Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Biogas from ... · Appendix 1: Definitions. Anaerobic...

Eindhoven University of Technology

MASTER

Biogas from sisal waste : a new opportunity for the sisal industry in Tanzania

Oudshoorn, Leo P.K.

Award date:1995

Link to publication

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Appendices

Appendix 1: Definitions.

Anaerobic digestion

The biologica! breakdown of organic matter in the absence of air.

Appropriate technology

Technology which causes effects in correspondence with the motives for which the technology bas been brought into action.

Biogas

Gas formed during the anaerobic digestion of organic materiaL It consists of methane and carbon dioxide and usually a small amount of hydrogen sulphide.

Biological Oxygen Demand

An indirect measure of the concentration of biologically degradable material present in organic wastes. It is the amount of oxygen used by aerobic bacteria when allowed to degrade the organic matter in the preserree of air at a constant temperature for a specific time.

Break even point

The equilibrium point at which sales revenues equal the casts of products sold. In terros of physical units:

In terros of sales revenue:

BEP= FC SP-VC

BEP=SP FC SP-VC

FC Annual total fixed casts including interest charges; SP Selling price per unit of output; VC Variabie casts per unit of output.

Chemical Oxygen Demand

An indirect measure of the amount of oxygen required to degrade the organic matter in water chemically. It is a measure of both the biodegradable portion and the portion of the waste which can only be oxidised chemically.

1.1

Decortication

The process by which the fibre is extracted from the sisal leave.

DRC analysis

Compares the net returns to dornestic factors of production valued in foreign exchange (after the cost ofimports has been deducted) totheir dornestic 'scarcityvalue'. The DRC ratio is the scarcity value of dornestic factors of production divided by the foreign returns to these factors, both in dornestic prices (it is the inverted International Competitiveness, given in the 'Manual for evaluation of industrial projects').

DRC Indicator of competitiveness; DR Dornestic resource inputs; FI Foreign-exchange inflow; FO Foreign-exchange outflow;

•

DRC DR

FI-FO

The ratio's size depends on the exchange rate used. The lower the DRC ratio, the more competitive a country's exports. An 'economie' DRC ratio of one or less means that the product can compete effectively on the world market Financial DRC's are calculated at the official exchange rate, and market prices and costs as currently observed.

Dry-decortication

The operation of a decorticator without using water to push away the pulp during the process, but washing the fibre after the process with a relatively small amount of water.

Internal rate of return

The rate of discount at which the net present value of benefits equals the net present value of the costs. The IRR can be found when the following equation is solved.

n n

.L Qt(l +r)-t= .L C,(l +rr' t=O t=O

Q Revenues; C Costs; r Discount rate; t Time (year).

1.2

Net present value

The difference between the present value of benefits (revenues) and the present value of the costs.

n n

NPV=E Qt(l+rrt-E ct(l+rrt t=O t=O

Net national value added

An index of the contribution of a project to the national economy.

n n

NNVA=E Ot(l+SRD)-1-L (MI+I+RP>t(l+SRD)-t t=O t=O

NNV A Net national value added; 0 Value of the output; MI Value of material inputs and services purchased from outside the project; I Investment; RP Repatriated payments; SRD Social rate of discount.

Organic loading rate

The amount of COD applied per unit of reactor volume per day.

Pay-back period

The time required for the cash income of a project to return the initial investment.

p

I="' F +D (12.1) L." t t t=O

I Total investment; t Time (year); p Pay-back period; F Annual net profits; D Annual depreciation; F + D Annual net cash earnings.

1.3

Physical infrastructure

The system of roads, railways, waterways, harbours, airports, electdeal installations and other provisions for energy supply.

Technology

The total of physical facilities, human abilities, documented facts and organizational framework.

Technological capacity

Technological capacity is related to the starage of knowledge within a country ('technology stock'), in bath quantitative and qualitative sense. This stock should supply the country with enough skilis to not only enable it to select the most appropriate technology, to master it and adapt it to local circumstances, but also generate new technologies itself.

Technological self-reliance

Acquiring the capability for autonomous decision making, exercising full control over one's own destiny and using an international perspective indecision making, minimising the influence of external factors determining soci-economic development.

Total solids

The residue remaining when the water is evaporated away from the waste and dried at 110 °C.

Volatile solids

The portion of the total solids which is driven off as volatile gases when the sample is heated to 600 oe.

Waste availability

The amount of waste produced during dry-decortication, without diluting with water for washing the fibre. This amount is smaller than the actual amount of waste available for digestion.

Wet-decortication

The operation of a decorticator by which large quantities of water are used to push away the pulp during the process.

1.4

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Appendix 4: Fibre and waste production on the TSA estates

Fibre production in Tanzania

Fibre production at TSA estates

Fibre and waste production at Gomba Mwenge estate

Fibre and waste production at Kibaranga estate

Fibre and waste production at Kilosa estate

Fibre and waste production at Kimamba estate

Fibre and waste production at Kitisa estate

Fibre and waste production at Kumburu estate

Fibre and waste production at Magoma Kulasi estate

Fibre and waste production at Magunga estate

Fibre and waste production at Mruazi Hale estate

Fibre and waste production at Muheza Mkumbi estate

Fibre and waste production at Mwelya Usambara estate

Fibre and waste production at Myombo estate

Fibre and waste production at Ngombezi estate

Fibre and waste production at Pangawe Kingolwira estate

Fibre and waste production at Ubena Zomozi estate

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.5

4.7

4.9

4.11

4.13

4.15

4.17

4.19

4.21

4.23

4.25

4.27

4.29

4.31

4.33

260

240 -

220 -

200 r-

~ 180 r-L

0 Q) )"\ 160 -

~~ UJ UJ c-o 0 c 140 -+' 0

~"---./ UJ • ::J tv=o 120 r-

,Q -'= +'f-u'---/ ::J 100 f--o 0 L

o_ 80 -

60 -

40 f-

20 f-

0

><

x

Fibre production 1n Tonzonio

x [X

>< x

x x

x x

x

:x :x :x [X rx

:x >< x x

XXI><>< >< x

>< :x :x x

><IX XXIX ><

><X XX

IX ><i><>< :x >< rx

X XX XXX >< >< >< >< >< [X

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x

x :XX

x

><><>< Xtx><x><:X><>< :X><>< x :x :x :x ~ x ><

XX7 ><XX >< >< >< x >< >< x ><

>< ><

><

x:x:x

XX >< x ><

x x

:x >< x

:x ><

>< x x I><

XIXXIX IX -x- V( .:x- ,x, -xx .)(, ,)(, .)(,

><

x

x .)(,x x x -» .:x- -x: .:x: -:x- x -x-·><- x.;; x x

''' ,, '' '' W X .:X X X- .:X.

><:X ><x ><x

x x

x ><

>< :x

Xt><XIX:XIX x .x -x x x -x. -x- x x .x- ,;x; :x; :x: :;.:;. :x: -x

:X[X:X[X:X[X:X ><><><>< [X x >< x ,, '' ,, ,, ' -XX. -)(,,)(,,X.X-Y<,-X,.,X, .X--X.·X.

rx rx

XIX X

>< x >< x >< x

><

7 :x

>< >< :x ><

><

>< x >< x ><

1 I 11 1111111111 1 I rl1 1111111 1111

111 I 1 I 1 I 1 I 1 I 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 1

1935 1945 1975 1985 1993

~ L

0 Q)

>--, ~~

UJ UJ cu 0 c

+-' 0 ~'-/ UJ • :J w::o .2 _c +-'f-u'-/ :J u 0 L

Q_

Fibre production ot TSA estotes

70 ~----------------------------------------------~

1 0

1980 1990 Yeor

é', L

0 QJ >-~é',

(!) (!)

.J:o. cu .J:o. 0 c

+-' 0 '-._./(!)

c ::J 0 0 ·- _c +-'f-u'-._./ ::J u 0 L

Q_

Fibre production ot TSA estotes

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1980 1990 2000 :2C;08 Yeor

Fibre production ot Gombo lv1wenge estote

3

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.2 ~

L 2 0 ())

>, ~~ 1 .8

(fJ (fJ

cu 0 c 1 .6

+o-00 • (fJ

~ ~~ ~~ r-----~vm~~r-ur----------------------------------------~x~~~~~~~~~~--~

~~~~ x~~ ~ ~

VI c :J 0 0 1.4 ·- _c -~-'I-u'---/ 1 .2 :J u 0 L

~ ~ RSS ~~~ ~ f----1XX >( ~ r-------------------------------------1Nx g ~ ~ ~r------------1

~ ~~ ~g ~> ~ >< ><x ><ç;.; ~ ><

J_

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

1990 2C; Yeor

Waste production ot Gombo Mwenge estote

160

150

140

130

120

~ 1 1 0 ~ 0 u 100 "' " (fJ

c 90 0 +'

'-.___/

~ 80 ·c 00

+' 70 u :::J u 60 0 L

Q_ 50

40 t~

30

20

10

0

:: ~~ .

:t ~ ~ r- r- r-

~ ~ ~~

2CCl~3

1994 1996 1998 2CClO 2C;Cl6

~ L

0 (j)

>-' '-~

(f) (f)

cv 0 c

......, 0 ~"'--"(/} ~ c ::J

0 0 ·- .L -+-'f-v"--" ::J v 0 L

(L

Fibre production

10

9

8

7 )<

6

5

4

3

2

0

at Kiboronao estote J

~ ~ ~;.: 7. >< )<

:'i

)<

x

~ ~ ~ ~

>< ~ >< x ~ ~ ~ >< ><

~

1990 2000 :2008 Yeor

Waste production ot Kiborongo esotote

450

400

350

~

300 >, 0 u ~

Ij)

c 250 0 +-'

'--.__/

.J::o. Od=

0 200 +-'

u :J u 0 \._

150 [l_

100

50

~§ '1 r ~~ ~~ ~ / ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ >< ~ ~

~ ~x f ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~x ~- i Y ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ -

m _ .~ ~ f ~ , ~ , ç ;ç

l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ C' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ x ~ ~ ~ f . ~~ ~ ~ ~ - -~ ~ ~ ~· ~ - -~

, ;; ~ ~ x x

~ y<~ y<

x x:

x x;

~. x ~. ~ ~ :~

IL 1 )<

x ~ ~ &2> . ~~ .· ~ -

- ~~ r- r- -

m ~ ~l ~ )< ~ ,x

x ~ ~ ~ ;~ ;x > l'x y l"x ;x ;ex

I I I I 1 9

1

99 I 2CCl I 1993 1995 1997 2\):=n 2C;Cl5 l '1('1)7 L J .-.

0

1994 1996 1998 2000 Yeor

~ L

0 Q) >., ~~

Ij] Ij]

c u 0 c

+-' 0 '-.../Ij]

ft :::J "00 ·- _c +'fu'-.../ :::J u 0 L

0__

Fibre production ot Kiloso estote

1.7 ~-------------------------,

1995 1997 î Cj~)Cj :2C;C) I 2C;C)~) 2CC!:) 2C;:J7 ur

~

>, 0 \J ~

(j)

c 0

~

u :::J \J 0 L

ll

Waste production ot Kiloso estote

90 ,------~~~~~~~~~~--------,

~~ ~--------~~-----~~ ~vv<l--1~1----f'A~>vVV<l'{-":x" -I"V'Vrv<r-Vv: ~X-JV<!--~ KXI/V' 1 ~1XJ<l--iX~ ..>VV<I-~ -1>VV<v:~xr--PV<1 ~.X/1---~ ----1

~ ~ ~ 6 0 f------~~~----i/XxXf--uy'/'xf--!XxAXX!---IX/YXf---i>('>(':/'A---!x~:>d---lXX'>(Xf---IX'xXXf-----I<Xxi--------1

5 0 i---~~~--fx><xXxXxl-+?Y'N--fx\.:><x><xt---fxXA\.:l--f/S~lY"xl---fx§ GX/\?'xH,?<,('\. ~~§ -fxXxV~'vl--f/x'~'Y\J----------1

I

40 i----~~------{AAAx-I.AAAx-I.AAA AA"'AAA

30 f-----------~-----------t'v'>< ~~~-l'VV'v'!----t'Y'x~~VYt---tVYX~----1 ;x

2 0 f-----------{>(/(J\)<J---IXXX)<}-KXX)<}-{>(XX)<J---IX.X,)v1----J/\XX)<)--fx,/-f./t-fX"x__x.__xt-fXf.i".,xt-fx./8V:</f---tX"-X'-"j't---tx,}".-'\/t-f:<,;X,,x,xt-fx_}<,;x,xt-fx"x'x__xt---------l

;; ·~ ~ ~ ~ ~0 , , 'S: s:

o~~~· ~-~~~@~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~»~ 19

1

94 I 191

96 I 191

98 2C1

CIO 2C:D4 2(~1

Clö 2C:D~:3

10

1 995 1997 I <jfJSJ 2C;Cl I 2C:D~S 2C) 2C::=I7 Yec1r

,-.., \._

0 (j)

~ ~,-..,

(jJ (jJ

cu 0 c +' 0 ~(j)

~6 , _ _c +'r-u'-.__/ ::J u 0 \._

[L

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

0

Fibre production ot Kimambo estote

197(1 1980 1990 2000 2008 or

Waste production ot Kinlombo estote

320

300

280

260

240

,-.., 220 ~ 0 u 200 ~

(j)

c 180 0

-+-' .J::o,."--" 160 qs

-+-' 140 u :J u 120 0 \._

Q_ 100

80

60

40

20

0 2CCl3 2C;Cl5

1994 1996 1998 2CClO 2C:Cl6

~ L

0 I]) >, ~~

(j) (j)

cu 0 c ~ 0

f-'(j)

~6 ·- _c ~~u'-.___/ =:l u 0 L

o_

Fibre production ot ~<itiso estote

1990 2C; pC;08 Yeor

Waste production ot Kitlso state

90

"' 60 ::>., 0 lJ ~

(/)

~y 'y ~g ex . ;;:r,;x çx r,;x;;:

~ .. ~~ ~ ~ ~ 1 . ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ § & f: ~ à~··~~ ~>(0h

80

70

c 50 0 +-' ~

~ 40 ·-+-'

u ~

lJ 0 L 30 CL

~. ~~~~ ~~~ ~x

y r ; ~ §- ~~- ~ - Q ~ x

7C ~ ·~. ~.. ~ '~ ~ ~:; ~ ~>(

. ~ ~f Ë~ ::

y

f -~- -~~- ~- ~- - - ~ . ~ ~ t § ~~ Xy . ~ ~0~~~~ ~: ~ 8~ ~< :'•~· ~ ~~ I

1 9 9 7 1 ~I S~T~~J 9 r 2 C :] I ï'

1993 1995 2C::J~3 2C;C)5 2C)()7

20

10

0

1994 1996 1998 2t)C)0 2C 2C04 2006 2C08 Yeqr

3

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.2 ~

L 2 0 QJ >" ~~ 1.8

ij] ij]

cu 0 c 1.6 +' 0 ~ij]

ct6 1.4 ·- s= ~t::- 1.2 ::J u 0 L

0_

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

Flbre production ot Kumburu estote

x ~x ~» ~RS »~ Q~ 7 7)

)< ~ g )< ~ ~ ~ -:;:< ')< ): x ): 7) > ~~~)<~)< ~ ~ )<

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ): ~ g ):

><X ~~ B< ~~x~~ x ::x R2 ~~Q~ ~~ ~ ~ :;>XX)< X> )< )<

> ~ X::X ): ~ ~~ ~ ~ ·»

