EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 1 EIA - Operating Principles.

EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007)EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 11

- EIA Operating Princ - EIA Operating Principlesiples


- EIA Operating - EIA OperatingPrinciplesPrinciples******

ScreeningScreening ScopingScoping AssessingAssessing MitigationMitigation ReportingReporting ReviewingReviewing Decision-makingDecision-making Monitoring and managementMonitoring and management Public involvementPublic involvement


The EIA process:The EIA process:

screening - to decide if and at what level screening - to decide if and at what level EIA should be appliedEIA should be applied

scoping - to identify the important scoping - to identify the important issues and prepare terms of reference issues and prepare terms of reference

impact analysis - to predict the effects of impact analysis - to predict the effects of a proposal anda proposal and evaluate their evaluate their significance significance

mitigation - to establish measures to mitigation - to establish measures to prevent, reduce or compensate for prevent, reduce or compensate for impacts impacts


reporting - to prepare the information reporting - to prepare the information necessary for decision-makingnecessary for decision-making

review - to check the quality of the EIA review - to check the quality of the EIA report. report.

decision-making - to approve (or decision-making - to approve (or reject) the proposal and set conditionsreject) the proposal and set conditions

follow up – to monitor, manage and follow up – to monitor, manage and audit the impacts of project audit the impacts of project implementationimplementation

public involvement - to inform and public involvement - to inform and consult with stakeholdersconsult with stakeholders


No EIAEIA Required

*Public involvement Scoping

Mitigation and impact

management

EIA Report

ProposalIdentification

Screening

Initialenvironmental examination

Impact analysis

Review

Decision-making

ApprovedNot approved

Implementation andfollow up

Information from this processcontributes to effective future EIA

Redesign

Resubmit*Public involvement

*Public involvement typicallyoccurs at these points. It mayalso occur at any other stageof the EIA Process.

Generalised EIAProcess Flowchart

EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007)UNEP Training Resource Manual

Topic 1 Slide 5


Project Screening - is an EIA needed?Scoping – which impacts & issue to consider?Description of the proposed actionIdentification of key impacts

Project Screening - is an EIA needed?Scoping – which impacts & issue to consider?Description of the proposed actionIdentification of key impactsAssessing: Prediction of impactsEvaluation & assessment of significant of impactsIdentification of mitigation measures

Assessing: Prediction of impactsEvaluation & assessment of significant of impactsIdentification of mitigation measuresPresentation of finding in an

EIA report (EIS)(including a non-technical

summary)

Presentation of finding in an EIA report (EIS)

(including a non-technical summary)Review of the EIA report (EIS)Review of the EIA report (EIS)

Decision-makingDecision-making

Post-decision monitoringAuditing of predictions and mitigation of measures

Post-decision monitoringAuditing of predictions and mitigation of measures

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Important Steps in the EIA Process

Important Steps in the EIA Process


EIA processEIA process

I. ScreeningI. Screening


SCREENINGSCREENING

Definition:Definition:

– is the process of determining is the process of determining whether or not a proposal whether or not a proposal requires full-scale EIA and the requires full-scale EIA and the level at which that assessment level at which that assessment should occur.should occur.


The purpose of The purpose of screeningscreening

The purpose of screening is to The purpose of screening is to

determine:determine:

whether or not a proposal requires whether or not a proposal requires

an EIAan EIA

what level of EIA is requiredwhat level of EIA is required


Outcomes of Outcomes of screeningscreening

full or comprehensive EIA requiredfull or comprehensive EIA required more limited EIA requiredmore limited EIA required furthefurtherr study needed to study needed to

determine EIA requirementdetermine EIA requirement no further requirement for EIAno further requirement for EIA


Screening and Screening and scoping comparedscoping compared

ScreeningScreeningdetermines the requirement for EIAdetermines the requirement for EIAestablishes the level of review establishes the level of review necessarynecessary

ScopingScopingidentifies the key issues and impactsidentifies the key issues and impactsestablishes the terms of referenceestablishes the terms of reference


