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LEED NC v2.2Introduction to LEED & Water Efficiency

May 2008



A voluntary Green Building Rating System

What is LEED?



What is LEED?



Why is there LEED?



Average

Savings ofGreenBuildings

ENERGY

SAVINGS30%

CARBONSAVINGS

35%

WATER

USESAVINGS

30-50%

WASTECOST

SAVINGS

50-90%

Summary of Savings



Commercial interiors projectsLEED CI

Core and shell development projectsLEED CS

Neighborhood developmentLEED ND

Existing building operations and maintenanceLEED EB

New commercial construction and major renovation projectsLEED NC

Types of LEED Certification



Types of LEED Certification



Possibility of 69 points;

Certified 26 to 32 points Silver 33 to 38 points

Gold 39 to 51 points

Platinum 52 or more

LEED NC Overview



Water

Efficiency

7%

Innovation &Design

Process 7%Sustainable

Sites

20%

Indoor

Environmental

Quality

22%

Energy &

Atmosphere

25%

Materials &

Resources

19%

TOTALS

ID

EQ

MR

EA

WE

SS

Categories

7

0

2

1

3

0

1

Pre-reqs

6949

52

1515

139

176

53

1414

PointsUnique

credits

LEED NC Overview





LEED NC v2.2Water Efficiency



Water EfficiencyPotential Points

1Water Use Reduction: 30% reductionCredit 3.2

1Water Use Reduction: 20% reductionCredit 3.1

1Innovative Waste Water TechnologiesCredit 2

1Water Efficient Landscaping: No potable water use or no

irrigation

Credit 1.2

1Water Efficient Landscaping: Reduce by 50%Credit 1.1

Point(s)Credit



Intent

Limit or eliminate the use of potable water for landscape irrigation.

Water Efficient LandscapingCredit 1.1 – Reduce by 50%

Design Submittal



Requirements

Reduce potable water consumption for irrigation by 50% over convention means byany of the following:

Using high efficiency irrigation technology

Plant species factor

Using recycled site water

Using captured rain

Using treated sewage effluent (TSE)




Technologies

Perform a soil/climate analysis Design landscape with indigenous plants

High-efficiency irrigation systems

Stormwater / greywater for irrigation




Calculations

Two sets:1. Baseline Case

2. Design Case





Calculations - Baseline

1. Start a spreadsheet with the

different areas of planting



2. Calculate the KL

for each of the

project’s planting areas


Calculations - BaselineKL = landscape coefficient => the volume of water

lost via evapotranspiration

KL = ks * kd * Kmc






KL = ks * kd * Kmc

kS = species factor => a plant

species need for water

Kd = Density factor => number of plants. Higher density

factor, higher evapotranspiration and the more irrigation

required.

Kmc = microclimate factor => localtemperature, wind humidity effects






KL = ks * kd * Kmc

3. Select the appropriate evapotranspiration rate (ET0) for the region where the project is located. Use

the figure for July



4. Calculate the specific evapotraspiration rate (ETL) for each plant type on the project: ETL =

KL * ET0




KL = ks * kd * Kmc




Calculations - Baseline

5. Now calculate the total water applied (TWA) for the project, by totalling the TWA for each planttype.

TWA(gal) = area(sf) * ETL * CE * 0.6233

IE




Calculations – Design Case

Calculate the total potable water applied (TPWA) by deducting any non potable water supply

from the total applied water (TWA)

TPWA (gal) = TWA(gal) – reused water



Summary

Design Submittal

High-efficiency irrigation systems

Stormwater / greywater for irrigation

Design landscape with indigenous plants

Reduce potable water consumption for irrigation by 50% over

convention means.

Baseline and Design Calculations and narrative explaining

landscaping system.

Documentation

Technologies

Requirements

Limit or eliminate the use of potable water for landscapeirrigation.

Intent




Intent

Limit or eliminate the use of potable water for landscape irrigation.

Water Efficient LandscapingCredit 1.2 – No Potable Water Use or No Irrigation



Requirements

Option 1

Reduce total water use by 50% and use only non-potable water collected andtreated for irrigation

OR

Option 2

Install landscaping that does not require a permanent irrigation system. A

temporary irrigation system can be installed for establishment, but must be

removed within a year.




