150 years

Efka® FA 4609

Dispersing agent for solvent based pigment concentrates especially of inorganic pigments and extenders

Formulation Additives Dispersions & Pigments Division European Coatings Show 2015

150 years

Content

Positioning Efka® FA 4609

Dispersing agents – Basic definitions

Dispersing agents – Performance benefits

Summary

Efka® FA 4609 – Proven performance

Back-up

2

150 years

Content

Positioning Efka® FA 4609

Dispersing agents – Basic definitions

Dispersing agents – Performance benefits

Summary

Efka® FA 4609 – Proven performance

Back-up

3

4

Dispersing agents Focus products for solvent-based systems

Inorganic pigments Classic organic pigments High performance pigments HCC black and phthalocyanine

Inorganic pigments Classic organic pigments High performance pigments

Inorganic pigments Classic organic pigments

Efka® PX 4310 1

Efka® PX 4330 1

Efka® PU 4020

Efka® PA 4450 Efka® FA 4608

Efka® PU 4009

solv

ent-b

ased

Efka® PU 4050 Efka® PU 4061 Efka® PU 4046 / 4063

Efka FA 46202 / Efka® FA 4609 2

1 CFRP technology (Controlled Free Radical Polymerization)

Decorative OEM / Refinish / Coil coating General industrial

2 Especially for inorganic pigments and fillers/extenders

Efka® PX 4751 / Efka® PX 4350 1

5

Viscosity

Strength

Opacity

Photo Stability

higher

lower particle size

crystals; primary particles aggregates agglomerates

Theory Need for dispersion

Favored properties

Favored energy state

Optimum properties at lowest particle size down to primary particles

Energy required to mill down pigment

Stabilization required to keep particles apart small large

150 years

Wetting

Penetration

Dispersing

+ ’Energy Input’

Stabilizing

+ ’Dispersant’

Theory Three steps: wetting – dispersing – stabilization

+ Steric hindrance

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150 years

7

General concept

Dispersing agent should have: interfacial solid-liquid activity (to promote substrate wetting) (electro)steric stabilization moiety for the dispersed particle

Dispersing agents

Low molecular weight dispersants (LMWD) 1000 < Mw < 2000 g / mole

High molecular weight dispersants (HMWD) 5000 < Mw < 30000 g / mole

Theory Dispersing agents: general chemistry

INTERNAL

150 years

Efka® FA 4609 Benefits

Performance highlights Strong reduction of mill-base viscosity

Improved rheological behavior

High pigment loading

Broad compatibility in a wide range of resin systems

Suitable for high gloss systems

Easy substitution of the market standard based on our tests

8

150 years

GPC comparison of Efka® FA 4609 and Benchmark A

Name Mn [g/mol] Mw [g/mol] PDI Efka® FA 4609 1230 2200 1.8 Benchmark A 1260 2270 1.8

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150 years

1H NMR Spectrum* of Efka® FA 4609 vs Benchmark A

*1H NMR without solvent

Efka® FA 4609

Benchmark A

10

150 years

Performance tests - Tested systems

Industrial coatings, automotive OEM / refinish and wood coatings applications

11

Test system Dispersion 2-pack solvent based PU Joncryl® 902

Basonat® LR 9046

2-pack solvent based EP Epikote® 1001 Versamid® 115

Solvent based coil coating Dynapol® LH 832-02 Luwipal® 066LF

NC/Alkyd Alkydal® E41 E510

150 years

Performance tests – Polymeric dispersing agents tested

12

Name Active content [wt.%] Chemistry

Efka® FA 4609 52% in MPA/Alkylbenzenes Solution of a copolymer with acidic groups

Benchmark A 52% in MPA/Alkylbenzenes Solution of a copolymer with acidic groups

150 years

Performance tests – Test methods

Test Method

Viscosity / Stability

Measurement of mill base viscosity at various shear rates before and after storage at 50°C

Color strength / Rub-out / Chroma

Addition of pigment concentrate to a white (or black) base paint. Application on black and white card and check rub-out: Measurement by colorimeter. Chroma is the saturation of a color, the higher the chroma the “cleaner” a color

Opacity Measurement of opacity by light absorption. At a value of 100 all light is absorbed and coating is completely opaque: The lower the opacity value, the more transparent the coating.

