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EHI guide booklet LED use in retailing 2016 Selection criteria and checklists
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Preface
Preface and acknowledgements
LED lighting has arrived. The question is no longer whether or when it will come. For planning a well-balanced and at the same time en-ergy-efficient lighting concept, LEDs today belong to the relevant set of all those who concern themselves with light planning as retailers, suppliers and independent service providers.
Given the level of knowledge that retailers, manufacturers and planners have today regarding the advantages and drawbacks of LEDs, the often very emotional assessment (somewhere between euphoria and condemnation) that once prevailed meanwhile has giv-en way to a more differentiated view. Undoubtedly the EHI checklist for the use of LED lighting in retail, which provided retailers and their partners with clearly defined, key criteria for objective evaluation of the quality, efficiency and robustness of an LED lamp, played an important role in this. For the first time it enabled a genuine compar-ison between different products and suppliers, and it continues to support retail in its assessment and selection process. This is neces-sary, because in part there still are considerable differences in quality within the continually growing range of LEDs.
The LED today is a universally recognised means of shop illumina-tion, the use of which, however, still always entails detailed consid-eration of the individual application – making special allowance for the existing store and lighting concept and the existing luminaire/lamp/ballast/control system.
Therefore, along with the proven test criteria and reference values, this updated version of the EHI brochure on the use of LED lighting in retail contains additional information about circuit protection and reliability, LEDs in suspended ceilings, changes to existing systems, and LED lighting in a refrigerated environment.
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Preface
Claudia HorbertDirector of ResearchStore Planning & DesignEHI Retail Institute
Again, the booklet was drawn up by a working group formed by EHI Retail Institute together with retailers and manufacturers who are members of the EHI network. The role of technical moderator for the working group – in close cooperation with EHI – again was assumed by Ralph Kensmann, executive director of the Essen-based lighting design office start.design. The results of the group’s work are summarised in this LED brochure.
We thank all of the participating companies for their extremely constructive cooperation and the outstanding commitment they showed in helping to answer the new questions that have been raised and to update the LED brochure.
Benjamin ChiniProject ManagerEnergy ManagementEHI Retail Institute
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Contents
Preface 4
Introduction 9
The spread of LED lighting in retail 9
Experience in the use of LEDs 13
Checklists 17
Quality and efficiency 17
Robustness 19
Circuit protection 20
LED lamp operation in suspended ceilings 21
LED lighting in a refrigerated environment 22
Optimising energy consumption in existing systems 24
Appendix 26
Glossary 26
Publication details 43
Introduction
58.8percent of food retailers already equip their new
and refurbished stores entirely with LEDs. LED lighting remains
the first investment priority.
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Introduction
The spread of LED lighting in retail
With the “EHI-Laden-Monitor”, published triennially on the occasion of EuroShop, and the annual study on energy management in re-tail, for a number of years EHI has been following the development of lighting into a major element of any store concept and a distin-guishing feature between competitors in the market. Whereas the EHI Store Monitor deals especially with the conceptual aspects of lighting, the EHI energy studies concentrate on efficiency measures in the area of lighting.
In both areas LED technology has enjoyed a special status for several years, very quickly gaining general acceptance for indoor and outdoor advertising signage, shelf and changing-cubicle illu-mination, as well as for backlit rear walls, cove lighting and other indirect lighting systems.
Photo: Kaufpark, Iserlohn/Philips
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Introduction
Tests with LED lamps for accent and area lighting initially disappoint-ed many retailers. From the retailers’ viewpoint, light output, brilliance and colour rendering in those early LED area-lighting projects were still no match for the quality of the HIT lighting technology used up to then. On the other hand, the LED is an entirely new lighting sys-tem that cannot always be directly compared with the previously em-ployed technologies in regard, for example, to useful life, luminous efficacy or efficiency.
Due to the uncertainty this entailed, the acceptance and spread of LEDs in the German-speaking retail industry was still very limited at the beginning of the decade. Moreover, the market was flooded with LED products of highly different quality that frequently failed to meet the safety and reliability requirements.
For department stores and specialist retailers from the fashion, foot-wear and sporting goods sectors, LEDs were not yet a topic in the years 2010/2011, while about half of the Top 20 of the German food retailing trade were carrying out pilot LED projects especially at their fresh food counters. Some three years later, food retailing was pioneering the spread of LED technology [EHI-Laden-Monitor 2014]. New food stores now to a large extent are equipped with LED light-ing. LED lighting is the standard for many food retailing companies also in revitalisation projects. For them, LEDs have clear advantages over the previously dominant conventional lighting solutions in terms of controllability, light quality and energy efficiency.