~~~~ ~ ~ [x~ :ç; R2 R; >~ "" 'X ')<

·r I I I I I I I I I

1S7Q 1980 1990 200(; Yeor

)< :s x:X

~ ~~/t-"~~:'HVf~---1

~ ~ ~ ): ~ ): x

Waste production ot Kumburu estote

150

140

130

120

1 1 0

~

:>, 100 0

-u ~ 90

UJ c 0 80 -f-)

~

~ 70 -f-)

u ::J 60 -u 0 L 50 Q_

40

30

20

1 0

0 m ~~ ~~ t~~ ~ ~~ w~m- ~x , ~ : E~ :'A----1x;'~:/':X:'~

1993 1 191

95 1 1997 1999 ·r 2CC!'I 2():=!3 2C;C!5 I 2C(J7 1994 1996 1998 2CC!O 2CC!2 2CC!4 2GC!6 2C08

Yeqr

Fibre production ot Mogomo Kulo estote

3.2

3

2.8

2.6 ~ ~ x

2.4

~ 2.2 L

0 (]) 2 >., ~~

(j] (j]

1 .8 cu 0 c

+-' 0 ~(j] 1 .6 ~~

1.4 ·- _c_ +'I-u'-._/ :=l u 1 .2 0 L

Cl_

" x~ 0~

> Xt--

~ R R ~ ~ ::x x: x x: x x: ~ ~ ~ x x: y R ~ ::x ::x 7' x ~ R x ~ x x

x ~ ~ ~ R x ~ ~ ~ > x ::x x: x: ~ ::x ::x x

> ,x ~ > ~ ~ > > ~ x ~ Q ~ Q Q ~ ~ Q "><

x )< ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 7> ~ x: xY x: v>:x x ::x ::x x

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

""::x R~~X)<~ ~ ~ ~ 7' x ::x ~ Q ~ ~ ~ ~ R ~

)0 ::x Q~~ ::x ex: > ~ ex 7 ::x ~ x x: Q >< ::x ~ ~ )<~/< >-v ex: ~ ~ ~t: > ~~~ ·~ ~~ )< ::x )< ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .x,

~ ~ ~ "• )< ~ ""::x ·» >()<X' > . X: x ::x x: x: x x: ·» r:V )\ x ,(") ~-< x >>i >~ ~ ~ > ~ ~ ::x ::x >' ~ ~ ::: x

~ > ~ x x :< )< )< >< >< ::x ::x ~ ::x x: >< ·» x > > > ~ ~ ~ \ ~ >-;, ~ ~:: ~? ~ )< ~ ~

~ )< ~ Q )< > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Q x ·» ::x )< >< >< ::x x: )< x: ::x

·X·

f~ ,x > 5< ~ >.X ·» r: ~ > )< ~~~ )< > > )< ;x: .x: ::x ·»

x~~ ~ ·» Q ::x ~ ç ,y, )(. x ·»

"'' t x IX' )< ,:x;. ,x,. :x )/ ·X ·X

f T r I I

I I I I I I I I I I ~ T l I

T' ·r T r T I

1970 1980 1990 C;:JI) 08 Yeor

Waste production ot Mogomo Kul, estote

120

1 1 0

100

90

~

80 ~ 0 u ~

Ij) 70 c 0

+-' +:>."-../ 60 ~

+-' u 50 ::J u 0 L 40 D_

30

20

1 0

0 19

1

93 I 1995 ...... 1 <j97 "I <j':J9 I 2CJC) 'I 20:=1~3 2C:Cl5 ~)C1(!7 1994 1996 1998 20DO 2002 2004 2006 2008

Ye~]r

~ L

0 Q) >, ~~

VJ VJ cu 0 c

+-' 0 ~VJ

~6 ·~ _c +-'fu'---/ :J u 0 L

Q_

6

5

3

2

Fibre production ot Mogungo estote

1980 1990 2000 Yeor

+' u =:l u 0 L

o_

Waste production ot Mogungo estote

220~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

2C:Cl5 1994 1996 1998 2GQO 2GQ2 2G04 2G06 2G08

Ye~J Î

Fibre production at Mruozi Hole estote

6

x x

5

~

L 4 0 Q)

>, ~~

(jJ (jJ

cu 0 c

+-' 0 ~(j] 3 ~:J

0 0 ·- s= +-'f-u"--/ :J u 0 L 2 0_

x >< ~~ ~ ~~ ~ x ::x

x~ ~~~ xx::x ~ ~ x~

Q >i 3< ~~/' ~ 9> ~ ~ Q ~ ~ x ~ ~ 7) ::x x ~

x, ~~ > ~ ~ Q ~ ~ )\ ~ )<

~ )<

~ ~~ ~ QQ~ x x ~ ~~

><

> x ~ Q ~ ~ ~ Q ~ ~ ::x ~ ~ x ~ x ~ x x

x x ~ :x " ~ 9 I{ ,; X ~ x ·X· "" x " :x ~x VÇ;< v ~ ~ ~~> X· .,C x " )< ~~)< ~ ~ "' x x "' :x ~ ~ ~ ~ xx:x r:" r> x > ~ ~ ,~ R5 ?, ~~>~ ~5 x x x ~~ ~ ~ ~ ::x .x, X· x

•i> ~ ~ > ~ ~ ~~>:x K? :x, fx: x X>< ~ ~ ·» x x x

~ x ~~~ x 0 f~ •X· x ::x ~~ ~ ~ )< ~~ ~ ~ )< x

r~ r:~ ,x; * :x ~ :x ~ ~~~ x .x, x :x . « ~ ~ ~> ?(Q~~~ x : ~~ x I :x

X ~v ~ )< k<; XX> t~ :;: Sex ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 9 > ~R::x x)< > . ~ ~~ ~ ~ tx: x .y :;: k><

> x > ~ ~ ~ ~ > t~ t~: xf~ ~:>:~~ ~ ~ x )< ~ g ~ ~ x )< 9~K< )< kS kS x ç: )<

x ,x. x x :x:- ·X- ,x. y

T r T l T r T 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I r T I I I 0

1S7Q 1980 1990 2000 2008 Yeor

+-' u :J u 0 \._

Q_

Waste production ot Mruozi Hole estote

2CCl~3 2C;C!5 2CQ7 1994 1996 1998 2CJ:]0 2C:]2

-~ \..._

0 QJ >-~~

UJ UJ cu 0 c

+-' 0 ~ UJ

tt6 ·- s:. +' fu'---" ::J u 0 \..._

~

3.5

3

2.5

2

1 .5

0.5

0

Fibre production ot Muhezo estote

~------~x><HXJ------------------------------------------------------------~

~ ~

/\~ Q ~ ~

1S7Q 1980 1990 Yeor

+-' u :J u 0 \._

Q_

Waste production ot Muh zo Mkum" estote

110~------------------------------------------~

2C:CJ5 2CQ7 1994 1996 1998 2C00 2C02 2C04 2006 2C08

Ye~]î

Flbre production ot Mwelyo Usomo estote

3

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.2 ~

\.._ 2 0 Q) ::>-, ~~ 1 .8

(jJ (jJ

c u 0 c 1.6 +' 0 ~VJ

ct6 1 .4 ·- _c +'r--u'--../ 1 .2 ::J u 0 \.._

Q_

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

~ ~

~ ~ )': ~ )< ~

~ ~ )< x: 7'

~ ~ g

~ )':

x )': )': ::x ::x :x

~ ~ )<

~ x )< ~ ~ ~ ~

;x ~ :< ~ ~ Q ::x

x )< ~ Q ::x ~ Q ~ ~ ~ x )': ~ ~

)': ~ ~ >) x >(

~::x ~ Q ~ x ~ Q Q Q Q >( >< )': Q ~ x ~ ~ ~ ~ x >(

)': ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ x:\ Q Q ~ ~ Q

x >< ::x ::x >< >< :x Q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ::x ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ x x )': ·~~ Q ~ Q ~ ~ )': >< >< :x >< x x :x x "" x:x:~~x :x x :x ~ :x ~ ~ ~ Q i~~

x )': ~ x: Q~ 7' ~ ~ ~~:x > ~ )< :x >< x ~ x Q ·» ·» »:x s l:< x ~ )': )< ~ ~ * )<

~ ~ x t:: ::x > x >< ~ ::x~ ::x ~ r:: x x ::;.::: ::x Q ~ Q ~ ::x >< X· >< >< r:· S2~;;: x 'X x

r~ ~<2 ~ ; 2 ~ ~ » :x ~ ~ ~ ~ 7; ~ ~ Q~ x ·» ":' x; :;x x •X·

r:~ :>0 ::x x : r:: r) > "' r~ I<~ >< x :x >< :x :x >< :x Q Q)< 'X·

>0 x ~~ ::? : r: x X· >t~:x x

~~ ~i E~ ·~ ;, ~ Q -~ ~ )': ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :: x ·>0 x~' :: * f~ x Q~ Q~ Q x ·>0 :: r:c :: r:: r: ::~~:: I<~ x x >< ::x x rx<? >< :x- ,x, x ·X

x x X· X y yy rx rx * X· X· x

r t ;~ :T: t T l T l T l r l T I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I I I 1 T l T

1S7Q 1980 1990 2C;:Jt) Yeor

+' u :J u 0 L

Cl.

Waste production at Mwel·ya Uso estate

140~--------------------------------------~

130~------------------------------------------

1994 1996 1988 2 0 2GQ2 2G04 2006 2GQ8

Fibre production ot Myombo estote

2.2

2.1

2

1. 9

1 .8

1. 7

1. 6 ~ 1.5 '.....

0 (i) 1.4 >, ~~ 1 .3

!j] !j]

cu 1 .2 0 c +' 0 ~!j] 1 . 1 tt:J

1 0 0 ·- _c +'I--

0.9 u'-./ :J u 0.8 0

'..... Q_ 0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

)< x

~ ~ Q Q~ x ~ ~ x )< Q ><x > Q :Q ~ ~ >< x x ><

:Q:x ~ ~ y X>

>< ~ ~ ~ > 22x x :x Q~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~9 >()<

x ~ ~ ~9 ~9> ~ Q~ ~ :Q:Q:x~ ;z )< ~ ~ ><~ XX :X

:Q:Q ~17' ;x Q ~ ~ ~ x IX x )< )< )<

~ ~ x R ~ ~ Q ~ ~ >(~ /( ~ 58 Q ~ ~ Q >< ~~ x x :x

·X >< X, ·. ~ ><

~ ~ "' :x 9 ~9 9 ~ R:x Q ~ ·X >( >( :x x ~Q 9 9 9 9 x y

"~' x :x :x ~ >< g ~9 Q ~ "' ~~ 9 ~ ~~ 9 9 >< >< ><X Q~ >( >< x. ·X· QQS2 ~ x x ~~- ~ ~:c

.x,

-x '.x:' x x x . x. ><x x ><>< ,x, :: ~:: ::: x;x:-_ xX :x x )< ~ 9 9 >( 9 ~ 9 :x R ·X· ·X

x:;::~"~ x " x X· x- ,x, ~~ ,.;~ x ":~1 ;x:

;::;~' ~ 5< <'x >( ~ :x X· x. ~"': x~ >('1 :x: ::: x~X:x~:X 9 ~ >( ~ ~

~ 9 9:< QQx x : :~: ~~ t~j •:· ~x X x. :x x x

x :» :::r ,y x ~:: ::~ x:9 9 >< ><. ~ ~ 131 ?x 9 >< ~::: x x <.,. >t~ x x

xx_:~;x x:;; ><:X ~~ x : ,.;:~ x >: x, ..X, ,;x:.. ,x ·X> X ·X .~~ ·X .x,

T l T ·r

l r l I I

I I

I I I I I

I I I T l l 1'

l l l 1 197(1 1980 1990 200t)

Year

+' u :J u 0 L

(}_

Woste production ot Myombo estote

1994 1996 1998 2GOO 2G02 2G04 2006 2GQ8 Ye~:n

r--, .._ 0 Q) >, ~r--,

(j] (j]

cu 0 c

-+--' 0 ~(j]

~~ ·- J.:: -+-'I-U'-_/ :J u 0 .._

o__

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

0

Fibre production ot Ngombezi estote

1S7Q 1980 1990 2000 ~:(:08

Yeor

+-' u :J u 0 \._

o_

Waste production ot Ngombezi estote

350~--------------------------------------~

300 f--------------------------rx~xx~1-f ~xxx1-fllxxx'f--r)(,'/x1-fx~'><x~1-f~ ~>(,x ~xr-------------1

250

ç; ~ ~~ x ~ x ~ ~ x

2 00 f---------------------------1>()()> > L . ~ K >Ç ~ s ?B

1 50 f-----------------i_Ä t- -~X: -)< <:? ~ A)--------------4

1 ~' / ~i t ~ ~ ~ ~ 100r--------~~·xx~x1-{X)~~~~~~~~~r~~.'x~xx~~~~~'~~0x1-fx0·~~;~~~xxx:r-w~·'f~ T ~~ 7" X ~ . p ; ' ~ : /; : ~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~; ' ~

191

93 191

95 191

97 1999 ·r 2CjC)1 2C1

C)3 2C:C):) 1 2C(17

50

0

1994 1996 1998 2GQO 2GQ2 2GQ4 2GQ6 2008 Yeqr

~

L

0 Q)

>, ~~ Ij) Ij)

Cû 0 c

+-' 0 +:-'-__/IJ)

W r ::J ........ 0 0

·- _C +-'fu'-__/ ::J

û 0 L

Q_

5

4

3

2

0

Fibre production ot Pongowe ~<in, estote

'7 >

197Q 1980 2000 [ZC;08 Yeor

Waste pr-oduction ot Pongowe Kino estote

190

180

170

160

150

140

r-, 130 >-, 0

120 u ~

({J 11 0 c 0

~ 100 w tv= 90 0

-+-' 80 u

:::J u 70 0 L

Q_ 60

50

40 I 30 ~ ~ 20 ~

~ ~ ~ 10

~~ ~ ~ 0

1993 1995 2C:Cl5 20(77 1994 1996 1998 2CClO 2CCl4

~ \._

0 Q)

~ ~~

(/] (/]

cu 0 c

+-' 0 ~(/]

~6 ·- _c +-'ru'-.._/ :J u 0 \._

Q_

Flbre production ot Ubeno Zomozl estote

4

3.5

3

2.5

2

1.5

0.5

0

1970 1980 ;2C:08 Yeor

Waste production ot Ubeno Zornozi estote

200

190

180

170

1 60

150

140 ~

>, 130 0

u ~

IJJ 120

c 11 0 0

-+-' ~'---../ 100 w:::: ~

-+-' 90

u :J 80 u 0 70 L

CL 60

50

40

30

20

1 0

0

1994 1996 1998 2()()0 2G04 2006 2GQ8

Appendix 5: The Machinery use on the TSA estates

Machinery use survey ............................................. 5.2

1 Gomba Mwenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5

2 Kibaranga group ............................................... 5.7

3 Kilosa estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9

4 Kitisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.11

5 Kumburu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13

6 Magunga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.15

7 Mkumbara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17

8 Mnazi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.19

9 Mruazi Hale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.21

10 Mwelya Usambara ............................................ 5.23

11 Ngombezi .................................................. 5.25

12 Ndungu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.27

13 Toronto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.29

14 Ubena Zomozi .............................................. 5.31

Tancord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.33

Carpet company ................................................ 5.36

Decorticator use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.38

Efficiency of the decorticator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.39

Broshing machine use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.43

Baling machine use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.44

5.1

Machinery use survey

Objective

Get an overview of the available machinery on sisal estates and sisal manufacturers in Tanzania and the use of these machines in one month.