Gloss

Check influence of dispersing agents on gloss of the tinted paints using a gloss meter

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150 years

Rheology behavior of RCPC* with different inorganic pigments and fillers

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*RCPC = resin containing pigment concentrates

150 years

Rheology profile of a RCPC with 65% Kronos® 2310 at different DoP’s*

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Efka® FA 4609 shows similar rheology behavior vs. benchmark

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

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A

Efk

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Ben

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A

DoP = 3% DoP = 6%

Visc

osity

[mPa

*s]

fresh

10 s-1

100 s-1

1000 s-1

*active on pigment

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

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A

Efk

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A

DoP = 3% DoP = 6%

after 2w@50°C

150 years

Rheology profile of a RCPC with 65% Ti-Pure® R-902 at different DoP’s

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1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

Efk

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Ben

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A

Efk

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Ben

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A

DoP = 3% DoP = 6%

Visc

osity

[mPa

*s]

fresh

10 s-1

100 s-1

1000 s-1

Efka® FA 4609 shows similar rheology behavior vs. benchmark

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

Efk

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Ben

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A

Efk

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A

DoP = 3% DoP = 6%

after 2 weeks @ 50°C

150 years

Rheology profile of a RCPC with 65% Blanc Fixe Micro® at different DoP’s

17

Efka® FA 4609 shows similar rheology behavior vs. benchmark

1

10

100

1000

Efka FA 4609 Benchmark A Efka FA 4609 Benchmark A Efka FA 4609 Benchmark A

DoP = 1.5% DoP = 3% DoP = 6%

Visc

osity

[mPa

*s]

fresh

10 s-1100 s-1400 s-1

150 years

Rheology profile of a RCPC based on Bayferrox® 130M (60%) made on a pearl mill

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1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1 [1/s] 10 [1/s] 100 [1/s] 1000 [1/s]

Mill

bas

e vi

scos

ity [m

Pa*s

]

Shear rate

fresh

Benchmark AEfka FA 4609

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1 [1/s] 10 [1/s] 100 [1/s] 1000 [1/s]Shear rate

after 2 weeks @ 50°C

Efka® FA 4609 and Benchmark have similar rheology behavior with heat aging

150 years

Performance test of RCPC in a solvent based NC/Alkyd

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150 years

Gloss in a sb NC/Alkyd with RCPC based on Kronos® 2310 at different P/B’s

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Similar high level of gloss can be achieved

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Efka FA 4609 Benchmark A Efka FA 4609 Benchmark A

DoP = 3% DoP = 6%

fresh

Glo

ss @

60°

P/B 1:0,75 Gloss 60°P/B 1:1 Gloss 60°

150 years

Performance test of RCPC in a solvent based 2-pack PUR

21

150 years

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Efka FA 4609 Benchmark A Efka FA 4609 Benchmark A

DoP = 3% DoP = 6%

Glo

ss @

60°

fresh P/B 1:0,75 Gloss 60°P/B 1:1 Gloss 60°

Gloss in a sb 2-pack PUR with RCPC based on Ti-Pure® R-902 at different P/B’s

22

Similar high level of gloss can be achieved

150 years

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Efka FA 4609 Benchmark A Efka FA 4609 Benchmark A

DoP = 3% DoP = 6%

Glo

ss @

60°

after weeks @ 50°C P/B 1:0,75 Gloss 60°P/B 1:1 Gloss 60°

Gloss in a sb 2-pack PUR with RCPC based on Ti-Pure® R-902 at different P/B’s

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Comparable gloss performance even after storage

150 years

0102030405060708090

100

Efk

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460

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Ben

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Efk

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Ben

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A

Efk

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Ben

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A

Efk

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Ben

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A

DoP = 3% DoP = 6% DoP = 3% DoP = 6%

fresh 2w@50°C

rel.