Requirement of full-scale EIA Requirement of full-scale EIA involves:involves:

exploitation of natural resourcesexploitation of natural resources infrastructureinfrastructure industrial activitiesindustrial activities extractive industriesextractive industries waste management and disposal waste management and disposal substantial changes in farming or substantial changes in farming or

fishing practicesfishing practices


Screening methodsScreening methods

legal/policy definitionlegal/policy definition inclusion list of projects (with or inclusion list of projects (with or

without thresholds)without thresholds) exclusion list of projectsexclusion list of projects criteria for case-by-case criteria for case-by-case

screeningscreening


Approaches to screening Approaches to screening involve one or a combination involve one or a combination

of:of:

decision-makers’ discretiondecision-makers’ discretion initial environmental examinationinitial environmental examination project lists with/without thresholdsproject lists with/without thresholds exclusion listsexclusion lists



Decision-maker’s discretion:Decision-maker’s discretion:

the proposal itself and its potential impactsthe proposal itself and its potential impacts the level of confidence in the predicted impactsthe level of confidence in the predicted impacts the characteristics of the receiving environment the characteristics of the receiving environment

and its resilience to changeand its resilience to change the existing planning, environmental the existing planning, environmental

management and decision-making frameworkmanagement and decision-making framework the degree of public interest likely in the the degree of public interest likely in the

proposalproposal


Initial environmental Initial environmental examination (evaluation)examination (evaluation)

describe the proposal and examine any alternatives describe the proposal and examine any alternatives that might improve the environmental outcomesthat might improve the environmental outcomes

identify and address the concerns of the local identify and address the concerns of the local communitycommunity

identify and assess the potential environmental identify and assess the potential environmental effectseffects

mitigate adverse effects and enhance potential mitigate adverse effects and enhance potential benefitsbenefits

contain environmental monitoring and management contain environmental monitoring and management plansplans


Project lists: establish a set of Project lists: establish a set of specific criteria that can be used to specific criteria that can be used to

determine which projects will determine which projects will undergo EIA.undergo EIA.

requiring full-scale EIArequiring full-scale EIA requiring some form of further requiring some form of further

environmental analysisenvironmental analysis not requiring any further environmental not requiring any further environmental

analysisanalysis


Exclusion lists:Exclusion lists:

The use of exclusion lists is not a The use of exclusion lists is not a common approach to screening. common approach to screening.

The use is that the greater number of The use is that the greater number of smaller and less significant projects smaller and less significant projects are given exemption from EIA based are given exemption from EIA based on project type or size.on project type or size.


Thailand:Thailand: Type and sizes of projects or activities rType and sizes of projects or activities r

equiring EIA report. equiring EIA report.

1. Industry1. Industry 2. Residential building and 2. Residential building and

service service communitycommunity 3. Transportation3. Transportation 4. Energy4. Energy 5. Water resource5. Water resource 6. Watershed area6. Watershed area 7. Mine7. Mine



Lists of actions:Lists of actions:

Utilising of positive/inclusive natureUtilising of positive/inclusive nature Utilising of negative/exclusive natureUtilising of negative/exclusive nature Weakness of lists based on types of action Weakness of lists based on types of action

without considering towithout considering to– sizesize– technologytechnology– resource requirementsresource requirements– waste characteristicswaste characteristics


Three possible outcomes of Three possible outcomes of screening process:screening process:

1. proposals which 1. proposals which do not require do not require additionaladditional environmental investigation environmental investigation because it is expected that they will not because it is expected that they will not have significant impactshave significant impacts

2. proposals which 2. proposals which require a limitedrequire a limited environmental study because the environmental study because the environmental impacts are known and environmental impacts are known and can be easily mitigatedcan be easily mitigated


3. proposals which require EIA 3. proposals which require EIA to to determinedetermine the extent and magnitude of the extent and magnitude of range of significant adverse impacts range of significant adverse impacts and and to proposeto propose a range of appropriate a range of appropriate mitigation, monitoring and management mitigation, monitoring and management measuresmeasures


Ex: Egypt Ex: Egypt

3 lists of project criteria;3 lists of project criteria;– 1. White list1. White list

No EIA requirement No EIA requirement

– 2. Gray list2. Gray listScoped EIA study may be required.Scoped EIA study may be required.

– 3. Black list3. Black listFull EIA study is required.Full EIA study is required.



Mandatory EIA

Case by caseconsideration ofrequirement for

EIA

EIA ruled out

‘Inclusive’ threshold

EIA more likely to berequired; screenborderline proposals forsignificant environmentaleffects

‘Indicative’ threshold

EIA less likely to be requiredbut still screen for significancewhere the location is sensitiveor if there is a potential forcumu

A framework for screening

UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 4 Slide 27

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Exclusive threshold

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EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 1 EIA - Operating Principles.

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