Population

All the sisal estates and sisal manufacturers of the Tanzania Sisal Authority. The number of sisal estates is limited to 22 and they are all included. The number of sisal manufacturers is 2 and they are both included.

Data collection

The strucutured datacolloction is done with a questionnaire which has been sent to all the estates. The questionnaire is given on the next page. The questionnaire for the sisal manufacturers was slightly different and is given on the pages 5.33 - 5.38 of this appendix.

Questionnaire

1 General information

la Estate name:

lb District:

lc Region:

2 Type of sisal grown

I Type I Percentage (%) I Agave Sisalana

Hybrid 11648

Other ......

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

I~ Number HP Age

5.2

3b Broshing machines

Type Number HP Age

~C Halin machines g

Number HP Age

3d Tractors

I~ Number HP Age

4 Machinery use in july 1994

No use Shifts hrs/sh hrsjday hrsjmonth

Decorticators

Broshing

Baling

5.3

5 Monthly performance in july 1994

11 I!em Amount

Diesel use (litres)

Decorticator shifts

Metres decorticated

Fibre production ( tons)

3L

UG

Tow 1 + 2

Flume tow

Other:

Electricity use (kWh)

KVA

5.4

1 Gomba Mwenge


la Estate name: Gamba Mwenge

lb District: Korogwe

lc Region: Tanga


Percentage (%)

A ave Sisalana 0

Hybrid 11648 100

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

Type Number HP Age

Krupp 11 1 120 50


Type Number HP Age

Local 4 10 40

3c Baling machines

I Type I Number I HP I Age I Kanzier 1 12 40

3d Tractors

Type Number HP Age

Fiat 100-90 1 100 6

Fiat 80-66 2 80 6

MF390 1 90 6

5.5

4 Machinery use in july

IJ No use Shifts hrsL_sh hrsjday hrs/month

Decorticators 1 24 12 12 288

Broshing 4 24 6 6 180

Baling 1 13 6 6 120

5 Monthly performance in july

I Item I Amount I Diesel use (litres) 3570

Decorticator shifts 24

Metres decorticated 1795

Fibre production ( tons) 65

3L 0

UG 58

Tow 1 + 2 1

Flume tow 5

Other: 3S 1

Electricity_ use (kWh) 13114

KVA 88

5.6

2 Kibaranga group

1 General infonnation

la Estate name: Kibaranga

lb District: Muheza

lc Region: Tanga


I Type I Percentage (%) I Agave Sisaiana 1

Hybrid 11648 99

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

Type Number HP Age

Krupp (MLG) 1 42

Stork (KBG) 1 42

Wumag (FRA) 1 42


I Type I Number I HP I Age I (MLG) 6 42

(KBG) 8 42

(FRA) 8 42

3c Baling machines

I Type I Number I HP I Age I Kanzier (KBG) 1 44

Kanzier (MLT) 1 40

MA& MA 1 44 (FRM)

5.7

3d Tractors

11 Type Number HP Age

Fiat 766 1 70 10

Fiat 80-66 4 80 4

Fiat 100-90 1 100 4

MF390 1 86 3

MF399 1 110 3




Broshing 6 22 8 8

Baling 1 26 6 6 156






3L 37

UG 20

Tow 1 + 2 2

Flume tow 1

Other: 3L special 1

I Electricity use {kWh)

I 6311

I KVA 190

5.8

3 Kilosa estate


la Estate name: Kilo sa

lb District: Kilo sa

lc Region: Morogoro


I Type I Percentage (%) I Agave Sisalana 96

Hybrid 11648 4

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

~ ::emchel ~ Number HP Age

1 150 46 I 3b Broshing machines

Number HP Age

1 7.5 46

3c Baling machines

~ ::~aulic Number HP A ge i 1 25 46

3d Tractors

Type Number HP Age

Fiat 80-66 2 80 5

5.9


No use Shifts hrs/sh hrsjday hrsfmonth


Broshing 1 11 4 4 44

Baling 0 0 0






3L 2

UG 7

Tow 1 + 2

Flume tow

Other:

Electricity use (kWh) 8483

KVA 130

5.10

4 Kitisa


la Estate name: Kitisa

lb District: Muheza

lc Region: Tanga


Type Percentage (%)

Agave Sisalana 0

Hybrid 11648 100

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

I Type I Number I HP I Age I Krupp IV 1 150 >46


I Type I Number I HP I Age I Local made 2 7.5 >46

3c Baling machines

Type Number HP Age

Kenzier 1 20 >46

3d Tractors

I Type I Number I HP I Age I Fiat 80-66 4 80 4

Valmet 604 1 60 10

5.11


No use Shifts hrs/sh hrs/day hrs/month

Decorticators 1 7.39 10 10 73.9

Broshing 2 26.67 7 7 62.23

Baling 1 5.56 7 7 38.92


Item Amount

Diesel use (litres) 2601

Decorticator shifts 7.39

Metres decorticated 739.02

Fibre production (tons) 23.5

3L 1.25

UG 20.25

Tow 1 + 2 0

Flume tow 1.00

Other: UF 0.50

Electricity use (kWh) 2,640

KVA 34

5.12

5 Kumburu


la Estate name: Kumburu

lb District: Muheza

1c Region: Tanga


I Type I Percentage (%) I Agave Sisalana 25

Hybrid 11648 75

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

I Type I Number I HP I Age I Stirling astald 1 150 >50


Type Number HP Age

Local (TWW) 3 5 >30

3c Baling machines

Number HP Ae

1 12 >50

3d Tractors

Type Number HP Age

Fiat 80-66 1 80 5

Fiat 100-90 2 100 9

5.13


11 No use Shifts hrs/sh hrsjday hrs/month



Baling 1 7 5 5 35






3L 10

UG 17

Tow 1 + 2 0

Flume tow 1

Other: UF 2

I Electricity use {kWh)

I 13020

I KVA 130

5.14

6 Magnoga


la Estate name: Magunga


lc Region: Tanga


I Type I Percentage (%) I

I Agave Sisalana

I I Hybrid 11648

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

i ::: (1~20) I Number HP Age

2 150 44


Number HP Ae

10 40

3c Baling machines

Type Number HP Age

Magnal Press 2 4 ton/sq in 62

3d Tractors

Type Number HP Age

MF 390/MF399 12 100 & 80 3

5.15


No use Shifts hrs/sh hrs/day hrsjmonth


Broshing 4 23 6 6 138

Baling 2 17 3 6 102






3L 57.5

UG 16

Tow 1 + 2 1

Flume tow 1

Other: 3L special 0.50


KVA 209

5.16

7 Mkumbara


la Estate name: Mkumbara


lc Region: Tanga


~ Percentage (%)

Agave Sisalana 1

Hybrid 11648 99

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

l ~ Twe Number HP Age

J Stork 10-20 1 150 46 I 3b Broshing machines

I T~ I I ~umber HP Age

7.5 46 I 3c Baling machines

Type Number HP Age

Magnum hydraulic 1 12 46

3d Tractors

I Type I Number I HP I Age I Fiat 100-90 1 100 5

Fiat 80-66 1 80 5

5.17




Broshing 1 20 10 12 240

Baling 1 7 6 6 42






3L 15

UG 0

Tow 1 + 2 0

Flume tow 0

Other: 0


KVA 136

5.18

8 Mnazi


la Estate name: Mnazi sisal estate

lb District: Lushoto

lc Region: Tanga


Type Percentage (%)

Agave Sisalana 0

Hybrid 11648 100

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

Type I Number I HP I Age

I KruJ2J2

I 1

I 170

I 45

I Stork 20/12 1 170 45


Type Number HP Age

Ferver 5 32

3c Baling machines

Number HP Age I I Kanzier 1 30

3d Tractors

I Type Number HP Age

Fiat 100-90 1 100 7

Fiat 70-66 1 70 6

5.19


11 No use Shifts hrs/sh hrs/day hrs/month


Broshing 2 30.3 9 10 200

Baling 1 8 6 8 56





Fibre production (tons) 25

3L 5

UG 19

Tow 1 + 2 1

Flume tow 2

Other:

Electricity use (kWh) N.A.8

KVA N.A.a

a The estate has no grid conneetion and runs its machines with power engines.

5.20

9 Mruazi Hale


la Estate name: Mruazi Hale


lc Region: Tanga


Type Percentage (%)

Agave Sisalana 5

Hybrid 11648 95

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

I Type I Number I HP I A~e I Krupp 11 1 120 42

Stork 20-12 1 150 42


I Type I Number I HP I Age I Double drum 17 5 42

Single drum 2 5 42

3c Baling machines

Number HP Ae

2 12 42

3d Tractors

Type Number HP Age

Mass~ Fer_&!!_sson 390 5 80 4

Massey Fergusson 399 6 100 4

5.21


11

hrs/sh hrs/day hrsjmonth ..... 11 No use Shifts


Broshing 3 23 8 7 161

Baling 1 23 8 7 161


I~ Amount

Diesel use (litres) 5388




3L 34

UG 35

Tow 1 + 2 3

Flume tow 3

Other: Special grade 3


KVA 104

5.22

10 Mwelya Usambara


la Estate name: Mwelya Usambara


lc Region: Tanga


I Type I Percentage (%) I Agave Sisalana 7.3

Hybrid 11648 92.7

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

11

~ Tnre Number HP Age

2 200 45 .I Krupp IV

3b B h" h" rus mg mac mes

T_ype Number HP Age

Rota D.N. 11 9 5.5 & 7.5 42

3c Baling machines

I Type I Number I HP I Age I The hydraulic engineering Co. 1 20 42 2035

3d Tractors

Type Number HP Age

Massey Ferguson 1 86 3 390

Fiat 100-90 2 (1 working) 100 6

Valmet 2600 1 117 6

5.23

Fiat 80-66 5 (3 working) 80 4

Fiat 70-66 1 70 7





Baling 1 9 6 6 96






3L 33

UG 4

Tow 1 + 2 1

Flume tow 0

Other: 3L/SP 2

Electricity_ use (kWh) 17,173

KVA 244

5.24

11 Ngombezi


la Estate name: Ngombezi


lc Region: Tanga


Type Percentage (%)

A_gave Sisalana 41

Hybrid 11648 59

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

Type I Number I HP I Age

Stock 10-20 I twin 75


HP Age

7.5 54

3c Baling machines

Type Number HP Age

Kanseller 2 54

3d Tractors

11 Tv11e Number HP Age

11 Marsey Ferguson 10 100/75 4

5.25


11 No use Shifts hrs/sh hrs/day hrs/month


Broshing 2 20 6 6 120

Baling 1 10 8 8 80


I Item I Amount I Diesel use {litres) 5089




3L 5

UG 40

Tow 1 + 2 0

Flume tow 0

Other: 0

I Electricity use (kWh}

I 25,135

I KVA 140

5.26

12 Ndungu


la Estate name: Ndugu

lb District: Same

lc Region: Kilimanjaro


Type Percentage(%)

Agave Sisalana 0

Hybrid 11648 100

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

I Type I Number I HP I Age I Mobile 7


Type Number HP Age

3c Baling machines

I Type I Number I HP I Age I Chesters London 1 2.25 ton/m2

3d Tractors

I Type I Number I HP I Age I

I Fiat 100-90

I 1

I 100

I 6

I Fiat 80-66 1 80 4

5.27




Broshing 8 8 7 7 56

Baling






3L 0

UG 10

Tow 1 + 2 0

Flume tow 1

Other: 0

Electricity use (kWh)

KVA

5.28

13 Toronto


la Estate name: Toronto


lc Region: Tanga


Type Percentage (%)

Agave Sisalana 10

Hybrid 11648 90

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

I Type I Number I HP I Age I Krupp 4 1 150 >50

KrupQ_ 2 1 150 >50

Stork 1 150 >50


1 T~e I I Number HP Age

5 old I Local

3c Baling machines

e Number HP Ae

1 20 very old

5.29

3d Tractors

T_ype Number HP Age

Fiat 80-66 3 80 4

Fiat 100-90 1 100 7


~ No use Shifts hrs{sh hrsjday hrs/month


Broshing 3 8 5 5 40

Baling 1 5 6 6 30






3L 9

UG + 3S 9

Tow 1 + 2 2

Flume tow 0

Other: 0

Electricity use (kWh) 16746.5

KVA 109

5.30

14 Ubena Zomozi


la Estate name: Ubena Zomozi

lb District: Bagamoyo

lc Region: Pwani


Percentage (%)