Col

or s

tren

gth

Color strength of a white (K 2310) 2-pack PUR P/B 1:1 tinted with a black PC

24

Efka® FA 4609 and the benchmark show comparable color acceptance

150 years

Color strength / rub-out in a sb 2-pack PUR White reduction 80/20 Efk® FA 4609, DoP 3% fresh

Benchmark A, DoP 3% fresh

Efka® FA 4609, DoP 6% fresh

Benchmark A, DoP 6% fresh

Efka® FA 4609, DoP 3% 2w@50°C

Benchmark A, DoP 3% 2w@50°C

Efka® FA 4609, DoP 6% 2w@50°C

Benchmark A, DoP 6% 2w@50°C

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No rub

With rub

Efka® FA 4609 shows same compatibility behavior as the benchmark

150 years

Rheology behavior of RFPC* with different inorganic pigments and fillers

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*RFPC = resin free pigment concentrates

150 years

1

10

100

1000

10000

Efka FA 4609DoP 3%

Efka FA 4609DoP 6%

Benchmark ADoP 3%

Benchmark ADoP 6%

Mill

bas

e vi

scos

ity [m

Pa.s

]

1 [1/s]10 [1/s]100 [1/s]1000 [1/s]

Rheology profile of a RFPC with 65% Kronos® 2310 at different DoP’s

27

Efka® FA 4609 shows similar rheology behavior vs. benchmark

150 years

1

10

100

1000

10000

Efka FA 4609DoP 3%

Efka FA 4609DoP 6%

Benchmark ADoP 3%

Benchmark ADoP 6%

Mill

bas

e vi

scos

ity [m

Pa.s

]

1 [1/s]10 [1/s]100 [1/s]1000 [1/s]

Rheology profile of a RFPC with 65% Ti-Pure® R-902 at different DoP’s

28

Efka® FA 4609 shows similar rheology behavior vs. benchmark

150 years

29

Performance test of RFPC in a solvent based 2-pack epoxy

Source: Gebr. Hörner

150 years

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

40

60

80

100

120

1/1 1/1 1/0,75 1/0,75 1/0,5 1/0,5

Efka FA 4609,DoP 3%

Benchmark A,DoP 3%

Efka FA 4609,DoP 3%

Benchmark A,DoP 3%

Efka FA 4609,DoP 3%

Benchmark A,DoP 3%

Rub

-out

(ΔE)

Rel

ativ

e co

lor s

tren

gth

FSRelRO

Color strength in 2-pack epoxy as function of P/B ratio (Kronos® 2310)

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Efka® FA 4609 and Benchmark show comparable color acceptance

150 years

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

40

60

80

100

120

1/1 1/1 1/0,75 1/0,75 1/0,5 1/0,5

Efka FA 4609,DoP 3%

Benchmark A,DoP 3%

Efka FA 4609,DoP 3%

Benchmark A,DoP 3%

Efka FA 4609,DoP 3%

Benchmark A,DoP 3%

Rub

-out

(ΔE)

Rel

ativ

e co

lor s

tren

gth

FSRelRO

Color strength in 2-pack epoxy as function of P/B ratio (Ti-Pure® R-902 )

31

Efka® FA 4609 and Benchmark show comparable color acceptance

150 years

Gloss of a RFPC based on Kronos® 2310 in a 2-pack EP system

32

Efka® FA 4609 and Benchmark show same gloss/compatibility behavior

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

1/1 1/1 1/0,75 1/0,75 1/0,5 1/0,5

Efka FA 4609DoP 6%

Benchmark ADoP 6%

Efka FA 4609DoP 6%

Benchmark ADoP 6%

Efka FA 4609DoP 6%

Benchmark ADoP 6%

Glo

ss (2

0°)

150 years

Gloss of a RFPC based on Ti-Pure® R-902 in a 2-pack EP system

33

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

1/1 1/1 1/0,75 1/0,75 1/0,5 1/0,5

Efka FA 4609DoP 3%

Benchmark ADoP 3%

Efka FA 4609DoP 3%

Benchmark ADoP 3%

Efka FA 4609DoP 3%

Benchmark ADoP 3%

Glo

ss (2

0°)

Efka® FA 4609 and Benchmark show same gloss/compatibility behavior

150 years

Color strength / rub-out in a sb 2-pack EP White reduction 80/20 Efka® FA 4609, DoP 3% fresh

Benchmark A, DoP 3% fresh

Efka® FA 4609, DoP 6% fresh

Benchmark A, DoP 6% fresh

Efka® FA 4609, DoP 3% 2w@50°C

Benchmark A, DoP 3% 2w@50°C

Efka® FA 4609, DoP 6% 2w@50°C

Benchmark A, DoP 6% 2w@50°C

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Efka® FA 4609 shows same compatibility behavior as the benchmark

