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EII: UKRAINE’S ENVIRONMENT AND SD TRENDS Anna Golubovska-Onisimova, UNENGO MAMA-86 European Integration Index presentation Chisinau, 21 November 2012
EII: UKRAINE’S ENVIRONMENT AND SD TRENDS
Anna Golubovska-Onisimova,UNENGO MAMA-86
European Integration Index presentation Chisinau, 21 November 2012
TOWARDS GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN EAP COUNTRIES
• 2001 EaP SCF WG3 Report of 14 expert of 6 EaP countries• Assessed 7 areas: 1) Strenghtening cooperation with EU 2)
Strengthening administrative structures and procedures 3) Developing strategies, plans and programmes 4) Ensuring environmental policy integration (promoting SD) 5) Strenghtening structure and procedures to conduct EIA 6) Improving access to info and PP 7) Cooperation on SEIS
• Based on WWF IPO methodology for ENP Action Plans assessment(2008-2009)
• Discussed by expert groups and WG3 during 2 meetings• Presented in March 2012 in Kyiv using skype technology• Sent to all EaP countries EU delegations
TOWARDS GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN EAP COUNTRIES
• Azerbaijan 48,8% - 4• Armenia 58,2% - 1• Belarus 35,4% - 5• Georgia 21,3% - 6• Moldova 56,7% - 2• Ukraine 50,7% - 3
EII: ENVIRONMENT AND SD PILLAR
External incentives continue to be the major drive for reforms where the EU is the number one. Complimentary information is provided by EII.• 2011-2012, 8 experts of 6 EaP countries• Sector specific assessment. Questions covered 1) environmental
policy (incl MEAs) 2) sustainable development policy 3) resource efficiency 4) Climate change 5) pressure to/ state of environment 6) sustainable development and trade
• Helped to make a link between policy and state of environment/ resource efficiency
• Good exercise to integrate environment and sustainable development into multitopic CSO research
INDICATORS CHOICE• Priorities of ENP SD&environmental objectives• Basic requirements of SD Summits• Key prerequisite of obligatory EPI• Eastern Partnership Flagship initiative on good
governance (admin. str., SEIS, MEAs –AC, Espoo) • Key elements of AA (FTA, SBS in Environment)• The data should be available in each of 6 country • Major environmental performance indicators
ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
TOTAL 0,61 0,76 0,53 0,56 0,61 0,53
Environmental policy UA MD BY GE AR AZ
Strategy and Action plan on National environmental policy. Is it adopted by the Parliament/ Government? Yes/ No 1,00 0,70 0,50 0,00 0,80 0,10
Environmental policy integration. Is it demanded by National legislation? Yes/ No 1,00 0,70 0,00 0,80 0,90 0,50
Action Plan on joining Shared Environmental Information System (EEA). Is it adopted by the Government? Yes/No/Under preparation
0,70 0,10 0,50 0,50 0,80 0,00
Which regional and global Environmental Conventions and Protocols your country signed, ratified and accessed? 0,90 0,80 0,68 0,60 0,70 0,60
Established facts of non-compliance with main conventions and protocols with compliance mechanismESPOO 0,00 1,00 0,50 n/a 0,00 1,00Aarhus 0,00 1,00 0,00 1,00 0,00 1,00Kyoto Protocol 0,50 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00
MEAs Implementation plans and Annual Reports Yes/No 0,50 1,00 0,70 0,70 1,00 0,00
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
• Moldova is leading on EPI, thus on topic• Ukraine recently adopted new Env Strategy and
NEAP as required by Association Agenda• But – 3 non-compliance in 2011, one withdrawn• Armenia is the only country ratified SEA• Georgia adopted 2nd generation of NEAP• MEAs: Ukraine is leading in number, but behind in
reporting and compliance (active public phenomena)
ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable development policy UA MD BY GE AR AZ
Has a National Strategy of Sustainable Development been adopted and implemented? Yes/No/Under preparation 0,00 0,70 0,00 0,00 0,50 0,50
Is there an institutional mechanism for sustainable development policy coordination? Yes/No/Under preparation
0,30 0,70 0,00 0,50 0,70 0,50
Has a policy of sustainable consumption and production (under 10 Year Framework of Programmes) been adopted? Yes/No/Under preparation
0,50 0,70 0,30 0,30 0,50 0,00
SD and Trade UA MD BY GE AR AZ
Membership in ILO conventions Number 1,00 0,50 0,60 0,20 0,30 0,80
Is there an EU-compatible mechanism for prevention of illegal unreported and unofficial fishery? Yes/ No 0,50 1,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