A ave Sisalana 0

Hybrid 11648 100

3 Machinery

3a Decorticators

I Type I Number I HP I Age I Stork 12-20 1


Type Number HP Age

3c Baling machines

Type Number HP A_ge

Kanzier 4559 1 >35

5.31

3d Tractors

I~ Number HP Age

Fiat 80-66 2 80 5

Fiat 100-90 1 100 7

Valmet 2600 1 117 6

MF390 1 88 4




Broshing 6 20 8 8 160

Baling 1 10 8 8 80






3L 30

UG 48

Tow 1 + 2 2

Flume tow 0

Other: 0


KVA 225

5.32

Tancord


la Name: Tancord

lb Place: Ngomeni

lc District: Muheza

ld Region: Tanga

2 Available Machinery

T."'A Function No. HP ~I ~. '1:'-

Goods machine Mixin_g and straightenning fibre 13 15 1964

Drawin_g machine " " 11 10 1964

Finisher machine " " 8 10 1964

Spinnin_g m/ c Production of baler twine 22 75 1974

Spinnin_g m/ c Production of fine yarn 5 55 1964

Spinning m/ c " " 1 100 1964

Spinning m/ c " " 1 75 1964

Layer m/c Making ropes 4-18 mm 2 30 1978

Strander m/ c " " 8 10 1978

Balling m/c Making ball (local salel 4 3 1974

Twister m[c Twisting yarn 1 25 1974

Spooling m/ c Making twine into spools 205 3 1964

Trolley m/c Making ropes 14-40 mm 1 5 1964

Rope twister m/ c " " 1 5 1964

Rope coiler m/ c " " 1 3 1964

Air com_pressors For _I>_neumatic o_I>_eration 4 10 1978

Water pump Supply of water 1 5 1964

Milling m/c Grinding maize grains into flour 2 15 1978 for workers

5.33

3 Machinery use in july 1994

Machine type no in no of hrs/ hrs/ hrs/ u se shifts shift day month

Goods machine 7 3 8 24 600

Drawing machine 5 3 8 24 600

Finisher machine 4 3 8 24 600

Spinning ( twine) 10 3 8 24 600

Spinning (yarn) 7 3 8 24 600

Layer machine 1 3 8 24 600

Strander machine 4 3 8 24 600

Balling machine 3 3 8 24 600

Twister machine 1 3 8 24 600

S_poolin_g machine 115 3 8 24 600

Trolley machine 1 3 8 24 600

Rope twister 1 3 8 24 600

Rope twister 1 3 8 24 600

Air compressor 4 3 8 24 600

Water _pump 1 1 5 5 130

Milling machine 2 1 8 8 216 •t MonthJy performance July 1994

Input of fibre. (kg) 959,657.4

Units electricity (kWh) 195,200

KV A's 700

Other energy sourees 0

Products (kg) 738,198

Baler twine 463,699

Packing twine 101,788

Rope yarn 155,362

Fine yarn 75,503

Ropes 30,778

Other: 0

5.34

5 Specific energy consumption 1993

Month Production kWh Cap. Spec. Cap (tons) (tons) energy utiliz

1 656 152,500 2667 233 25

2 534 133,500 2667 250 20

3 714 180,300 2667 253 27

4 337 131,800 2667 391 13

5 377 136,500 2667 362 14

6 282 107,600 2667 382 11

7 551 163,600 2667 297 21

8 587 178,100 2667 303 22

9 352 134,600 2667 383 13

10 71 18,590 2667 262 3

11 780 188,600 2667 242 29

12 484 145,900 2667 301 18

5.35

Carpet company


la Name: Tanzania Carpet Company Ltd.

lb Place: Kilo sa

1c District: Kilo sa

ld Region: Morogoro

2 Available machinery

I Type I Function I Number I HP I Age I Boiler Generate steam 1 100 18

Pumps, comQressor Compress air 1 40 20

Dyetubs Dy_eing fibres 6 67 40

Preparing me Combing fibre 3 80 40

Spinners, twister Spinning, twisting 6 215 40

Winders Winding 26 90 40

Looms Weaving 8 40 40

Prepare stands Binding 10 20 20

Workshop me 46 14

3 Machinery use in July 1994.

Type No use shifts hrs Hrs/ hrs/ /shift day month

Boiler 1 1 8 8 32

Preparing 3 2 8 16 320

Spinners, twisters 3 2 8 16 320

Winders 8 2 8 16 320

Looms 5 2 8 16 320

Finishing 6 1 8 8 160

Workshop 1 8 8 160

5.36

4 Monthly performance july 1994.

Tonsof fibre used 15.4

Units consumed (kWh) 64880

kV A's recorded 150

Other energy sourees no

Products made

Carpets ( m2) 3019

Buffin_g cloth (m2) 4259.2

Geotextiles (m2) nil

Yarn (kg) 3111

Bags nil

5.37

Decorticator use

This table is based on the results of the survey.

Estate Production Decorticator Tons/ Hrs/ Efficiency (tons) shifts shift shift (%)

Gomba Mwenge 65 24 2.7 12 2.38

Kibaranga 60 14 4.3 14 2.23

Kilosa 9 2 4.5 9 2.47

Kitisa 23.5 7.4 3.2 10 2.12

Kumburu 30 8 3.8 18 2.46

Ma gun ga 76 15 5.1 12 3.26

Mkumbara 15 3 5.0 10 1.60

Mnazi 25 10 2.5 12 2.84

Mruazi Hale 78 16 4.9 10 3.44

Mwelya 40 13 3.1 9 2.76 Usambara

Ngombezi 45 15 3.0 12 2.48

Ndungu 12 10 1.2 9 3.01

Toronto 20 5 4.0 13 2.36

Ubena Zomozi 80 15 5.3 10 3.25

Total 578.5 157.4

Avera_g_e 3.7 11.4 2.62

Standard dev. 1.15 2.38 0.51

5.38

Efficiency of the decorticator

The figures in the table below are taken from monthly reports of the estates.

Estate Month Me tres Shifts Me tres/ Tons/ Efficiency dec shift shift

Gomba Feb 93 638 5 128 4.4 2.46

May 765 6 128 4.5 2.52

Aug 1407 24 59 2.4 2.92

Nov 1093 28 39 1.3 2.37

Jan 94 1180 18 66 1.77 1.93

Feb 940 8 118 4.38 2.66

Mar 820 20 41 1.65 2.87

Apr 1217 16 76 2.6 2.44

Ma_y_ 1796 21 86 2.61 2.18

Jul 1795 24 75 2.5 2.38

Kibaranga Feb 93 611 6 102 5 3.50

May 1402 8 175 5 2.03

Aug 2470 19 130 4.8 2.63

Nov 2035 16 127 5 2.80

Jan 94 2315 18 129 5 2.77

Feb 2022 15.5 130 4.5 2.46

Mar 1933 15 129 4.6 2.55

Apr 2039 16 127 4.43 2.48

May 1402 10 140 5.4 2.75

Jul 1890 14 135 4.21 2.22

Kirnam ba May 93 660 6 110 5.8 3.76

Au_g_ 1842 13 142 4.2 2.11

Nov 1999 15 133 4 2.14

Kitisa May93 680 6 113 5 3.15

Aug 1299 10 130 4.8 2.64

Nov 1136 9 126 5 2.82

5.39

Jan 94 1383 13 106 4 2.68

Feb 1330 13 102 3.08 2.15

Mar 1482 14 106 3.21 2.16

Apr 1318 11 120 2.73 1.62

May 267 3 89 3.7 2.96

Jul 739 7.4 100 2.98 2.13

Kumburu Feb 93 246 2 123 4 2.32

Aug 1242 9.5 131 4.7 2.56

Nov 955 7 136 5.7 2.98

Jan 94 1290 11.5 112 3.5 2.23

Feb 793 7 113 4.28 2.69

Mar 851 7.5 113 4 2.51

Apr 1183 9 131 2.7 1.46

May 939 7.5 125 4 2.28

Jul 782 8 98 3.38 2.47

Magoma May94 1556 17 92 4.7 3.66

Ma gun ga Jan 94 2298 20 115 5 3.10

Feb 1465 14 105 5 3.41

Mar 2324 18 129 5 2.76

Apr 2289 22 104 5 3.43

May 1261 14 90 5 3.96

Jul 1642 15 109 5 3.26

Mruazi Nov 93 880 14 63 2.9 3.29

Jan 94 1388 20 69 3.5 3.60

Mar 1546 24 64 2.7 2.99

Jul 1555 16 97 4.7 3.45

Muheza Feb 93 309 2 155 9 4.15

May 635 5 127 5 2.81

Aug 1238 9 138 5.6 2.90

Nov 1292 10 129 3.4 1.88

Jan 94 1493 14 107 3.6 2.41

5.40

Feb 1250 15 83 3 2.57

Mar 1479 12 123 4.58 2.65

Apr 1559 13.4 116 4.8 2.94

May 1496 13 115 3.8 2.35

Mwelya Feb 93 402 3 134 6 3.19

May 561 4.5 125 5.6 3.20

Aug 2041.5 16 128 5.3 2.96

Nov 2090 28 75 2.9 2.77

Jan 94 1446 19 76 2.6 2.44

Feb 1015 14 73 1.6 1.57

Mar 995 13 77 3.85 3.59

Apr 1270 17 75 3.5 3.34

May 1290 17 76 2.9 2.73

Jul 1035 13 80 3.1 2.78

Myombo May 93 570 5 114 6 3.75

Aug 1267.5 10.5 121 3.8 2.24

Nov 1048 6.5 161 4.8 2.12

Jan 94 1323 8.5 156 5.41 2.48

Feb 731 5 146 5 2.44

Mar 591 4.2 141 5.7 2.89

Apr 528 3.5 151 4.57 2.16

May 1061 7 152 4.71 2.22

N_gombezi Jan 94 2369 25 95 4 3.01

Feb 1871 20 94 3.75 2.86

Apr 1375 14 98 3.2 2.32

Jul 1295 15 86 3 2.48

Pangawe May 572 4 143 6.2 3.09 1993

Aug 1873 13 144 5.1 2.52

Nov 1391 11.5 121 4.2 2.48

Feb 94 1854 12 155 5.03 2.32

5.41

Mar 1114 7.5 149 4.93 2.37

Apr 1185 10 119 5 3.01

May 1333 10 133 4.5 2.41

Ubena Feb 93 628 5 126 4 2.27

May 1440 11 131 4.5 2.45

Aug 1566 14 112 5.1 3.25

Nov 1578 15 105 4.7 3.19

Jan 94 2052 17 121 5.29 3.13

Feb 2096 17 123 4.71 2.72

Mar 1984 16.8 118 4.16 2.51

Apr 1651 13 127 4.23 2.38

May 1859 15 124 3.33 1.92

Jul 1753 15 117 5.33 3.25

Average 1332.45 12.60 113.26 4.24 2.69

Deviation 525.09 5.82 26.62 1.16 0.52 )Ource: Statistica! de artment TSA. p

5.42

Broshing machine use

Estate Production Broshing Tons/ Hrs/ (tons) shifts shift shift

Gamba Mwenge 65 96 0.7 6

Kibaranga 60 70 0.9 7.5

Kilo sa 9 11 0.8 4

Kitisa 23.5 26.7 0.9 7

Kumburu 30 36 0.8 5

Magunga 76 92 0.8 6

Mkumbara 15 20 0.8 10

Mnazi 25 30.3 0.8 9

Mruazi Hale 78 69 1.1 7

Mwe!Y_a Usambara 40 64 0.6 6

Ngombezi 45 40 1.1 6

Ndungu 12 8 1.5 7

Toronto 20 24 0.8 5

Ubena Zomozi 80 120 0.7 8

Total 578.5 707

Average 0.9 6.7

Standard dev. 0.22 1.55

5.43

Baling machine use

Estate Production Baling Tons/ Hrs/ (tons) shifts shift shift

Gomba Mwenge 65 13 5.0 6

Kibaranga 60 26 2.3 6

Kilosa 9 2 4.5 6

Kitisa 23.5 5.6 4.2 7

Kumburu 30 7 4.3 5

Magunga 76 34 2.2 3

Mkumbara 15 7 2.1 6

Mnazi 25 8 3.1 6

Mruazi Hale 78 23 3.4 7

Mwelya Usambara 40 9 4.4 6

Ngombezi 45 10 4.5 8

Ndungu._ 12 2 6.0 6

Toronto 20 5 4.0 6

Ubena Zomozi 80 10 8.0 8

Total 578.5 161.6

Average 4.2 6.1

Standard dev. 1.51 1.19

5.44

Appendix 6: TANESO tariffs

Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited Electricity tariffs with effect from july 1993.

Tariff no. 4A: A&ricultural consumers

Applicable to agricultural consumers whose consumption is more than 5,000 units per meter reading period engaged in direct raw farm produce production and/ or processing.

a Demand charges:

Shs. 2,300 per kVA of Billing Demand (B.D.) per meter reading period.

Note: the kV A Maximum Demand (M.D.) indicator shall be reset every meter reading period.

b Units charges:

First 150 times B.D. (kVA) units Remainder of units

c Customer service charge:

Per meter reading period

TShs. 47.50 per kWh. TShs. 45.00 per kWh.

TShs. 40,000.

1 Billing Demand (B.D.) is the higher of the kVA Maximum Demand (M.D.) during the month or the 75 % of the highest kV A Maximum Demand for the preceding 11 months.

2 Meter reading period is the period of time elapsing between any consecutive readings of the meter and/ or maximum de mand indicator installed by the company but with exception of their first and last period; each such period shall be as near to thirty days as possible.

3 These tariffs are applicable only to supply of electricity to consumers with power factor not lower than 0.95, otherwise power factor surcharge shall be applied on the normal charges.

6.1

Electricity use on the estate

Machine kW tons/shift Hrs run/shift kW/tons

Decorticator 110 3.7 9 268

Broshing 5.5 0.9 6.5 40

Baling 12 4.2 5.5 16

Subtotal 127.5 325

Offices /house 25 s

Total 127.5 350

With a daily fibre production of 5 tons, the electricity consumption will be 1750 kWh. This electricity is consumed by 1 decorticator, 6 broshing machines and 1 baling machine, which means a maximum demand of 155 kW. This daily electricity use results in a monthly (25 shifts) electricity consumption of 43,750 kWh.

Possible savin~s for an estate

Presuppositions:

1 The calculations are based on the output of one decordcator and are on a monthly basis.

2 The electricity consumption is assumed to be 43,750 kWh/month.

3 The Billing Demand (B.D.) is set on 155 kVA (based on the engine sizes).

Calculations:

Item Amount Price/unit Total

De mand 155 kVA 2,300.00 356,500

Units 23,250 kWh 47.50 1,104,375

Units 20,500 kWh 45.00 922,500

Taxes 5% 119,170

Total 2,502,5458

Rounded value

6.2

Appendix 7: Gas output

This calculations are based on one decorticator running at full capacity, which means about 300 shifts per year. Each shift produces about 5 tonsof dry line fibre and for every ton of dry fibre 19 tons of waste are ejected.

Output per shift

Fibre: Waste: Water: Total waste:

5 tons 5 * 19 = 95 tons 20 tons 115 tons

Output per year (300 shifts)


Output per day


1,500 tons 28,500 tons 6,000 tons 34,500 tons

4.1 tons 78.1 tons 16.4 tons 94.5 tons

Gas production per ton waste

Volatile Solids: Methane yield:

1,000 * 0.0882 = 88.2 kg 400 1 CH4 per kg VS

Methane production: 35.3 m3

Methane content: 65% Gas production: 54.3 m3

This means that the maximum gas production will be (78.1 * 54.3) 4,240 m3 /day.

Fertilizer per ton waste

Total Solids: VS removal: Solids removed: Solids remaining:

1,000 * 0.115 = 115 kg 55% 88.2 * 0.55 = 48.51 kg 115 - 48.51 = 66.49 kg

This is equal to a fertilizer production of (78.1 * 66.49) 5.2 tons/day.

7.1

Appendix 8: Pressure drop in pipes

The following formulas are necessary to calculate the pressure drop in a pipe.

