Eighth GradeTest

1

Hint: From Levels of Organization in the Human Body

TISSUE

meridianlifestyle.blogspot.com/2008/05/human-body htm

A group of cells that work together form a ____ ?

3

The basic units of structure & function in the human body are _______?

CELLS https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/science-behind/genetics-overview

2

Circulatory &

Respiratory Systems

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect20.ht

The systems that deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide to and from cells in our bodies are the ____ & ___?

4

This structure directs the activities in a cell.

notesforpakistan.blogspot.com/2010/10/structure-and-function-of-nucleus-in.htm

5

These carry messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

nerveshttp://www.pennmedicine.org/health_info/body_guide/reftext/html/nerv_sys_fin.htm

6

Which organ systems help fight disease ?

•immune & circulatory systems

http://creationwiki.org/Lymphatic_syste

7

A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring are called a what ?

species http://journals.worldnomads.com/mattwilkins/photo/43014/972415/South-Africa/A-trio-of-elephants-3-generations-Taken-in-the-Garden-Route-SA#axzz2kT2nTcuA

8

A few organisms got to the Galapagos Islands from the mainland. This was observed by what scientist?

Charles Darwin

http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2010/02/04/charles_drawn_origins_revealed_by_dna_tests/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_of Charles Darwin

←At time of Beagle voyage

9

Similar structures that related species have inherited are called what ?

● homologous structures (homo means same)

http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/NatSci/images/convergent.htm

10

Two organisms that look similar as an early embryo are probably … ?

… evolved from a common ancestorhttp://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iii/organic-evolution/evidences-evolution.php

11

What characteristic of finches showed that they adapted to the foods they ate ?

their beaks

http://ncam.wgbh.org/experience_learn/educational_media/stemdx/exi

12

What does a plant (autotroph) produce in photosynthesis?

sugar (glucose)&

oxygen (O2)

http://www.giglig.com/family/education/what-is-photosynthes

13

WHAT IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

The plant cell uses energy from sunlight to make food (sugar).

http://www.giglig.com/family/education/what-is-photosynthes

14

• MOST BIOTIC (LIVING) THINGS NEED THIS PHOTOSYNTHESIS PRODUCT TO SURVIVE.

http://godish.com/channels/english/oxygen.as

15

Heterotrophs (animals) benefit from photosynthesis because . . . ?

. . . they get food from the plants.

http://www.sheknows.com/home-and-gardening/articles /create-a-pest free garden

16

Respiration is ????• glucose being

broken down to release energy

• opposite of photosynthesis

http://newunderthesunblog.wordpress.com/photosynthesis-and-respiration

17

Simply explain the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration.

• OpPoSiTe Equations!!!• Respiration is the opposite equation of photosynthesis.• Photosynthesis uses energy to produce glucose.• Respiration uses glucose to release energy.

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

photosynthesisenergy in

energy out

respiration←

18

Problem• Two liquids - very similar.• How may we tell them

apart in the laboratory?

Answer

• Try heating them up and observing when they boil.

http://science.taskermilward.org.uk/mod1/KS3%20Cover/Cover%206.ht

19

Problem:• Sometimes we need to

study not one but several characteristics of a substance. WHY?

• Can you give an example?

Answer:• Some substances have

many characteristics in common.

Example: powdered sugar, flour, baking powder and baking soda are all soft white powders.

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tqx9bpKygus/Tzjs4LJ_ykI/AAAAAAAAnB0/I3iCIsOCU6A/s1600/white%2Bpowders.JPG

20

An object has this measurement due to the force of gravity . . . . . .

W E I G H T

21

The amount of matter that is in something is its what ?

•masshttp://www.mathematicsdictionary.com/english/vmd/full/m/mass.ht

22

• I am the smallest part of an element that is still that element.•atom

http://www.mrkscience.com/planbook/Physical%20Sci.%202010-11/March11.ht

23

• These examples show new substances being formed.

• What is this type of change?

Chemical Change

http://www.ric.edu/faculty/ptiskus/chemical

fireworks

www.learner.com

rusty nail

http://padillasjournals.edublogs.org/files/2011/05/FriedEgg-220v87n.jp

fried egg

vinegar & baking soda reacting

http://colet.pbworks.com/w/page/Pancakes%20(Chemical%20changes)

baked goods

http://www.harpercollege.edu/tm-ps/chm/100/dgodambe/thedisk/chemrxn/signs2.ht

color change

→←

24

• These examples show a substance changing its form or state of matter only.

• What is this type of change?

Physical Change

←tearing paper

http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/standard/chemistry/elementsandreactions/chemical_reactions

http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/physicalsci/session4/closer1.ht

ice melting

http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/physicalsci/session4/closer1.ht

25

When the distance between two objects is changing, it is in . . .

