EIGHT CHANNELS DIGITAL STORAGE OSCILLOSCOPE
AMIRTHAVEL A/L KANDASAMY
A project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirement for the award of the degree of
Master of Engineering (Electrical-Electronic and Telecommunication)
Faculty of Electrical
Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
JUNE 2016
iii
To my beloved parents and all my family members
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to thank Assoc. Prof. Dr Muhammad Nasir Bin Ibrahim, my supervisor for my master's degree project. Together with his expert advice and guidance, this report has come to fruition. My sincerest appreciation must be extended to the supervisor who have gone through the draft copy and sent in the comments, corrections and suggestions.
I also like to thank my parents, my siblings and my friends for their never
dying support.
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ABSTRACT
The traditional two or four channels oscilloscope is not very useful to study
behavior of many modern intelligent sensors or system on chips (SOC) as many of
them contains more than four signals. An eight channels digital storage oscilloscope
is considered good to analyze these devices, hence, proposed in this project. This
project is to demonstrate knowledge of microprocessor system design, skills in signal
conditioning techniques and analogue system design involving op-amp by
developing a prototype of eight channels digital storage oscilloscope.
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ABSTRAK
Osiloskop tradisional yang mempunyai dua atau empat saluran tidak sangat
berguna untuk mengkaji operasi banyak sensor pintar moden atau sistem pada cip
(SOC) kerana kebanyakannya mengandungi lebih daripada empat isyarat. Osiloskop
penyimpanan digital lapan saluran adalah baik untuk menganalisis alat-alat ini. Ini
menjadi cadangan projek ini. Projek ini adalah untuk menunjukkan pengetahuan reka
sistem mikropemproses, kemahiran dalam teknik penyesuaian isyarat dan reka sistem
analog melibatkan Op-Amp dengan membuat prototaip osiloskop penyimpanan
digital lapan saluran.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
DECLARATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
ABSTRACT v
ABSTRAK vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii
LIST OF SYMBOLS xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES xiv
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Statement 1
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Scope of Work 2
1.5 Contribution 3
1.6 Project Report Outline 3
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Introduction of Oscilloscope 4
2.2 Digital Storage Oscilloscope Specification 5
2.3 Analog to Digital Convertor 6
2.4 Signal Processing Techniques 7
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2.5 Analog Signal Conditioning 11
2.6 System Design 12
2.7 Summary 13
3 METHODOLOGY 14
3.1 Proposed Project Methodology 14
3.2 Hardware Design 15
3.2.1 Microprocessor Selection 15
3.2.2 Analog Component Selection 16
3.2.3 PCB layout design 20
3.3 Software Design 23
3.3.1 Operating System Selection 23
3.3.2 Development Software Selection 23
3.3.3 Application Development 24
3.4 Summary 26
4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULT AND DISCUSSION 27
4.1 Simulation Result 27
4.2 Experimental Result 29
4.3 Summary 34
5 CONCLUSION 35
5.1 Conclusion 35
5.2 Suggestion for Future Works 36
REFERENCES 37
APPENDIX A 44-63
ix
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE 3.1 Top free PCB layout software 21 3.2 Pricing for commercial charting component libraries 24
x
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE
2.1 Basic block diagram of DSO 5
2.2 ADCs ENOB and sample rate 7
2.3 Successive sample averaging 8
2.4 Successive capture averaging 9
2.5 Decimation based on successive sample averaging 10
2.6 Equivalent sampling scheme 11
2.7 Analog signal conditioning 12
2.8 Oscilloscope design 13
3.1 Basic block diagram of oscilloscope 15
3.2 Raspberry Pi2 Model B top view and GPIO 16
3.3 SPI transfer modes 17
3.4 Analog circuit diagram 19
3.5 DC/DC circuit for typical -5V output 19
3.6 DC/DC circuit for -5V output with charge pump
technique 20
3.7 Schematic of design in PCBweb 22
3.8 PCB layout of design in PCBweb 22
3.9 Application flow chart 25
3.10 Application Layout. 25
4.1 DC coupled circuit simulation result 26
4.2 AC coupled circuit diagram 27
4.3 AC coupled circuit simulation result 28
4.4 VGA off state output capture 29
4.5 VGA on state with +/- 1.5V 50Hz signal output
capture 30
4.6 50Hz and 25Hz 3.3V square wave capture 31
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4.7 50Hz 3.3V square wave normal mode capture 31
4.8 50Hz 3.3V square wave averaging mode capture 32
4.9 50Hz 3.3V square wave Hi-Res mode capture 32
4.10 500Hz 3.3V square wave normal mode capture 33
4.11 5000Hz 3.3V square wave ETS mode capture 33
4.12 Supply rail capture 34
xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
DSO - Digital Storage Oscilloscope
ADC - Analog-to-Digital Converter
SOC - System On Chips
I2C - Inter IC
SPI - Serial Peripheral Interface
UART - Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
CAN - Controller Area Network
SENT - Single Edge Nibble Transmission
LIN - Local interconnect network
DAC - Digital-to-Analog Converter
PWM - Pulse Width Modulator
IC - Integrate Circuit
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
HDMI - High-Definition Multimedia Interface
GPIO - General-purpose input/output
VGA - Variable Gain Amplifier
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
xiii
LIST OF SYMBOLS
Δ - Delta
Hz - Hertz
dB - Decibel
Ω - Ohms
xiv
LIST OF APPPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE PAGE
A Application Code 37
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) have started appear in the early 1970s.
Since then DSO developed to a point that replaced the analog oscilloscope in market
[4] [5] [8]. Analog input signal converted to digital and stored in memory to be
processed and display in DSO. Thus the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is heart
of DSO. Typically DSO will have two or four analog channels.
1.2 Problem Statement
Use four analog channels DSO to study behavior of many modern intelligent
sensors or System On Chips (SOC) become difficult as many of them contain more
than four signals. Example, the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) SOC
MPC5775K offers I2C, CAN, SPI, SENT, LIN, DAC, FlexRay and FlexPWM which
2
need more than four channels to debug [1]. Beside this, analyze seven channel audio
applications, multiple power supply rails sequencing monitoring, and Mutli-sensor
system also requires more than four channels [2]. Most of DSO in market offers
either two or four analog channels capability. An eight channels standalone DSO is
costly.
1.3 Objectives
The objective of this project is to study DSO analog block, digital block,
signal processing, and display and design eight channels digital storage oscilloscope
prototype.
1.4 Scope of Work
There are a few things that have to be highlighted to ensure this project is
done within the scope of the objective. Scopes of work are:
i. Digital system design involves microprocessor selection from IC and
processor technology and peripherals.
ii. Analogue system design involves op-amp, filter and ADC selection.
iii. Signal conditioning techniques covers attenuation, amplification and
filtering.
3
iv. Prototype of the oscilloscope will be targeted for lower sample rate or
lower frequency input signal to reduce cost of this project.
1.5 Contribution
Exploit signal conditioning and processing techniques used for eight channels
DSO and develop prototype of DSO with eight channels.
1.6 Project Report Outline
This report is a document for master project in Electrical - Electronic and
Telecommunication Engineering. The report is organized in the following manner.
Chapter 1 describes introduction, problem statement and objectives of the
projects. The project’s scope also stated in Chapter 1.
Chapter 2 summarized the literature review of DSO, it's signal processing,
analog signal conditioning and system design.
Chapter 3 explains in detail project methodology and design of the DSO.
Chapter 4 is about the results and analysis had been made.
Chapter 5 concludes the proposed design and some suggestion given for
future improvement.
37
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