The friction factor (f) in the two formulas above depends on the Reynolds number of the gas flow and the relative roughness of the pipe:

ll p Pressure drop [Pa]; f Friction factor; p Density [1.13 kgjm3

];

v Velocity (m/s); L Length of pipe pooo m]; Q Gas flow [60 m /s} d Diameter [2.54.10- m]; Re Reynolds number; 17 Viscosity [12.44.10-6 Pa.s]; R Relative roughness; x 0.045 [mm] for galvanized steel.

x R=-d

The first parameter which has to be calculated is the Reynolds number:

v= Q = 0.01667 =32.89 m A 1t.(2.54.10-2)2 s

4

Re= 1.13.32.89.2.54.10-2

=?.6.ur 12.44.10-6

To determine the friction factor (f), the relative roughness has to be calculated:

The friction factor (f)is 0.006 for the given roughness and the Reynolds number

8.1

R= 0·045 =0.0018 25.4

With these figures, the pressure drop can be calculated:

!lp 32.0.006.1.13.2000.0.016672 =l.l6.106Pa 1t2.(2.54.10-2) 5

For other diameters, the figures are given in table 1.

Table 1 Pressure drop in pipes

I D (inch) I D (cm) I v (m/s) I Re I f 0,5 1.27 131.59 1.52.10S 0.006

1 2.54 32.89 7.6.104 0.006

1,5 3.81 14.62 5.1.104 0.0065

2 5.08 8.22 3.8.104 0.007

'he p nces for 1 es m Tanzama are pp g Iven m table 2.

Table 2 Price for pipes

I dp (lo' Pa)

370

11.6

1.65

0.42

Material D (inch) D (cm) Price (TSh/m)

Galvanized steel 0.50 1.27 656

Galvanized steel 0.75 1.91 984

Galvanized steel 1.00 2.54 1,230






Plastic 4.00 10.16 1,066

Plastic 6.00 15.24 3,607

)Ource: Tan a g g eneral mdustnes

8.2

I

Appendix 9: Estate survey

Objective

Get an overview of the energy use ( especially for cooking) on a sisal estate, to assess the potential market and substitution possible when biogas would be used on the estate.

Population

Alllabour at the sisal estates of the Tanzania Sisal Authority. Out of the 22 estates, the Muheza Mkumbi estate was chosen, because it was the easiest to reach from Tanga and a translator was available. Out of the available 150 labourers on the estate, 40 were interviewed. The sampling was done randomly by walking around and interviewing labourers on their worksite.

Data coneetion

The structured datacollection is done by a verbal interview with a questionnaire. The questionnaire is given below.

Questionnaire

1 Number:

General information

2a Estate:

2b Camp:

2c Job:

2d Family size:

3 Do you have your own water supply?

o Yes o No

4 Do you have a conneetion to the electricity grid?

o Yes answer question 5, 6 and 8 to 10 o No answer question 7 to 10

Electricity conneetion

5 Do you use the electricty for cooking?

o Yes o No

9.1

6 Do you use other energy sources?

Type Amount Priee I unit Applieation

Fuel wood

Chareoal

Crop residues

Petrol

LPG

Other:

No electricity conneetion

7 What kind of energy sourees do you use?

I Type I Amount I Priee I unit I Applieation I Fuel wood

Charcoal

Crop residues

Petrol

LPG

Other:

Attitude to biogas

8 When biogas would be available against eompetitive priees would you use it?

o Yes o Only when there are no other energy sourees available o No o Don't know I No answer

9 For what applieations would you use the gas?

0 Cooking 0 Lighting 0 Gas refrigerator 0 Generator 0 Other:

10 Comments:

9.2

Results

2a Fourty people were interviewed at Muheza estate

2b

Name of camp Total units Number of interviews

Staff 10 3

Batini 20 9

Machine 49 15

Songea 32 7

Mombasa 36 4

Mkumbi 24 1

Masasi 72 1

Total 243 40

2c

Job Number of Job Number of interviews interviews

R&D 1 Driver 1 coordinator

Accountant 1 Engineer 2

Watchman 2 Decorticator 6

Weeder 2 Cooker 3

Broshing 6 Baling 4

Headman 2 Drying 1

Store keeper 1 Clerk 4

Workshop 1 Messenger 1

Agr. officer 1 Cleaning 1

Total 17 Total 23

9.3

2d

Family size Number of Family size Number of interviews interviews

1 11 7 2

2 1 8 4

3 3 9 1

4 2 10 2

5 5 11 0

6 7 12 2

Total 29 Total 11

3 Only 2 of the interviewed people had water supply in their own house, the other 38 had to share one or more water taps with other families.

4 7 of the interviewed had a conneetion to the grid, the other 33 had no electricity supply.

5 Of the 7 family's with an electricity conneetion only 1 used the electricity for cooking.

6

Type Number Average Average Average Application family size amount/week price (TSh)

Fuelwood 5 6.8 3.5 bundies Cooking

Charcoal 2 7 1.5 bags 1,000/bag Cooking

Crop residues

Petrol

Gas (LPG)

Kerosene 2 4.5 1.5 137.5/litre Cooking

9.4

7

Type Number Average Average Average Application family size amount/week price (TSh)

Fuelwood 33 4.5 3.7 bundies Cooking

Charcoal 1 5 1 bag 1,000/bag Cooking

Crop residues

Petrol

Gas (LPG)

Kerosene

8 All 40 interviewed people will use biogas if it is available against a competitive price and if it si safe (see question 10).

9 They would use it for cooking and lighting.

10 Most comments were about the safety of the biogas. The people would use it if it would prove to be safe.

9.5

Appendix 10: Biogas survey Tanga

Objective

Get an overview of the energy use ( especially for cooking) in urban areas, to assess the potential market for bottled biogas.

Population

The population comprised the population of Tanga town (200,000 inhabitants). Area sampling bas been used, and two areas were selected: Bombo and Ngamiani area. Furthermore from every street in Bombo area a few households were selected, which were visited to interview them. In Ngamiani, random sampling bas been used by walking around at the local market and interviewing people who were working around there houses.

Data collection

The structured datacollection is done by a verbal interview with a questionnaire. The questionnaire is given below.

Questionnaire

1 Number:

General information

2a Area:

2b Street:

2c Family size:

3 Do you have a conneetion to the electricity grid?

o Yes answer question 4 to 7 and 9 to 12 o No answer question 8 to 12

Electricity conneetion

4 Do you have frequent shutdowns?

o Yes o No

5 How many?

Days per week:

Average duration:

10.1

6 Do you use the electricity for cooking?

o Yes o No

7 Do you use other energy sources?

Type Amount Price I unit Application

Fuel wood

Charcoal

Crop residues

Petrol

LPG

Other:

No electricity conneetion

8 What kind of energy sourees do you use?

1Type Amount Price I unit Application

Fuel wood

Charcoal

Crop residues

Petrol

LPG

Other:

Attitude to biogas

9 When (bottled) biogas would be available, would you use it?

o Yes o Only when there are no other energy sourees available o No o Don't know I No answer

10.2

10 Would you be willing to dosome extra investment for it?

o Yes o Maybe o No o Don't know / No answer

11 For what applications would you use the gas?

o Cooking o Lighting o Gas refrigerator o Generator o Other:

12 Comments:

10.3

Results

2a 25 interviews were done in Bombo area, the other 25 were done in Ngamiani area. Both areas are located in Tanga town.

2b Bombo area

Street Number of Street Number of interviews interviews

Hospita! road 2 Onato road 4

Club road 2 Chitale road 1

Sea road 1 Gymkhana road 2

Tasma road 1 Bohora street 2

Kisauni street 1 Hostel road 1

Makongoro 2 Taibalisachak 2 road road

Alnboni street 3 No name 1

Total 12 Total 13

N jgamiam area

Street Number of Street Number of interviews interviews

Street 2 2 Street 9 5




Street 7 2 Chuda street 1

Street 8 1

Total 14 Total 11

10.4

2c

Family size Number Family size Number

1 8 7

2 2 9 1

3 1 10 6

4 6 11

5 4 12 5

6 9 13 1

7 5 >13 3

Total 27 Total 23

3

I Area I Conneetion I No conneetion I Bombo 25 0

Ngamiani 21 4

Both 46 4

4

I Area I Shutdowns I No shutdowns I Bombo 19 6

Ngamiani 21 0

Both 40 6

10.5

5

1 Days/week Bombo Ngamiani Both

<1 1 1

1 4 4

2 6 6

3 5 5 10

4 3 6 9

5 1 1

6

7 9 9

Total 19 21 40

Average duration Bombo Ngamiani Both (hrs)

<1 11 11

1-2 3 1 4

2-4 3 4 7

4-6 7 7

6-8 1 1 2

8-10 1 7 8

10-12 1 1

>12

Total 19 21 40

6

Area Cooking No cooking

Bombo 21 4

Ngamiani 10 11

Both 31 15

10.6

7 46 householcts had a conneetion to the electricity grid. . f . 31 used the electncity or cookinJ .

Type Number Average Average Average Applica family size amountfmonth price (TSh) ti on

Fuelwood

Charcoal 26 7.5 3.8 bags 1,000/bag Cooking

Crop residues

Petrol 1 6 10 litres 282/litre Generat or

Gas (LPG) 7 5.6 7 bottlesfyear 5,300/bottle Cooking

Kerosene 11 7.1 16.8 litres 165/litre Cooking

"d 15 householcts d1 1 . . f ki not use the e ectncity or coo ng

Type Number Average Average Average Applicati family size amount/month price (TSh) on

Fuelwood

Charcoal 15 8 3.5 bags 1,000/bag Cooking

Crop residues

Petrol

Gas (LPG) 1 3 2 bottlesfyear 5,300 /bottle Cooking

Kerosene 3 6.7 15.3 litres 165/litre Cooking

10.7

8 4 households had no conneetion to the grid.

Type Number Average Average Average Applica family size amount/month price (TSh) ti on

Fuelwood

Charcoal 4 9.25 11.25 bags 1,000/bag Cookin g

Crop residues

Petrol

Gas (LPG)

Kerosene 3 9.3 19 litres 165/litre Cookin g

9

Using biogas Bombo Ngamiani Both

Yes 15 21 36

Only when no 2 1 3 other available

No 6 3 9

DN/NA 2 2

Total 25 25 50

10

Using biogas Bombo Ngamiani Both

Yes 7 20 27

Maybe 9 1 10

No 1 1 2

DN/NA

Total 17 22 39

10.8

11

Application Number

Cooking 38

Lighting 18

Gas fridge 5

Generator 5

12 The comments were about the safety of the bottled biogas. They will use it if it will be safe.

10.9

)--1

)--1

)--1

Underground Concrete Biodigester

Discount rate (r) Social rate of discount (SRD) Dividends paid Corporate tax

Total fixed investment co st

Item

Biogas plant

Site prepara ti on ei vil works

Plant machinery Auxiliary equipment

Contingencies

Electricity generation

Enginejgenerator Transformator Synchronizer

Other Contingencies

Total

Pre-production cost

Item

Planning, design Training

Contingencies

Total

with electricity generation

10 10 12 25

Local

157.5

0.0 80.0 70.0 o.o 7.5

26.3

0.0 0.0 0.0

25.0 1.3

183.8

Co st

102.9 10.0 5.6

118.5

Foreign Total

15.8 173.3

o.o 0.0 o.o 80.0

10.0 80.0 5.0 5.0 0.8 8.3

315.0 341.3

200.0 200.0 75.0 75.0 25.0 25.0 o.o 25.0

15.0 16.3

330.8 514.5

~ -· = = ; -· = -= = Q..

s = 0 a fr -

-

Net werking capital requirements

Item

Current assets

Raw material Spare parts

Repair

current liabilities

Net werking capital

Total investment cost

Period

Amount

5.0 12.9 12.9

35.3

Loans

Construction

Coefficient

12.0 2.0

12.0

12.0

0.50

Loans

1.0

7.9

0.4 6.4 1.1

2.9

5.0

2.0

7.9

0.4 6.4 1.1

2.9

5.0

Equity Production ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Fixed investment Pre-production

Net werking capital

Total

514.5 118.5

0.0

633.0

257.3 59.3 0.0

316.5

257.3 59.3

316.5

5.0

5.0

3.0

7.9

0.4 6.4 1.1

2.9

5.0

4.0

7.9

0.4 6.4 1.1

2.9

5.0

........

........ VJ

Depreciation and financial cost Term Interest

10.0 8.0

================================================================================================= UCB system =================================================================================================

Year 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Depreciation 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0

Loan repayment 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7 Financial co st 25.3 22.8 20.3 17.7 15.2 12.7 10.1

Co st of products sold

Year 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Raw materials

Labour Repair & maintenance Laberatory + services

Energy Overheads

eperating cost

Depreciation Financial cost

Production cost

Marketing cost

Cost of products sold

5.0 14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 25.3

119.4

2.0

121.4

5.0 14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 22.8

116.8

2.0

118.8

5.0 14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 20.3

114.3

2.0

116.3

5.0 14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 17.7

111.8

2.0

113.8

5.0 14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 15.2

109.2

2.0

111.2

5.0 14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 12.7

106.7

2.0

108.7

5.0 14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 10.1

104.2

2.0

106.2

...... ...... ~

========================================================================

======================================================================== 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 Salvage

33.0 31.7 7.6

8.0

33.0 31.7 5.1

9.0

33.0 31.7

2.5

10.0

33.0

0.0

11.0

33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0

0.0 o.o 0.0 0.0

12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0

------------------------------------------------------------------------5.0

14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 7.6

101.6

2.0

103.6

5.0 14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 5.1

99.1

2.0

101.1

5.0 14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 2.5

96.6

2.0

98.6

5.0 14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 0.0

94.0

2.0

96.0

5.0 14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 0.0

94.0

2.0

96.0

5.0 14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 0.0

94.0

2.0

96.0

5.0 14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 0.0

94.0

2.0

96.0

5.0 14.3 25.7 4.0 6.1 6.0

61.1

33.0 0.0

94.0

2.0

96.0

20.0

Revenues

Electricity price Fertilizer

Year

Electricity savings Electricity sales Fertilizer sales

Total

Cash-flow for financial planning

Year

Cash inflow

53.0 0.0

1.0

57.2 212.6

o.o

269.8

0.0

633.0

2.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

1.0

269.8

3.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

2.0

269.8

4.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

3.0

269.8

5.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

4.0

269.8

6.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

5.0

269.8

7.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

6.0

269.8

~-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total equity Total loans

Sales revenues

Cash outflow

Fixed investment Pre-production expenditures Increase in current assets

eperating cost Marketing cost Corporate tax

Interest Loan repayment Dividends paid

Surplus Cumulative balance

316.5 316.5

633.0

514.5 118.5

0.0 0.0

269.8

203.1

7.9 61.1

2.0 37.1 25.3 31.7 38.0

66.7 66.7

269.8

193.2

61.1 2.0

37.7 22.8 31.7 38.0

76.6 143.3

269.8

191.3

61.1 2.0

38.4 20.3 31.7 38.0

78.5 221.8

269.8

189.4

61.1 2.0

39.0 17.7 31.7 38.0

80.4 302.1

269.8

187.5

61.1 2.0

39.6 15.2 31.7 38.0

82.3 384.4

269.8

185.6

61.1 2.0

40.3 12.7 31.7 38.0

84.2 468.5

8.0

57.2 212.6

o.o

269.8

7.0

269.8

9.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

8.0

269.8

10.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

9.0

269.8

11.0

57.2 212.6

o.o

269.8

10.0

269.8

12.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

11.0

269.8

13.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

12.0

269.8

14.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

13.0

269.8

15.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

14.0

269.8

15.0 Scrap

269.8 20.0

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.......

