Date post: | 06-Aug-2015 |
Category: |
Education |
Upload: | walaa-abdelnaby |
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Session Outcomes
• Discuss effective questioning techniques can improve comprehension in students with limited English proficiency.
• Distinguish between instructional strategies and questioning techniques that can be used before, during and after the reading of the text.
• Identify questions that may be generated by the student and/or the teacher and apply them to different types of text.
Supporting Comprehension
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ELL ALL
Year 1 -prior toinstructionalstrategies
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ELL ALL
Year 2 - withquestioningstrategies
Comprehension results: Grade 6
The Artistry of Effective Questioning
Student• Student-to-self• Student-to-student• Student-to-teacher
• Teacher-to-self• Teacher-to-teacher• Teacher-to-student
Teacher
Effective Questioning
• Encourages cooperative learning• Promotes group discussion • Builds on prior knowledge • Allows for choral response• Uses differentiation techniques• Develops increasing levels of cognition
Before Reading
• Questions about topic or genre
• Questions about words or language
• Questions that clarify learning objectives
• Questions that access prior knowledge or experience
Student generated
Teacher generated
Learning Objectives
• Content objective: Based on academic content standards
What do I want them to do?• Language objective: Based on English
language development standardsHow do I want them to do it?
J. Echevarria, M. Vogt & D.J. Short, Making Content Comprehensible for English Language Learners: The SIOP Model (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2000)
Stages of Language Acquisition• Beginning (pre-production)• Beginning (early production)• Beginning (early speech emergence)• Early intermediate• Intermediate• Early advanced• Advanced
Differentiating Language ObjectivesExample: Give a description of the setting using
precise vocabulary.Beginning One- or two-word responseEarly intermediate Simple phrase Intermediate One or two simple
sentencesEarly advanced Multi-sentence response
with few errorsAdvanced Multi-sentence response
with near native speech
Teacher-Focused Questions
• What are the learning objectives?• Do my students have the prerequisite skills
necessary to complete this task?• What academic language or vocabulary will I
need to preteach?• What language will I require the students to
use during the lesson?• What will the final student product be?
Student-Focused Questions
• What is my purpose for reading?• What are the learning objectives?• Do I see any unfamiliar words or ideas?• What is the culture, theme or topic?• What are the key ideas?• What is the activity or assignment I must
complete?
Plan-Prepare-Present
With your table group, fill out the questioning log. Look at the application process from both the teacher and student perspectives. How will the lesson be different with this questioning process?
During Reading
• Questions about key ideas • Questions about words or
language
• Questions that maximize language output
• Questions that guide learning objectives and promote higher-order thinking
Student generated
Teacher generated
Cues, Questions, Prompts
• Question-response-evaluation. The teacher asks a question and then appraises the answer.
• Question-response-feedback. The teacher asks a question, the student answers, and then the teacher provides feedback. The feedback includes paraphrasing the student answer, which leads to the student rephrasing his response.
• Student-organized interaction. Students ask and answer questions in small groups. The teacher becomes a facilitator and discussion participant.
J. Hill, K. Flynn, Classroom Instruction That Works With English Language Learners (Alexandria, Va.: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 2006).
Tiered Questioning
• Lowers the affective filter • Builds confidence • Increases oral language opportunities• Allows access to the text for all students
Color code the questioning chart to simplify lesson delivery and maximize language.
Text Walk-Text Talk
With your table group, use the text to design a series of questions that focus specifically on language output. What do you notice about these questions? How does the questioning chart help to facilitate lesson delivery?
Question-Answer Relationship
• Teach the four types of questions:– Right there– Think and search– Author and you– On your own
• Use non-linguistic representation to support student understanding and practice
• Use scaffolding model to build success- Taffy Raphael, 1982
Right There
The answer is right in the text and usually easy to find.
The words used to make up the question and the answer are usually the same.
Question: What year did the Civil War end?
Answer: The Civil War ended in 1865.
Think and Search
The answer is in the text, but you need to put different parts together to answer it.
Words for the question and words for the answer are not usually the same.
Question: What are the primary organs of the
digestive system?
Answer: The esophagus, stomach and intestines make up the digestive system.
Author and Me
The answer is not in the text, but the text will be used to find an answer.
Think of what you already know and link it to what you know from the text. See how they fit together.
Question: Using the graph, decide which
team was most successful.
Answer: I think the blue team was the most successful because …
On My Own
The answer is not in the text so prior knowledge and experiences must be used.
The question can be answered without having read the text.
Question: Why is it a good idea to conserve
water?
Answer: I think water should be conserved because ...
After Reading
• Student identifies text connections with lesson questions
• Student responds to original focus questions
• Teacher reviews original focus questions
• Teacher poses final questions that allow students to formulate an opinion or conclusion
Student generated
Teacher generated
Instructional Strategies for Questioning in Grades 3-8• Focus questions• Question-answer relationship (QAR)• Reciprocal reading• Tiered questioning• Central question diagram• Question the author• Question tree and sea• Question frames
Management Strategies
• Give up the lecture! • Ask interactive questions.• Increase oral language opportunities.• Allow for choral response.• Encourage cooperative learning.• Use questioning frames.• Pair students with alternate ranking.• PRETEACH!
Caryn [email protected]
Implementation Activities
• With a team of teachers, select a language arts or content area lesson and identify the learning objectives for both academic content and language.
• Use the lesson map to create a plan for questioning that will take place before, during, and after a text-based lesson.
• Create a system for easy recognition of levels of English proficiency with the students in your classroom, or school site. Color code the student names to correlate with the stages of language acquisition.