The thinking has changed in non-food retail as well. According to the results of the “EHI-Energie-Monitor 2015”, power stores from vari-ous sectors (drugstore, DIY, furniture, household goods, household appliances) gradually are changing over to LEDs also for accent and area lighting, mainly in newly built stores, and at some companies also in existing stores if comprehensive refurbishing is planned an-yway (cf. Fig. 1).
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Introduction
Great scepticism – compared with all other branches – still persists among clothing retailers. They fear that LEDs will not provide the ideal light for every merchandise category and, as a result, satisfac-tory results for colour reproduction will not be attained in future ei-ther. All the same, there are now only very few clothing chain stores that exclusively use conventional lighting technology for new and/or remodelled stores. Hybrid types with HIT and LED technology, the latter preferably as accent and effect lighting, meanwhile find wide-spread use. In addition, there are several bigger clothing chain stores which are going to equip at least their new shops entirely with LEDs. LED technology even is employed by those clothing retail compa-nies which still assess LEDs critically as regards the payback periods.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Food
Nonfood
In percent
37.5
58.8
14.7
34.8
LEDs continue to gain groundPercentage of those retail enterprises which use exclusively LEDs in their outlets (also as standard for new outlets and remodelling) (Fig. 1)
Source: EHIEHI-Laden-Monitor 2014, EHI-Energie-Monitor 2015
20132015
Checklists
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Quality and efficiency
Checklist for white LED lighting
The following checklist provides you with important test criteria for objective assessment of the quality, efficiency and robustness of an LED luminaire*. Demand compliance with these quality criteria by the luminaire manufacturer; have him guarantee them to you in writing, if necessary.
*The glossary contains more detailed explanations about the quality criteria.
Efficiency,luminousfluxandpowerconsumptionHave the power consumption of the complete luminaire specified in watts (W), the luminous flux of the lamp in lu-mens (lm), and the efficiency of both components in lu-mens/watt (lm/W) including ambient temperature and product temperature (reference point).Colourreproduction(CRIvalue)The colour rendering index CRI describes the quality of the colour reproduction of an illuminated product. The higher the CRI of a luminaire, the better/the more natural the re-production of the original colour of the product by the light.
� A CRI > 80 is the minimum; depending on require-ments profile and specification, a CRI > 90 is possible.
Qualityandefficiency
Glossary Page
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Glossary Page
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Quality and efficiency
LightcolourIn the LED sector, stating light colour in kelvins (e.g. 4,000 K for neutral white) now only serves as a rough approximation.
� In addition to the colour temperature in kelvins, have the x and y coordinates from the chromaticity diagram specified as colour point.
ColourtoleranceMacAdam ellipses provide a vendor-neutral definition of differences in colour which are still detectable by the human eye. The number of MacAdam ellipses describes tolerance values for these colour differences.
� The ordinary colour tolerance is 3 MacAdams (SDCM 3).
LightcolourstabilityovereconomiclifeThe white light colour depends on the material used on the chip and in the phosphor. The progressive ageing process changes the colour temperature of the white light.
� The ordinary colour tolerance over the useful life is additional 2 MacAdams (SDCM 2).
LightdistributionAsk for the light distribution curve.
Glare/reflectionAvoid glare. With LEDs, particular attention must be paid to glare, since an LED can produce a high light intensity on its small surface. Visually test for direct glare and reflections on the surface of the merchandise.
Glossary Page
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Glossary Page
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Glossary Page
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Publication details
Published by:
EHI Retail Institute GmbH
Spichernstrasse 55
50672 Köln
Tel. +49 221 57993-0
Fax +49 221 57993-45
www.ehi.org
A publication of:
EHI Retail Institute e.V.
EHI Retail Institute management:
Michael Gerling
Layout:
EHI Retail Institute
Printing:
Häuser KG, Cologne
Ordering options:
Tel. +49 221 57993-64
www.ehi-shop.de
ISBN: 978-3-87257-456-5
Price: EUR 39.00 incl. VAT
Copyright© 2016
All rights, especially the right of reproduction,
distribution and translation, reserved. No part of
this publication may be reproduced in any form
(print, photocopy, microfilm or by any other pro-
cess) or processed, duplicated or distributed
electronically without the written permission of
the publisher.
Exclusion of liability
EHI Retail Institute has taken the utmost care to
provide correct, complete and up-to-date infor-
mation in this study. However, errors cannot be
completely excluded. EHI Retail Institute there-
fore assumes no liability or guarantee for the
correctness, completeness, quality and/or cur-
rency of the published information, unless the
errors were included intentionally or with gross
negligence. This concerns both material and
non-material damage to third parties caused by
the use of the provided information.
Image rights:
Ansorg, Bäro, Intersport,
istockphoto (Cover: CharnW),
Fotolia (6: HP_Photo), Osram OS,
Philips, start.design, tegut