269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 20.0

183.7 181.8 179.9 178.0 144.5 144.5 144.5 144.5 144.5 o.o

61.1 61.1 61.1 61.1 61.1 61.1 61.1 61.1 61.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

40.9 41.5 42.2 42.8 43.4 43.4 43.4 43.4 43.4 10.1 7.6 5.1 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7 38.0 38.0 38.0 38.0 38.0 38.0 38.0 38.0 38.0

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------86.1 88.0 89.9 91.8 125.3 125.3 125.3 125.3 125.3 20.0

554.6 642.6 732.4 824.2 949.5 1074.8 1200.1 1325.4 1450.7 1470.7

--

Net income statement from operations

Year

Revenues Cost of products

Taxable profit

Income (corporate) tax

Net profit

Dividends payable

Retained profit

Cash flow table

Year

Cash inflow

Revenues

Cash outflow

Investment Increase in net working capita!

Operating cost Marketing cost

Corporate tax paid

Net cash flow Cumulative net cash flow

NPV IRR

1.0

269.8 121.4

148.4

37.1

111.3

38.0

73.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

633.0

633.0

-633.0 -633.0

575.619 25.443

2.0

269.8 118.8

151.0

37.7

113.2

38.0

75.2

1.0

269.8

269.8

105.2

5.0 61.1

2.0 37.1

3.0

269.8 116.3

153.5

38.4

115.1

38.0

77.1

2.0

269.8

269.8

100.8

61.1 2.0

37.7

164.6 169.0 -468.4 -299.4

4.0

269.8 113.8

156.0

39.0

117.0

38.0

79.0

3.0

269.8

269.8

101.4

61.1 2.0

38.4

168.4 -131.1

5.0

269.8 111.2

158.6

39.6

118.9

38.0

80.9

4.0

269.8

269.8

102.1

61.1 2.0

39.0

167.7 36.7

6.0

269.8 108.7

161.1

40.3

120.8

38.0

82.8

5.0

269.8

269.8

102.7

61.1 2.0

39.6

167.1 203.7

7.0

269.8 106.2

163.6

40.9

122.7

38.0

84.7

6.0

269.8

269.8

103.3

61.1 2.0

40.3

166.5 370.2

8.0

269.8 103.6

166.2

41.5

124.6

38.0

86.6

7.0

9.0

269.8 101.1

168.7

42.2

126.5

38.0

88.5

8.0

10.0

269.8 98.6

171.2

42.8

128.4

38.0

90.4

9.0

11.0

269.8 96.0

173.8

43.4

130.3

38.0

92.3

10.0

12.0

269.8 96.0

173.8

43.4

130.3

38.0

92.3

11.0

13.0

269.8 96.0

173.8

43.4

130.3

38.0

92.3

12.0

14.0

269.8 96.0

173.8

43.4

130.3

38.0

92.3

13.0

15.0

269.8 96.0

173.8

43.4

130.3

38.0

92.3

14.0 15.0 Scrap ~------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------...... 00 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 20.0

269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 20.0

104.0 104.6 105.2 105.9 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.5 0.0

61.1 61.1 61.1 61.1 61.1 61.1 61.1 61.1 61.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

40.9 41.5 42.2 42.8 43.4 43.4 43.4 43.4 43.4

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------165.8 165.2 164.6 163.9 163.3 163.3 163.3 163.3 163.3 20.0 536.0 701.2 865.8 1029.7 1193.0 1356.3 1519.6 1682.8 1846.1 1866.1

...... ...... \0

Calculation of pay-back period

Year

Investment

Cost of products Depreciation

Interest

Revenues

Taxable profit Taxes (25 %)

Profit after taxes and interest Plus interest

Net profit Plus depreciation

0.0

633.0

1.0

5.0

121.4 33.0 25.3

269.8

143.5 35.9

107.6 25.3

132.9 33.0

2.0

118.8 33.0 22.8

269.8

151.0 37.7

113.2 22.8

136.0 33.0

3.0

116.3 33.0 20.3

269.8

153.5 38.4

115.1 20.3

135.4 33.0

4.0

113.8 33.0 17.7

269.8

156.0 39.0

117.0 17.7

134.8 33.0

5.0

111.2 33.0 15.2

269.8

158.6 39.6

118.9 15.2

134.1 33.0

6.0

108.7 33.0 12.7

269.8

161.1 40.3

120.8 12.7

133.5 33.0

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total

Net cash flow Cumulative cash

Calculation of the

Year

Output

Investment Materials Services

flow

national

Value added Cumulative value added

NNVA

633.0 -633.0

0.0

value added

0.0

0.0

633.0

-633.0 -633.0

1227.821

165.9 165.9

-467.2 1.0

1.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

169.0 169.0

-298.2 2.0

2.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 260.8 -372.2 -111.4

168.4 168.4

-129.8 3.0

3.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 149.3

167.7 167.7

37.9 4.0

4.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 410.1

167.1 167.1 205.0

5.0

5.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 670.9

166.5 166.5 371.4

6.0

6.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 931.7

---0

7.0

106.2 33.0 10.1

269.8

163.6 40.9

122.7 10.1

8.0

103.6 33.0 7.6

269.8

166.2 41.5

124.6 7.6

9.0

101.1 33.0 5.1

269.8

168.7 42.2

126.5 5.1

10.0

98.6 33.0

2.5

269.8

171.2 42.8

128.4 2.5

11.0

96.0 33.0 0.0

269.8

173.8 43.4

130.3 0.0

12.0

96.0 33.0 0.0

269.8

173.8 43.4

130.3 0.0

13.0

96.0 33.0 0.0

269.8

173.8 43.4

130.3 0.0

14.0

96.0 33.0 0.0

269.8

173.8 43.4

130.3 0.0

15.0

96.0 33.0 o.o

269.8

173.8 43.4

130.3 0.0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------132.9 132.2 131.6 131.0 130.3 130.3 130.3 130.3 130.3

33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------165.8 165.8 537.3

7.0

7.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 1192.5

165.2 165.2 702.5

8.0

8.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 1453.3

164.6 164.6 867.0

9.0

9.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 1714.1

163.9 163.9

1030.9 10.0

10.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 1974.9

163.3 163.3

1194.2 11.0

11.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 2235.7

163.3 163.3

1357.5 12.0

12.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 2496.5

163.3 163.3

1520.8 13.0

13.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 2757.3

163.3 163.3

1684.1 14.0

14.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 3018.1

163.3 163.3

1847.4 15.0

15.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 3278.9

Calculation of Break Even Point

Capacity

Variable cost Fixed cost

Total cost

Electricity savings Electricity sales

Fertilizer

Revenues

Revenues - cost

~Capacity

0.0

0.0 89.0

89.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0

-89.0

60.0

10.0

0.5 89.0

89.5

57.2 0.0 0.0

57.2

-32.3

70.0

20.0

1.0 89.0

90.0

57.2 0.1 0.0

57.3

-32.7

80.0

30.0

1.5 89.0

90.5

57.2 26.7 0.0

83.9

-6.7

90.0

40.0

2.0 89.0

91.0

57.2 53.2 0.0

110.4

19.4

100.0

~-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Variable cost Fixed cost

Total cost


Fertilizer

Revenues

Revenues - cost

3.0 89.0

92.0

57.2 106.4

o.o

163.6

71.5

3.5 89.0

92.5

57.2 132.9

0.0

190.1

97.6

4.0 89.0

93.0

57.2 159.5

0.0

216.7

123.6

4.5 89.0

93.5

57.2 186.0

0.0

243.2

149.7

5.0 89.0

94.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

175.8

50.0

2.5 89.0

91.5

57.2 79.8 0.0

137.0

45.5

Sensitivity of the UCB system with electricity generation

Discount ra te NPV SRD NNVA

8 733.2 8 1480.8 10 575.6 10 1227.8 20 121.4 20 488.6 30 -67.9 30 168.7 35 -120

Elec price NPV IRR Pay-back NNVA

45 413.9 21.4 4.4 1005.9 50 515 23.9 4 1144.6 53 575.6 25.4 3.8 1227.8 55 616.1 26.4 3.6 1283.3 - 60 717.1 28.9 3.4 1422 - 65 818.2 31.3 3.1 1560.7 - 70 919.3 33.8 2.9 169.3 N 75 1020.4 36.1 2.7 1838

Fertilizer price NPV IRR Pay-back NNVA

·' 0 575.6 25.4 3.8 1227.8 1000 594.3 25.9 3.7 1252.8 5000 669.2 27.7 3.5 1352.6

10000 762.8 30 3.2 1477.4 15000 856.4 32.3 3 1602.2

Loans NPV IRR Pay-back NNVA

0.25 564.5 25.1 3.8 1227.8 0.5 575.6 25.4 3.8 1227.8

0.75 586.7 25.8 3.7 1227.8

Investment NPV IRR Pay-back NNVA

-20% 700.5 32.6 3 1341 0 575.6 25.4 3.8 1227.8

+20% 450.7 23.9 4.6 1114.6

Operating NPV IRR Pay-back NNVA

-20% 637.9 27 3.6 1240.3 0 575.6 25.4 3.8 1227.8

+20% 513 23.9 4 1215.4

- Waste availability NPV -...... ~

100 575.6 75 231.3

Corporate tax NPV IRR Pay-back NNVA

0 853.8 32 3 1227.8 25 575.6 25.4 3.8 1227.8 50 297.4 18.5 4.9 1227.8

Planning and design shared by 15 installations

No sharing Sharing

NPV 575.6 663.8 IRR 25.4 30.6

Pay-back 3.8 3.2 NNVA 1227.8 1319.5

Sensitivity of the UCB system with both applications


8 558.3 8 1274.7 10 419.4 10 1043.6 20 20.7 20 370.7 30 -142.7 30 82.5 35 -186.6


45 276 17.4 5.2 846.2 50 365.6 19.6 4.7 969.6 53 419.4 20.9 4.5 1043.6 55 455.2 21.8 4.3 1092.9 60 544.8 23.9 4 1216.2

........ 65 634.4 26 3.7 1339.6 ........

........ 70 724 28 3.5 1463

.J:o. 75 813.6 30 3.2 1586.4

Biogas price NPV IRR Pay-back NNVA

0 405.9 20.6 4.5 1025.6 10 419.4 20.9 4.5 1043.6 20 432.9 21.2 4.4 1061.6 30 446.4 21.5 4.4 1079.6 40 460 21.9 4.3 1097.7 50 473.5 22.2 4.2 1115.7 60 487 22.5 4.2 1133.7 70 500.5 22.8 4.1 1151.7


0 419.4 20.9 4.5 1043.6 1000 438.1 21.3 4.4 1068.5 5000 513 23.1 4.1 1168.4

10000 606.6 25.3 3.8 1293.2 15000 700.2 27.5 3.5 1418


0.25 407.5 20.5 4.6 1043.6 0.5 419.4 20.9 4.5 1043.6

0.75 431.3 21.2 4.4 1043.6


-20% 553.1 27.2 3.6 1164.7 0 419.4 20.9 4.5 1043.6

+20% 285.8 16.4 5.4 922.5


-20% 483.8 22.4 4.2 1056 0 419.4 20.9 4.5 1043.6

+20% 354.8 19.3 4.8 1031.1

,...... Waste availability NPV ,......

,...... VI

100 419.4 75 75.1


0 652.6 26.2 3.7 1043.6 25 419.4 20.9 4.5 1043.6 50 186.2 15.2 5.7 1043.6

Appliances Without With

NPV 435.3 419.4 IRR 21.5 20.9

Pay-back 4.4 4.5 NNVA 1058.1 1043.6

Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor system with both applications

Discount rate (r) Social rate of discount (SRD) Dividends Corporate tax

Total fixed investment cost

Item

Biogas plant

Site preparatien Civil works


Contingencies



Other Contingencies

Biogas on estate

Pipelines Valves etc. Compressor Appliances Gas meters

Contingencies

Total

Local

10 10 12 25

409.5

0.0 215.0 175.0

o.o 19.5

26.3

0.0 0.0 0.0

25.0 1.3

36.2

10.0 2.5 2.0

12.5 7.5 1.7

472.0

Foreign

57.8

0.0 0.0

40.0 15.0

2.8

315.0

200.0 75.0 25.0 0.0

15.0

0.0

o.o 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

372.8

Total

467.3

0.0 215.0 215.0 15.0 22.3

341.3

200.0 75.0 25.0 25.0 16.3

36.2

10.0 2.5 2.0

12.5 7.5 1.7

844.7

~ -· = = = n -· = -= = Q..

8 = 0 e -· s -

-N

Pre-production cost

Item


Contingencies

Total

Net working capita!

Item

Current assets


Repair

Co st

168.9 35.0 10.2

214.1

Amount

5.0 21.1 21.1

Coefficient

12.0 2.0

12.0

1.0

12.7

0.4 10.6 1.8

2.0

12.7

0.4 10.6 1.8

3.0

12.7

0.4 10.6 1.8

4.0

12.7

0.4 10.6 1.8

N -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Current liabilities

Net working capita!


Period

Fixed investment Pre-production

Net working capita!

Total

39.2

Loans

Construction

844.7 214.1

0.0

1058.9

12.0

0.50

Loans

422.4 107.1

529.4

3.3 3.3

9.5 9.5

Equity Production

422.4 107.1

529.4

9.5

9.5

3.3 3.3

9.5 9.5

....... N w


10.0 8.0

=============================================================================================== CSTR system ===============================================================================================

Year 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Depreciation

Loan repayment Financial co st

Co st of products sold

Year

Raw materials Labour

Repair & maintenance Laberatory + services

Energy overheads

Operating cost


Production cost

Marketing cost


52.7 52.9 42.4

1.0

5.0 18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 42.4

176.5

2.0

178.5

52.7 52.9 38.1

2.0

5.0 18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 38.1

172.2

2.0

174.2

52.7 52.9 33.9

3.0

5.0 18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 33.9

168.0

2.0

170.0

52.7 52.9 29.6

4.0

5.0 18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 29.6

163.8

2.0

165.8

52.7 52.9 25.4

5.0

5.0 18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 25.4

159.5

2.0

161.5

52.7 52.9 21.2

6.0

5.0 18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 21.2

155.3

2.0

157.3

52.7 52.9 16.9

7.0

5.0 18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 16.9

151.1

2.0

153.1

....... N +:-.