•MOTION

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Newtows cradle

26

We use the METRIC system (SI) in science. SI = Scientific International• Which is a measure of

length in the metric or SI system? meter

http://www.dickblick.com/products/westcott-thru-aluminum-yardmeter-stick

27

Speed formula ????

http://www.racemath.info/motionandenergy/speed.ht

28

MOTION is graphed by plotting distance and ?

Timehttp://www.mentorials.com/high-school-physics-rest-and-motion-speed-and-distance.htm

29

How fast or slow something is moving.• The steepness

of the slope in a graph on motion shows what?

http://www.vacationhomerentals.com/vacation-rentals/Lake-Arrowhead-California-vacation-rental-cabin-proID-.ht

http://www.rotinrice.com/cheese-fondue/

30

• JOULES

Energy is measured in units called ?

http://en.wikipedia.orgi/Joule

31

What is energy of motion called?

•kinetic energy

http://astronomyonline.org/Science/KineticEnergy.as

http://physics.tutorcircle.com/energy/types-of-energy.ht

32

IF KINETIC ENERGY OF AN OBJECT INCREASES . . .• Are mass and velocity proportional

or indirectly proportional to that energy?

• Answer: Proportional or positively correlated.

• According to the formula, as the energy increases so do the mass and velocity.

Try setting upthe formula and plugging in some numbers.

Albert Einstein

If E = ½ mv2 the m and the v are also on the top part of the equation like the E, so they are positively correlated. That means as one increases or decreases, so does the other!

33

Rub your hands together.• What is the friction energy

called and what type of energy is it being converted to?

• The rubbing is mechanical energy (movement) and is converted to thermal energy (heat).

http://www.mikecurtis.org.uk/ks2_friction.ht

34

Chemical potential energy of burning fossil fuels converts to what kind of energy?

• Thermal energy

http://www.greenribbonschools.org/activity-detail.php?id=1096&resId

35

Coal, a fossil fuel, stores ___________ energy.

• https://www.cdli.ca/courses/ep/predesign/t03/02knowledge-skills/act

• chemical potential energy

36

Which illustration(s) show kinetic energy?

1 ↑

4 ↑

http://www.tutorvista.com/physics/examples-of-kinetic-energy

http://science.jrank.org/kids/pages/50/KINETIC-VS-POTENTIAL-ENERGY.html

http://www.ehow.com/how_4517200_calculate-kinetic-energy-joules.html

http://isci.greenwich.wikispaces.net/Farnum+-+Energy+Transformations

3 ←

2 ↑

All of them!

37

• stored energy.

Kinetic energy is energy of motion, potential energy is . . .

http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Potential_energy.as

38

• When

height is part of the potential energy equation, what type of energy are we observing?• gravitational potential energy

Old Man in the Mountain New Hampshire

THE PHOTOGRAPH ABOVE SHOWS IT BEFORE FALLING!

http://daniellehunter.wordpress.com/2011/08/21/old-man-on-the-mount

http://gonewengland.about.com/

39

•Energy can neither be created nor destroyed!

What is the law of conservation of energy ?

http://www.kidsahead.com

40

Geologists can observe the Earth’s interior by . . . ?

• recording and analyzing seismic waves.

http://web.ics.purdue.edu

41

What was Wegener’s hypothesis about our continents?

http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/outreach/animations/anim_pangaea/Resources/anim_pangaea.mov

The continents were once a single land mass that drifted apart called continental drift.

42

•What is the name given to our continents when they were one land mass?

Pangea

http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/Gsc101/Plate.html

43

SonarThis was a technology used in the mid-1900’s to map the mid-ocean ridge.

http://www.divediscover.whoi.edu/tools/sonar-singlebeam.html

44

•When the sea-floor spreads, molten material erupts (rises) from what part of the mantle?

…along the mid-ocean ridge!

www.daviddarling.info

45

• How do we know that rocks further away from the mid-ocean ridge are older than those near it?

• We determine the age of the rocks that have been drilled up in those areas.

www.newark.osu.edu

46

subduction

•What is the process called where the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle?

• www.zmescience.com

Sub means below

47

Old oceanic crust is more dense than new crust. Why?

It has cooled down. Cooler molecules are closer together and therefore more dense.

forum.spore.com

48

… convection currents in the asthenosphere.

• The movement of Earth’s plates are probably caused by what?

nees.org

49

The geological theory that states that pieces of the Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion is the theory of ___?

• plate tectonics.

volcanoes.usgs.gov

50

What is the longest chain of mountains in the world?

the mid-ocean ridgewww.scientificamerican.com