Summary

Design Submittal

Option 2Option 1

High-efficiency irrigation

systems

Stormwater / greywater for

irrigation

Design landscape with

indigenous plants

Reduce total water use by 50%

and use only non-potable

water collected and treated for

irrigation

Baseline and Design Calculations and narrative explaining landscaping system.Documentation

Design landscape with indigenous plantsTechnologies

Install landscaping that does not require a

permanent irrigation system. A temporary

irrigation system can be installed for

establishment, but must be removed within a

year.

Requirements

Limit or eliminate the use of potable water for landscape irrigation.Intent




Intent

Reduce generation of wastewater and potable water demand while increasing local

aquifer recharge.

Innovative Waste Water TechCredit 2

Design Submittal



Requirements

Option 1

Reduce potable water use for sewage conveyance by 50% through the use of

water conserving fixtures or non potable water.

OR

Option 2 Treat 50% of wastewater on site to tertiary standards. Treated water must be

infiltrated or used on site




Technologies

High-efficiency fixtures

Dry fixtures (composting toilets, waterless urinals)

Reuse stormwater / rainwater for nonpotable uses

On-site wastewater treatment systems




1. Create a spreadsheet with each baseline fixture type.


Calculations – Baseline





2. Calculate the total sewage generated for each fixture type and gender by using thedaily use assumptions in table 1 and equation 1.

Equation 1

Sewage volume (gal) = Uses * Duration [mins or flushes] * Water Volume

Use [min or flush]

flowrate



3. Multiply the male and female sewage generation volume by the occupants and sum to get thedaily total sewage generation vol (gal) using equation 2.



Equation 2

Total daily sewage generation (gal) = (Male occupants Male sewage generation) + (Female

occupant * Female sewage generation)





Equation 3

Annual sewage generation (gal) = Total daily sewage generation * workdays

4. Multiply the total daily sewage volume by the number of workdays in a typical year usingequation 3.



1. Create a spreadsheet with each design case fixture type.


Calculations – Design

Do not change the occupants,

workdays, or frequency data





2. If rainwater harvest or graywater reuse strategies are employed subtract these annualvolumes from the annual sewage generation

Do not change the occupants,

workdays, or frequency data

Exemplary Performance if 100% reduction or 100% on site treatment is

achieved



Preliminary treatment:

Removal of solids (ie metal, grit, rags, garbage

Primary treatment:

Settlement of solids (mostly organic solids)

Secondary treatment:

Removal of remaining BOD and SS

Biological Oxygen Demand, Suspended Solids

Includes: Nitrification, or transformation of ammonia to nitrate

Requires: source of oxygen, source of biological bugs, removal of suspendedsolids and bugs

Tertiary treatment: Removal of nutrients – nitrates, phosphates, and pathogens.

Rarely carried out by treatment plants, or required by authorities for discharge

Sewage Treatment



Primary treatment:

Settlement tanks Septic tanks

Bark rings

Solids separators

Living Machines

Strategies

Tertiary treatment

Horizontal reed beds (may also be usedfor secondary)

Leachfields

Waste stabilization ponds

Living Machines



Summary

Design Submittal

Option 2Option 1


Dry fixtures (composting toilets,

waterless urinals)

Reuse stormwater / rainwater for nonpotable uses

Reduce potable water use for

sewage conveyance by 50%

through the use of water

conserving fixtures or nonpotable water.

Plumbing drawings, FTE occupants, baseline and design calculations, non-potable

water supply and narrative explaining sewage system.

Documentation

On-site wastewater treatment systemsTechnologies

Treat 50% of wastewater on site to tertiary

standards. Treated water must be infiltrated or

used on site

Requirements

Reduce generation of wastewater and potable water demand while increasing local

aquifer recharge.

Intent


Exemplary Performance if 100% reduction

or 100% on site treatment is achieved



Intent

Maximize water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal water

supply and wastewater systems.