No rub

With rub

150 years

35

Performance test of RFPC in a solvent based coil coating

150 years

Gloss of RFPC’s based on Titan dioxide in a coil coating system

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40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Efk

a FA

460

9D

oP 3

%

Efk

a FA

460

9D

oP 6

%

Ben

chm

ark

AD

oP 3

%

Ben

chm

ark

AD

oP 6

%

Ti-Pure® R-902

Efka® FA 4609 shows same gloss level as benchmark

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Efk

a FA

460

9D

oP 3

%

Efk

a FA

460

9D

oP 6

%

Ben

chm

ark

AD

oP 3

%

Ben

chm

ark

AD

oP 6

%

Glo

ss (6

0°)

Kronos® 2310

150 years

Opacity behavior of RFPC in a sb coil coating

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40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

Efka FA 4609DoP 3%

Efka FA 4609DoP 6%

Benchmark ADoP 3%

Benchmark ADoP 6%

Con

tras

t rat

io o

ver b

lack

/whi

te

subs

trat

e

Kronos 2310Ti-Pure R-902

Efka® FA 4609 demonstrates the same opacity as the benchmark

150 years

Efka® FA 4609 Product characteristics

Property Method Data Solvent methoxy propyl acetate / alkylbenzenes 1:1

Density at 20 °C (68 °F) X230 1.01 - 1.04 g/cm³

Solids content (1 h at 120 °C) X231 50 - 54 %

Refractive index (20 °C) X232 1.457 - 1.467

Acid value (20 °C) X233 48 - 58 mg KOH/g

Colour Gardner (20 °C) X237 <= 4

Appearance X238 clear yellowish liquid

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150 years

Performance tests – Tested systems Industrial and automotive coatings

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Pigments Pigment load [%] Mod. Kronos® 2310 65 Al-Si-Zr-org. Ti-Pure® R-902 65 Al-Si

BaSO4 65 blanc fixe® micro

Bayferrox® 130M 60 Dispersants DoP [%] Efka FA 4609 1.5 / 3 / 6 (CGPS 295) Benchmark A 1.5 / 3 / 6

Type Grinding resin P/B Solvent RCPC Laropal® A81 1:0.2 MPA RFPC MPA

Test systems Industry Classification System Curing P/B 1:X PUR Auto / GIP RCPC Joncryl® 902 / Basonat® LR 9046 10'RT + 30'80°C 0.5 / 0.75 / 1.0 EP GIP RFPC Epikote® 1001 / Epikure 3115 10'RT + 30'80°C

Coil GIP RFPC Dynapo®l LH 832-02 / Luwipal® 066LF 15"PMT 240°C

NC/Alkyd GIP / Wood RCPC Alkydal® / NC

150 years

Suppliers

40

Brand name Supplier

Luwipal® Basonat® Laropal® Efka® Joncryl® Versamid®

BASF SE, Germany

Dynapol® Evonik Industries AG, Germany

Alkydal® Nuplex Resins B.V., Netherlands

Epikote® Momentive Specialty Chemicals, USA

Kronos® KRONOS Worldwide, Inc., USA

Ti-Pure® DuPont, USA

Bayferrox® LANXESS Deutschland GmbH, Germany

Blanc Fixe® Micro Sachtleben Chemie GmbH, Germany

150 years

Disclaimer

Safety When handling the mentioned products, please comply with the advice and information given in the safety data sheets and

observe protective and workplace hygiene measures adequate for handling chemicals.

Note The data contained in this publication are based on our current knowledge and experience. In view of the many factors that may

affect processing and application of our products, these data do not relieve processors from carrying out their own investigations and tests; neither do these data imply any guarantee of certain properties, nor the suitability of the product for a specific purpose. Any descriptions, drawings, photographs, data, proportions, weights, etc. given herein may change without prior information and do not constitute the agreed contractual quality of the product. The agreed contractual quality of the product results exclusively from the statements made in the product specification. It is the responsibility of the recipient of our product to ensure that any proprietary rights and existing laws and legislation are observed.

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150 years

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150 years

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