Control of legality of trade in forestry Yes/ No 1,00 1,00 0,00 1,00 0,50
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY • No NSDS, except Armenia (recently ratified
programme)• NSDC are not functional (except Armenia),
though are established in majority • 10-years SCP policy framework is planned• Ukraine ratified 69 ILO Conventions, 60 are in
force, Moldova – 42 and 40• Only Moldova adopted law against illegal fishery• Control of legal trade in forestry is a bit better
ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Climate change UA MD BY GE AR AZ
Compliance with international commitments in the context of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto ProtocolNational Actions Plan on climate change mitigation: Yes/No 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,00 0,00National Actions Plan on climate change adaptation: Yes/No 0,00 0,50 0,30 1,00 1,00 0,00Are National Communications being sent regularly? Yes/No. 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00Was the most recent sent to FCCC Secretariat in 2009-2010? 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00
Was it approved by the Convention secretariat? Yes/No 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00
Development of policy framework: National framework policy (Strategy, Doctrine) on Climate change is adopted? Yes/No
0,30 0,10 0,50 0,10 0,00 1,00
RESOURCE EFFICIENCY
Resource efficiency, pressure to/ state of environment 0,32 0,55 0,74 0,59 0,50 0,49
Resources efficiency UA MD BY GE AR AZ
Water Exploitation Index (water withdrawal as percent of annual long-term water resources) % (EU-27: 13,2)
0,5215,6
0,788,6
1,002,8
0,924,9
0,0029,3
0,0129
Waste intensity: generation of industrial, hazardous waste (total per year), kg/GDP unit (mln USD) 0,00 1,00 0,68 0,92 0,95 ?
Waste intensity: municipal waste (total per year), kg/per capita 0,17 0,17 0,50 1,00 0,92 0,00
Share of municipal waste recycled: in % (EU-27: 22,6) 0,545-8
0,081
1,0012
0,000
0,030,4
0,000
PRESSURE TO/ STATE OF ENVIRONMENT
Pressure to/ state of environment UA MD BY GE AR AZ
Ratio between GHG emission reduction during last reporting period and the reduction potential ? 0,90 1,00 0,00 0,21 0,24
Share of non-treated waste waters in annual waste waters discharge % 0,82 0,70 1,00
1,10 0,42 0,0043,9 0,94
Per capita SO2 emissions, kg 0,00 0,93 0,57 0,92 0,81 1,00
Per capita, NOx emmissions, kg 0,00 0,69 0,11 0,80 0,89 1,00
Share of forest area, % (EU-27: 33%) 0,2517,6
0,0010
1,0041 0,96 0,00 0,03
Share of nature protected area, % (EU-27: 17%) 0,245,7
0,004,3 0,58 0,46 0,88
9,51,0010,2
Eroded soil, share of territory, % (EU-27: 17%) 0,0057,5
0,8226
1,00119,3 0,64 0,36 0,55
Pesticides input, kg/ha (EU-27: 3) 1,000,5-1
0,51 2,79
0,484,9 0,00 0,99 0,67
RESOURCE EFFICIENCY, PRESSURE TO/ STATE OF ENVIRONMENT
• 12 indicators shown: Belarus has the best environmental situation, followed by Gerogia and Moldova, and Ukraine – the worst
• The result correlates with Yale University Environmental Performance Index
• Total annual volume of municipal waste p. c. is still lower than in EU-27 (< consumption)
• Soil erosion is very high, Ukraine is leading• Natural protected areas are too small
TOTAL INDEX ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT UA MD BY GE AR AZ
0,47 0,66 0,64 0,57 0,56 0,51
Despite some success in policy elaboration and international cooperation, all EaP countries lag behind in resource efficiency, and state of/ impact to environment (environmental performance).
Ukraine as the biggest country in Europe in territory inherited heavy environemntal consequences from USSR (heavy industry and conventional agriculture). One of the reason to explain the largest gap among EaP countries between modern environemntal policy and modest so far success in its implementation.
TOWARDS GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN EAP COUNTRIES
• The latest public administration reforms weaken administrative structures and procedures (10218)
• Strategic planning (and reporting) was improved in advanced AA negotiating countries (SBS indicators)
• Environmental policy integration is generally not backed up with legislation (SEA Pr – Armenia)
• Deregulation leads to elimination of EIA procedure (fracking)• Mechanisms and procedures for PP are absent • SEIS potential for improving the quality of information for
EDM could be used better (env. data collection – EaP Roadmap)