========================================================================

======================================================================== 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 Salvage

52.7 52.9 12.7

8.0

52.7 52.9 8.5

9.0

52.7 52.9 4.2

10.0

52.7

0.0

11.0

52.7 52.7 52.7 52.7

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0

------------------------------------------------------------------------5.0

18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 12.7

146.8

2.0

148.8

5.0 18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 8.5

142.6

2.0

144.6

5.0 18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 4.2

138.4

2.0

140.4

5.0 18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 0.0

134.1

2.0

136.1

5.0 18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 0.0

134.1

2.0

136.1

5.0 18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 0.0

134.1

2.0

136.1

5.0 18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 0.0

134.1

2.0

136.1

5.0 18.1 42.2 4.0 6.1 6.0

81.4

52.7 0.0

134.1

2.0

136.1

53.7

-N VI

Revenues

Electricity price Biogas price Fertilizer

Year

Biogas sales Electricity savings Electricity sales

Fertilizer

Total

Cash-flow for financial

Year

planning

53.0 10.0 0.0

1.0

2.6 57.2

189.1 0.0

248.9

0.0

2.0

2.6 57.2

189.1 0.0

248.9

1.0

3.0

2.6 57.2

189.1 0.0

248.9

2.0

4.0

2.6 57.2

189.1 0.0

248.9

3.0

5.0

2.6 57.2

189.1 0.0

248.9

4.0

6.0

2.6 57.2

189.1 0.0

248.9

5.0

7.0

2.6 57.2

189.1 0.0

248.9

6.0 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cash inflow

Total equity Total loans

Sales revenues

Cash outflow


eperating cost Marketing cost

Corporate tax Interest

Loan repayment Dividends paid


1058.9

529.4 529.4

1058.9

844.7 214.1

0.0 0.0

248.9

248.9

272.6

12.7 81.4

2.0 17.6 42.4 52.9 63.5

-23.6 -23.6

248.9

248.9

256.7

81.4 2.0

18.7 38.1 52.9 63.5

-7.7 -31.4

248.9

248.9

253.5

81.4 2.0

19.7 33.9 52.9 63.5

-4.6 -35.9

248.9

248.9

250.3

81.4 2.0

20.8 29.6 52.9 63.5

-1.4 -37.3

248.9

248.9

247.1

81.4 2.0

21.8 25.4 52.9 63.5

1.8 -35.5

248.9

248.9

243.9

81.4 2.0

22.9 21.2 52.9 63.5

5.0 -30.6

8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0

------------------------------------------------------------------------2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

57.2 57.2 57.2 57.2 57.2 57.2 57.2 57.2 189.1 189.1 189.1 189.1 189.1 189.1 189.1 189.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9

7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0

248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9

248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9

240.8 237.6 234.4 231.2 175.1 175.1 175.1 175.1 175.1

81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

24.0 25.0 26.1 27.1 28.2 28.2 28.2 28.2 28.2 16.9 12.7 8.5 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52.9 52.9 52.9 52.9 63.5 63.5 63.5 63.5 63.5 63.5 63.5 63.5 63.5

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------8.1 11.3 14.5 17.7 73.8 73.8 73.8 73.8 73.8

-22.4 -11.1 3.4 21.1 94.9 168.7 242.5 316.3 390.0


Year


Taxable profit


Net profit

Dividends payable

Retained profit

cash flow table

Year

Cash inflow

Revenues

Cash outflow

1.0

248.9 178.5

70.4

17.6

52.8

63.5

-10.7

0.0

0.0

0.0

1058.9

Investment 1058.9 Increase in net working capital


Corporate tax paid

Net cash flow cumulative net cash flow

NPV IRR

-1058.9 -1058.9

16.243 10.298

2.0

248.9 174.2

74.7

18.7

56.0

63.5

-7.5

1.0

248.9

248.9

110.5

9.5 81.4

2.0 17.6

138.4 -920.4

3.0

248.9 170.0

78.9

19.7

59.2

63.5

-4.3

2.0

248.9

248.9

102.1

81.4 2.0

18.7

146.9 -773.6

4.0

248.9 165.8

83.1

20.8

62.4

63.5

-1.2

3.0

248.9

248.9

103.1

81.4 2.0

19.7

145.8 -627.8

5.0

248.9 161.5

87.4

21.8

65.5

63.5

2.0

4.0

248.9

248.9

104.2

81.4 2.0

20.8

144.7 -483.0

6.0

248.9 157.3

91.6

22.9

68.7

63.5

5.2

5.0

248.9

248.9

105.2

81.4 2.0

21.8

143.7 -339.3

7.0

248.9 153.1

95.9

24.0

71.9

63.5

8.4

6.0

248.9

248.9

106.3

81.4 2.0

22.9

142.6 -196. 7

-N 00

8.0

248.9 148.8

100.1

25.0

75.1

63.5

11.5

7.0

9.0

248.9 144.6

104.3

26.1

78.2

63.5

14.7

~0

10.0

248.9 140.4

108.6

27.1

81.4

63.5

17.9

9.0

11.0

248.9 136.1

112.8

28.2

84.6

63.5

21.1

10.0

12.0

248.9 136.1

112.8

28.2

84.6

63.5

21.1

11.0

13.0

248.9 136.1

112.8

28.2

84.6

63.5

21.1

12.0

14.0

248.9 136.1

112.8

28.2

84.6

63.5

21.1

13.0

15.0

248.9 136.1

112.8

28.2

84.6

63.5

21.1

14.0 15.0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9

248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9 248.9

107.4 108.4 109.5 110.5 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6

81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

24.0 25.0 26.1 27.1 28.2 28.2 28.2 28.2 28.2

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------141.6 140.5 139.4 138.4 137.3 137.3 137.3 137.3 137.3 -55.2 85.3 224.8 363.2 500.5 637.8 775.2 912.5 1049.8

Scrap

53.7

53.7

53.7 1103.6

......... N 1.0


Year

Investment


Interest

Revenues




o.o

1058.9

1.0

9.5

178.5 52.7 42.4

248.9

61.0 15.2

45.7 42.4

88.1 52.7

2.0

174.2 52.7 38.1

248.9

74.7 18.7

56.0 38.1

94.1 52.7

3.0

170.0 52.7 33.9

248.9

78.9 19.7

59.2 33.9

93.1 52.7

4.0

165.8 52.7 29.6

248.9

83.1 20.8

62.4 29.6

92.0 52.7

5.0

161.5 52.7 25.4

248.9

87.4 21.8

65.5 25.4

90.9 52.7

6.0

157.3 52.7 21.2

248.9

91.6 22.9

68.7 21.2

89.9 52.7

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total


Calculation of the

Year

Output


flow

national

Value added cumulative value added

NNVA

1058.9 -1058.9

0.0

value added

0.0

0.0

1058.9

-1058.9 -1058.9

696.3

140.8 140.8

-918.1 1.0

1.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 -819.0

146.9 146.9

-771.2 2.0

2.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 -579.0

145.8 145.8

-625.4 3.0

3.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 -339.1

144.7 144.7

-480.7 4.0

4.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 -99.2

143.7 143.7

-337.0 5.0

5.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 140.7

142.6 142.6

-194.4 6.0

6.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 380.6

-N -0

7.0

153.1 52.7 16.9

248.9

95.9 24.0

71.9 16.9

8.0

148.8 52.7 12.7

248.9

100.1 25.0

75.1 12.7

9.0

144.6 52.7 8.5

248.9

104.3 26.1

78.2 8.5

10.0

140.4 52.7

4.2

248.9

108.6 27.1

81.4 4.2

11.0

136.1 52.7 0.0

248.9

112.8 28.2

84.6 0.0

12.0

136.1 52.7 o.o

248.9

112.8 28.2

84.6 o.o

13.0

136.1 52.7 0.0

248.9

112.8 28.2

84.6 0.0

14.0

136.1 52.7 0.0

248.9

112.8 28.2

84.6 0.0

15.0

136.1 52.7 0.0

248.9

112.8 28.2

84.6 0.0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------88.8 87.8 86.7 85.7 84.6 84.6 84.6 84.6 84.6 52.7 52.7 52.7 52.7 52.7 52.7 52.7 52.7 52.7

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------141.6 141.6 -52.8

7.0

7.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 620.5

140.5 140.5

87.7 8.0

8.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 860.4

139.4 139.4 227.2

9.0

9.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 1100.4

138.4 138.4 365.5 10.0

10.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 1340.3

137.3 137.3 502.9 11.0

11.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 1580.2

137.3 137.3 640.2 12.0

12.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 1820.1

137.3 137.3 777.5 13.0

13.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 2060.0

137.3 137.3 914.8 14.0

14.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 2299.9

137.3 137.3

1052.2 15.0

15.0

248.9

5.0 4.0

239.9 2539.8


Capacity

variable cost Fixed cost

Total cost

Electricity savings Biogas sales

Electricity sales Fertilizer

Revenues

Revenues - cost

Capacity


Total cost

Electricity savings Biogas sales

Electricity sales Fertilizer

Revenues

Revenues - cost

0.0

o.o 131.1

131.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

-131.1

60.0

3.0 131.1

134.1

57.2 2.6

82.9 o.o

142.7

8.6

10.0

0.5 131.1

131.6

28.6

0.0

28.6

-103.0

70.0

3.5 131.1

134.6

57.2 2.6

109.4 o.o

169.2

34.6

20.0

1.0 131.1

132.1

57.2 0.0

0.0

57.2

-74.9

80.0

4.0 131.1

135.1

57.2 2.6

136.0 0.0

195.8

60.7

30.0

1.5 131.1

132.6

57.2 2.6 3.2 0.0

63.0

-69.6

90.0

4.5 131.1

135.6

57.2 2.6

162.5 0.0

222.4

86.7

40.0

2.0 131.1

133.1

57.2 2.6

29.7 0.0

89.6

-43.6

100.0

5.0 131.1

136.1

57.2 2.6

189.1 o.o

248.9

112.8

50.0

2.5 131.1

133.6

57.2 2.6

56.3 0.0

116.1

-17.5

Sensitivity of the CSTR system with generator


8 324.2 8 1127.1 10 179.1 10 880.6 20 -226.1 20 170.3 30 -381 30 -125.1 35 -419


45 17.4 10.3 7.4 658.7 50 118.5 12.2 6.7 797.3 53 179.1 13.3 6.3 880.6 55 219.6 14 6.1 936 60 32.7 15.7 5.6 1074.7 65 421.8 17.4 5.2 1213.4 - 70 522.8 19.1 4.8 1352.1 N

....... 75 623.9 20.7 4.5 1490.8 N


0 179.1 13.3 6.3 880.6 1000 197.9 13.6 6.2 905.5 5000 272.7 14.9 5.8 1005.3

10000 366.3 16.5 5.4 1130.1 15000 459.9 18 5 1255


0.25 161.4 12.9 6.5 880.6 0.5 179.1 13.3 6.3 880.6

0.75 196.9 13.6 6.2 880.6


-20% 375.4 18.1 5 1058.4 0 179.1 13.3 6.3 880.6

+20% -17.1 9.7 7.7 702.7

eperating NPV IRR Pay-back NNVA

-20% 260.4 14.7 5.9 893 0 179.1 13.3 6.3 880.6

+20% -23.7 11.8 6.9 868.1

Waste availability NPV

100 179.1 75 -165.2


0 382 16.7 5.4 880.6 ...... 25 179.1 13.3 6.3 880.6 N

...... 50 -23.7 9.5 7.7 880.6 w


No sharing Sharing

NPV 179.1 317.6 IRR 13.3 16.6

Pay-back 6.3 5.4 NNVA 880.6 1024.6

Sensitivity of the CSTR system with both applications


8 140.1 8 921 10 16.2 10 696.3 20 -328.3 20 52.4 30 -456.1 30 -211.4 35 -485.8


45 -127.1 7.6 8.7 498.9 50 -37.5 9.3 7.8 622.3 53 16.2 10.3 7.4 696.3 55 52.1 10.9 7.1 745.7 60 141.7 12.5 6.5 869

......... 65 231.3 14.1 6 992.4 N

......... 70 320.9 15.6 5.6 1115.7 .j::o.

75 410.5 17 5.3 1239.1


0 2.7 10.1 7.5 678.3 10 16.2 10.3 7.4 696.3 20 29.8 10.5 7.3 714.3 30 43.3 10.8 7.2 732.4 40 56.8 11 7.1 750.4 50 70.3 11.3 7 768.4 60 83.8 11.5 6.9 786.4 70 97.4 11.8 6.8 804.5


0 16.2 10.3 7.4 696.3 1000 35 10.6 7.2 721.3 5000 109.8 12 6.7 821.1

10000 103.4 13.6 6.2 945.9 15000 297 15.2 5.7 1070.7


0.25 -2.3 10 7.6 696.3 0.5 16.2 12.3 7.4 696.3

0.75 34.8 10.6 7.2 696.3


-20% 221.3 14.8 5.8 882.1 0 16.2 10.3 7.4 696.3

+20% -188.7 7 9 510.5


-20% 99.6 11.8 6.8 708.8 0 16.2 10.3 7.4 696.3

+20% -67.2 8.7 8.1 683.9 ,_. N Waste availability NPV ,_. Vl

100 16.2 75 -328.1


0 174.1 13 6.5 696.3 25 16.2 10.3 7.4 696.3 50 -141.6 7.3 8.7 696.3

Appliances

Without With

NPV 32.2 16.2 IRR 10.6 10.3

Pay-back 7.3 7.4 NNVA 710.7 696.3

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket with electricity generation

Discount rate (r) Social rate of discount (SRD) Dividends paid Corporate tax

Total fixed investment cost

Item

Biogas plant

Site preparatien civil works


Contingencies



Other Contingencies

Total

Pre-production cost

Item


Contingencies

Total

10 10 12 25

Local

131.3

o.o 65.0 60.0 0.0 6.3

26.3

0.0 o.o o.o

25.0 1.3

157.5

Cost

241.5 70.0 15.6

327.1

Foreign

735.0

0.0 550.0 100.0

50.0 35.0

315.0

200.0 75.0 25.0 0.0

15.0

1050.0

Total

866.3

0.0 615.0 160.0

50.0 41.3

341.3

200.0 75.0 25.0 25.0 16.3

1207.5

~ -· = ~

= n -· ~ -~ = Q..

~ n 0 = 0 a -· g -

Net working capita!

Item

Current assets


Repair

Current liabilities

Net working capita!


Period

Amount

5.0 30.2 30.2

43.0

Loans

Construction

Coefficient

12.0 2.0

12.0

12.0

0.50

Loans

1.0

18.0

0.4 15.1

2.5

3.6

14.4

Equity

2.0

18.0

0.4 15.1

2.5

3.6

14.4

Production ~------------------------------------------------------------------------N Fixed investment

Pre-production Net working capita!