Water Use ReductionCredit 3.1 – 20% Reduction

Design Submittal

W U R d i



Requirements

Employ strategies that in aggregate use 20% less water than water use baseline

calculated for the building (excluding irrigation) after meeting the Energy Policy Act of

1992 fixture performance requirements.

Calculations only include the following: water closets, urinals, lavatories, showers and

kitchen sinks


W t U R d ti



Technologies



Occupancy sensors

Reuse of stormwater / greywater for non-potable use


W t U R d ti



1. Create a spreadsheet with each baseline fixture and flush type.



Same as WE 2, with the addition

of the following fixtures:

•Lavatory faucets (taps)

•Showers

•Kitchen and kitchenette faucets

(taps)

Excludes clothes washing

machines, dishwashers,

laboratory sinks.

W t U R d ti



2. Add the number of occupants per type of building use






•Showers


(taps)



laboratory sinks.

Water Use Reduction





3. Calculate the water used for each fixture and fitting type by using equation 1.

Equation 1

Potable water (gal) = Uses * Duration [mins or flushes] *Flowrate [mins or flushes] * occupants




•Showers


(taps)



laboratory sinks.

Water Use Reduction





4. Multiply the total potable water by the number of workdays in a typical year




•Showers


(taps)



laboratory sinks.

Water Use Reduction



1. Create a new spreadsheet with each design fixture and flush type.



Do not change the

occupants, workdays, or

frequency data

Water Use Reduction





Do not change the

occupants, workdays, or

frequency data

2. Subtract any greywater, captured rainwater

Water Use Reduction



Requirements

Employ strategies that in aggregate use 30% less water than water use baseline

calculated for the building (excluding irrigation) after meeting the Energy Policy Act of

1992 fixture performance requirements.


Exemplary Performance if a 40% reduction is achieved

Water Use Reduction



Summary

Design Submittal

Employ strategies that in aggregate

use 20% less water than water use

baseline calculated for the building

(excluding irrigation) after meeting

the Energy Policy Act of 1992 fixture

performance requirements.

Plumbing drawings, FTE occupants, baseline and design calculations, non-potable

water supply and narrative explaining plumbing system.

Documentation



Occupancy sensorsReuse of stormwater / greywater for non-potable use

Technologies

Employ strategies that in aggregate use 30%

less water than water use baseline calculated

for the building (excluding irrigation) after

meeting the Energy Policy Act of 1992 fixture

performance requirements.

Requirements

Maximize water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal water

supply and wastewater systems.

Intent

Water Use ReductionCredit 3.1 & 3.2 – 20% 0r 30% Reduction

Exemplary Performance if a

40% reduction is achieved

Example Exam Questions




There are 4 categories of questions:

Type 1) Knowledge of LEED Credit Intents & Requirements Type 2) Coordinate Project and Team

Type 3) Implement LEED Process

Type 4) Verify, Participate in and perform technical analyses required for LEED

Credits




Example Exam QuestionsType 1) Knowledge of LEED Credit Intents & Requirements

1) In the context of the LEED rating system, a documented 40% reduction of potable water usewithin the building, beyond what would result from meeting 1992 Energy Policy Actrequirements, could earn which one of the following:

A) Zero points, as it falls short of the 50% minimum for WE credit 1.1 Water EfficientLandscaping

B) One point under WE Credit 3, Water Use Reduction

C) One point for ID Credit1, Innovation in Design Exemplary Performance

D) Two points under WE Credit 3, Water Use Reduction

E) Three points including one point under SS Credit 6, Storm water Management and twopoints WE Credit 3, Water Use Reduction

F) Three points, including two points under WE Credit 3, Water Use Reduction, and one point

under ID Credit1, Innovation in Design Exemplary Performance




Example Exam QuestionsType 1) Knowledge of LEED Credit Intents & Requirements

2) Which three of the following might contribute to WE Credit 1, Water Efficient Landscaping

(choose three):