Total

1207.5 327.1

0.0

1534.6

603.8 163.5

0.0

767.3

603.8 163.5

767.3

14.4

14.4

3.0

18.0

0.4 15.1

2.5

3.6

14.4

4.0

18.0

0.4 15.1

2.5

3.6

14.4


10.0 8.0

=================================================================================================== UASB system ===================================================================================================

Year 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Co st

Depreciation Loan repayment Financial co st

of products sold

Year

Raw materials Labour

Repair & maintenance Laberatory + services

Energy Overheads

eperating cost


Production cost

Marketing cost


70.3 76.7 61.4

1.0

5.0 21.9 60.4 4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 61.4

235.0

2.0

237.0

70.3 76.7 55.2

2.0

5.0 21.9 60.4

4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 55.2

228.8

2.0

230.8

70.3 76.7 49.1

3.0

5.0 21.9 60.4 4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 49.1

222.7

2.0

224.7

70.3 76.7 43.0

4.0

5.0 21.9 60.4 4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 43.0

216.6

2.0

218.6

70.3 76.7 36.8

5.0

5.0 21.9 60.4 4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 36.8

210.4

2.0

212.4

70.3 76.7 30.7

6.0

5.0 21.9 60.4 4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 30.7

204.3

2.0

206.3

70.3 76.7 24.6

7.0

5.0 21.9 60.4

4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 24.6

198.1

2.0

200.1

,_. ~

+>-

========================================================================

======================================================================== 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 Salvage

70.3 76.7 18.4

8.0

70.3 76.7 12.3

9.0

70.3 76.7 6.1

10.0

70.3 70.3

0.0 0.0

11.0 12.0

70.3 70.3 70.3

0.0 0.0 0.0

13.0 14.0 15.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.0 21.9 60.4 4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 18.4

192.0

2.0

194.0

5.0 21.9 60.4 4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 12.3

185.9

2.0

187.9

5.0 21.9 60.4 4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 6.1

179.7

2.0

181.7

5.0 21.9 60.4 4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 0.0

173.6

2.0

175.6

5.0 21.9 60.4 4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 0.0

173.6

2.0

175.6

5.0 21.9 60.4

4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 o.o

173.6

2.0

175.6

5.0 21.9 60.4 4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 0.0

173.6

2.0

175.6

5.0 21.9 60.4

4.0 6.1 6.0

103.3

70.3 0.0

173.6

2.0

175.6

153.8

Revenues

Electricity price Fertilizer

Year

Electricity savings Electricity sales Fertilizer sales

Total

Cash-flow for financial planning

Year

Cash inflow

53.0 0.0

1.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

0.0

1534.6

2.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

1.0

269.8

3.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

2.0

269.8

4.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

3.0

269.8

5.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

4.0

269.8

6.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

5.0

269.8

7.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

6.0

269.8

~------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total equity Total loans

Sales revenues

Cash outflow



Corporate tax Interest

Loan repayment Dividends paid


767.3 767.3

1534.6

1207.5 327.1

0.0 0.0

269.8

361.8

18.0 103.3

2.0 8.2

61.4 76.7 92.1

-92.0 -92.0

269.8

339.1

103.3 2.0 9.7

55.2 76.7 92.1

-69.3 -161.3

269.8

334.5

103.3 2.0

11.3 49.1 76.7 92.1

-64.7 -226.0

269.8

329.9

103.3 2.0

12.8 43.0 76.7 92.1

-60.1 -286.1

269.8

325.3

103.3 2.0

14.3 36.8 76.7 92.1

-55.5 -341.7

269.8

320.7

103.3 2.0

15.9 30.7 76.7 92.1

-50.9 -392.6

......

8.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

7.0

269.8

9.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

8.0

269.8

10.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

9.0

269.8

11.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

10.0

269.8

12.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

11.0

269.8

13.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

12.0

269.8

14.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

13.0

269.8

15.0

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

14.0

269.8

15.0 Scrap

269.8 153.8

~------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0'\

269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 153.8

316.1 311.5 306.9 302.3 221.0 221.0 221.0 221.0 221.0 o.o

103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

17.4 18.9 20.5 22.0 23.6 23.6 23.6 23.6 23.6 24.6 18.4 12.3 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.7 76.7 76.7 76.7 92.1 92.1 92.1 92.1 92.1 92.1 92.1 92.1 92.1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------46.3 -41.7 -37.1 -32.5 48.8 48.8 48.8 48.8 48.8 153.8

-438.9 -480.6 -517.7 -550.2 -501.3 -452.5 -403.7 -354.8 -306.0 -152.3


Year


Taxable profit


Net profit

Dividends payable

Retained profit

Cash flow table

Year

Cash inflow

Revenues

Cash outflow

1.0

269.8 237.0

32.8

8.2

24.6

92.1

-67.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

1534.6

Investment 1534.6 Increase in net werking capita!


Corporate tax paid

Net cash flow Cumulative net cash flow

NPV IRR

-1534.6 -1534.6

-348.477 5.501

2.0

269.8 230.8

39.0

9.7

29.2

92.1

-62.8

1.0

269.8

269.8

128.0

14.4 103.3

2.0 8.2

3.0

269.8 224.7

45.1

11.3

33.8

92.1

-58.2

2.0

269.8

269.8

115.1

103.3 2.0 9.7

141.8 154.7 -1392.8 -1238.0

4.0

269.8 218.6

51.2

12.8

38.4

92.1

-53.6

3.0

269.8

269.8

116.6

103.3 2.0

11.3

153.2 -1084.9

5.0

269.8 212.4

57.4

14.3

43.0

92.1

-49.0

4.0

269.8

269.8

118.1

103.3 2.0

12.8

151.7 -933.2

6.0

269.8 206.3

63.5

15.9

47.6

92.1

-44.4

5.0

269.8

269.8

119.7

103.3 2.0

14.3

150.1 -783.1

7.0

269.8 200.1

69.7

17.4

52.2

92.1

-39.8

6.0

269.8

269.8

121.2

103.3 2.0

15.9

148.6 -634.5

....... w 00

8.0

269.8 194.0

75.8

18.9

56.8

92.1

-35.2

7.0

9.0

269.8 187.9

81.9

20.5

61.5

92.1

-30.6

8.0

10.0

269.8 181.7

88.1

22.0

66.1

92.1

-26.0

9.0

11.0

269.8 175.6

94.2

23.6

70.7

92.1

-21.4

10.0

12.0

269.8 175.6

94.2

23.6

70.7

92.1

-21.4

11.0

13.0

269.8 175.6

94.2

23.6

70.7

92.1

-21.4

12.0

14.0

269.8 175.6

94.2

23.6

70.7

92.1

-21.4

13.0

15.0

269.8 175.6

94.2

23.6

70.7

92.1

-21.4

14.0 15.0 Sc rap ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 153.8

269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 269.8 153.8

122.8 124.3 125.8 127.4 128.9 128.9 128.9 128.9 128.9 o.o

103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

17.4 18.9 20.5 22.0 23.6 23.6 23.6 23.6 23.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

147.0 145.5 144.0 142.4 140.9 140.9 140.9 140.9 140.9 153.8 -487.5 -342.0 -198.0 -55.5 85.4 226.3 367.2 508.1 649.0 802.8

-VJ

\Q


Year

Investment


Interest

Revenues




0.0

1534.6

1.0

14.4

237.0 70.3 61.4

269.8

18.4 4.6

13.8 61.4

75.2 70.3

2.0

230.8 70.3 55.2

269.8

39.0 9.7

29.2 55.2

84.5 70.3

3.0

224.7 70.3 49.1

269.8

45.1 11.3

33.8 49.1

82.9 70.3

4.0

218.6 70.3 43.0

269.8

51.2 12.8

38.4 43.0

81.4 70.3

5.0

212.4 70.3 36.8

269.8

57.4 14.3

43.0 36.8

79.9 70.3

6.0

206.3 70.3 30.7

269.8

63.5 15.9

47.6 30.7

78.3 70.3

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total


Calculation of the

Year

Output


flow

national

Value added Cumulative value added

NNVA

1534.6 -1534.6

0.0

value added

0.0

0.0

1534.6

-1534.6 -1534.6

408.248

145.4 145.4

-1389.2 1.0

1.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

154.7 154.7

-1234.4 2.0

2.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 260.8 -1273.8 -1013.0

153.2 153.2

-1081.3 3.0

3.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 -752.2

151.7 151.7

-929.6 4.0

4.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 -491.4

150.1 150.1

-779.5 5.0

5.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 -230.6

148.6 148.6

-630.9 6.0

6.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 30.2

-\.IJ -0

7.0

200.1 70.3 24.6

269.8

69.7 17.4

52.2 24.6

8.0

194.0 70.3 18.4

269.8

75.8 18.9

56.8 18.4

9.0

187.9 70.3 12.3

269.8

81.9 20.5

61.5 12.3

10.0

181.7 70.3 6.1

269.8

88.1 22.0

66.1 6.1

11.0

175.6 70.3 0.0

269.8

94.2 23.6

70.7 0.0

12.0

175.6 70.3 0.0

269.8

94.2 23.6

70.7 0.0

13.0

175.6 70.3 0.0

269.8

94.2 23.6

70.7 0.0

14.0

175.6 70.3 o.o

269.8

94.2 23.6

70.7 0.0

15.0

175.6 70.3 0.0

269.8

94.2 23.6

70.7 0.0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------76.8 75.3 73.7 72.2 70.7 70.7 70.7 70.7 70.7 70.3 70.3 70.3 70.3 70.3 70.3 70.3 70.3 70.3

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------147.0 147.0

-483.9 7.0

7.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 291.0

145.5 145.5

-338.3 8.0

8.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 551.8

144.0 144.0

-194.4 9.0

9.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 812.6

142.4 142.4 -51.9 10.0

10.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 1073.4

140.9 140.9

89.0 11.0

11.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 1334.2

140.9 140.9 229.9 12.0

12.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 1595.0

140.9 140.9 370.8 13.0

13.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 1855.8

140.9 140.9 511.7 14.0

14.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 2116.6

140.9 140.9 652.6 15.0

15.0

269.8

5.0 4.0

260.8 2377.4

-


Capacity


Total cost


Fertilizer

Revenues

Revenues - cost

0.0

0.0 168.6

168.6

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0

-168.6

10.0

0.5 168.6

169.1

57.2 0.0 0.0

57.2

-111.9

20.0

1.0 168.6

169.6

57.2 0.1 0.0

57.3

-112.3

30.0

1.5 168.6

170.1

57.2 26.7 0.0

83.9

-86.2

40.0

2.0 168.6

170.6

57.2 53.2 0.0

110.4

-60.1

Capacity 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 w------------------------------------------------------------------------------~ Variable cost 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 - Fixed cost 168.6 168.6 168.6 168.6 168.6

Total cost


Fertilizer

Revenues

Revenues - cost

171.6

57.2 106.4

0.0

163.6

-8.0

172.1

57.2 132.9

0.0

190.1

18.0

172.6

57.2 159.5

0.0

216.7

44.1

173.1

57.2 186.0

0.0

243.2

70.2

173.6

57.2 212.6

0.0

269.8

96.2

50.0

2.5 168.6

171.1

57.2 79.8 0.0

137.0

-34.1

Sensitivity of the UASB system with generator


8 -216.5 8 646 10 -348.5 10 408.2 20 -695.8 20 -262.7 30 -809.8 30 -524.8 35 -825.1


45 -510.3 3.2 12.5 186.3 50 -409.2 4.7 11.1 325 53 -348.5 5.5 10.4 408.2 55 -308.1 6.1 10.1 463.7 60 -207 7.5 9.2 512.4 65 -105.9 8.8 8.5 741.1

...... 70 -4.8 10.1 7.7 879.7 (,;J

...... 75 96.3 11.4 6.3 1018.4 N


0 -348.5 5.5 10.4 408.2 1000 -329.8 5.7 10.3 435.4 5000 -254.9 6.9 9.5 535.2

10000 -161.3 8 8.7 660 15000 -67.7 9.2 8.1 784.8


0.25 -374.3 5.2 10.7 408.2 0.5 -348.5 5.5 10.4 408.2

0.75 -321.6 5.8 10.1 408.2


-20% -55.4 9.4 8.1 676 0 -348.5 5.5 10.4 408.2

+20% -643 2.7 12.8 142.6


-20% -242.4 7 9.5 422.9 0 -348.5 5.5 10.4 408.2

+20% -454.2 4 11.7 398


100 -348.5 75 -710.6 -~ - Corporate tax NPV IRR Pay-back NNVA

~

0 -237.2 7.2 9.5 408.2 25 -348.5 5.5 10.4 408.2 50 -457.5 3.8 11.7 408.2


No sharing Sharing

NPV -348.5 -141.6 IRR 5.5 7.9

Pay-back 10.4 8.8 NNVA 408.2 623.4

R Pay-back

9.4 8.1 5.5 10.4 2.7 12.8

R Pay-back

7 9. 5 5.5 10.4

4 11.7

R Pay-back

7.2 9.5 5.5 10.4 3.8 11.7

i ons

ing

1.6 7.9 8.8 3.4

NNVA

676 408.2 142.6

NNVA

422.9 408.2

398

NNVA

408.2 408.2 408.2

Sensitivity of the UASB system with all


8 -427.6 8 439.9 10 -531.2 10 224 20 -802.5 20 -380.6 30 -882.1 30 -611 35 -892.5


45 -683.8 0.3 14.6 26.6 50 -585.8 1.9 12.9 150 53 -531.2 2.7 12.1 224 55 -495.3 3.3 11.6 273.3 60 -405.7 4.6 10.5 396.7 65 -316.1 5.9 9.7 520.1 ......

~ 70 -226.5 7.1 8.9 643.4 ...... 75 -136.9 8.3 8.3 766.8 .j:::o.


0 -544.7 2.5 12.3 206 10 -531.2 2.7 12.1 224 20 -517.6 2.9 11.9 242 30 -504.1 3.2 11.7 260 40 -490.6 3.4 11.5 278.1 50 -477.1 3.6 11.4 296.1 60 -463.6 3.8 11.2 314.1 70 -450 4 11 332.2


0 -531.2 2.7 12.1 224 1000 -512.4 3 11.8 249 5000 -437.6 4.2 10.9 348.8

10000 -344 5.5 9.9 473.6 15000 -250.4 6.8 9.1 598.4


0.25 -558.8 2.4 12.4 224 0.5 -531.2 2.7 12.1 224

0.75 -513 3 11.9 224


-20% -229.3 6.3 9.4 497.6 0 -531.2 2.7 12.1 224

+20% -851.5 0.2 >15 -49.5


-20% -423.5 4.4 10.7 236.4 0 -531.2 2.7 12.1 224

+20% -643.5 0.9 13.9 211.6


100 -531.2 - 75 -927.1 VJ -VI Corporate tax NPV IRR Pay-back NNVA

0 -467 3.9 11.2 224 25 -531.2 2.7 12.1 224 50 -595.3 1.5 13.2 224

Appliances Without With

NPV -515.2 -531.2 IRR 2.9 2.7

Pay-back 11.9 12.1 NNVA 238.4 224

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