A) Planting of hardwood trees to provide shade

B) Use of native or adapted plant species

C) Substitution of turf grass for other types of vegetation

D) Reduction of pervious surface areas

E) Reduction of total landscaped area

F) A combination of vegetated swales and rain water capture




Example Exam QuestionsType 2) Coordinate Project and Team

3) The design team for a college dormitory with 500 beds, 210 showers, 325 lavatories, and 130water closets plans to pre-heat water for the hot water system with recovered heat fromgraywater flowing through drain pipes from all showers and lavatories – typically referred toas “drain heat recovery”. All showers will use water efficient heads and all lavatories will befitted with metered faucets. Gray water collected after initial use in these fixtures will betreated and used in wall mounted institutional water closets with flush-o-meter type valves.To which three of the following LEED credits might these design strategies contribute(choose three):

A) EA Credit 5, Measurement & Verification

B) EA Credit 1, Optimise Energy Performance

C) EA Credit 2, On Site Renewable Energy

D) WE Credit3, Water Use Reduction

E) WE Credit 2, Innovative Waste Water TechnologiesF) WE Credit 1, Water Efficient Landscaping




p QType 4) Verify, Participate In and Perform Analyses

4) In an office facility, the design includes a rainwater harvesting system that collects 16,000gallons of water annually. The rainwater is used for flushing water closets.

What information is necessary to calculate the reduction in potable water demand for building sewage conveyance (Option 1) for achieving WE Credit 2, Innovative Waste Water Technology? (Choose three):

A) Annual work days

B) Flow rates of faucetsC) Number of FTE and transient building occupants

D) Total daily volume of wastewater generated

E) Total daily volume of process water generated

Example Exam Answers



p

1) F

2) A, B, F

3) B, D, E

4) A, C, D




pType 1) Knowledge of LEED Credit Intents & Requirements

1) In the context of the LEED rating system, a documented 40% reduction of potable water usewithin the building, beyond what would result from meeting 1992 Energy Policy Actrequirements, could earn which one of the following:

A) Zero points, as it falls short of the 50% minimum for WE credit 1.1 Water EfficientLandscaping

B) One point under WE Credit 3, Water Use Reduction

C) One point for ID Credit1, Innovation in Design Exemplary Performance

D) Two points under WE Credit 3, Water Use Reduction

E) Three points including one point under SS Credit 6, Storm water Management and twopoints WE Credit 3, Water Use Reduction

F) Three points, including two points under WE Credit 3, Water Use Reduction, and one point

under ID Credit1, Innovation in Design Exemplary Performance




Type 1) Knowledge of LEED Credit Intents & Requirements

2) Which three of the following might contribute to WE Credit 1, Water Efficient Landscaping

(choose three):

A) Planting of hardwood trees to provide shade

B) Use of native or adapted plant species

C) Substitution of turf grass for other types of vegetation

D) Reduction of pervious surface areasE) Reduction of total landscaped area

F) A combination of vegetated swales and rain water capture




Type 2) Coordinate Project and Team

3) The design team for a college dormitory with 500 beds, 210 showers, 325 lavatories, and 130water closets plans to pre-heat water for the hot water system with recovered heat fromgraywater flowing through drain pipes from all showers and lavatories – typically referred to

as “drain heat recovery”. All showers will use water efficient heads and all lavatories will befitted with metered faucets. Gray water collected after initial use in these fixtures will betreated and used in wall mounted institutional water closets with flush-o-meter type valves.To which three of the following LEED credits might these design strategies contribute(choose three):

A) EA Credit 5, Measurement & Verification

B) EA Credit 1, Optimise Energy Performance

C) EA Credit 2, On Site Renewable Energy

D) WE Credit3, Water Use Reduction

E) WE Credit 2, Innovative Waste Water TechnologiesF) WE Credit 1, Water Efficient Landscaping




Type 4) Verify, Participate In and Perform Analyses

4) In an office facility, the design includes a rainwater harvesting system that collects 16,000gallons of water annually. The rainwater is used for flushing water closets.

What information is necessary to calculate the reduction in potable water demand for building sewage conveyance (Option 1) for achieving WE Credit 2, Innovative Waste Water Technology? (Choose three):

A) Annual work days

B) Flow rates of faucetsC) Number of FTE and transient building occupants

D) Total daily volume of wastewater generated

E) Total daily volume of process water generated

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