International Research Conference on Business Economics,
Information Technology and Social Sciences
October 13th - 14th Turim Europa Hotel, Lisbon, Portugal.ISBN:978-91-88873-07-1
EISS - 2018 Program Book & Schedule
Office of European Academic Research Consortium
European Academic Research Consortium Page 1
Table of Contents Welcome Letter p. 2
2018 EARC Sponsors p. 3
EARC Organizing Committee p. 4
EARC Scientific Committee p. 5
Getting Around p. 6
Pre-session Activities p. 7
Session Activities p. 8
Conference Attendees p. 9
Abstract Proceedings Track: Business, Management, Entrepreneurship and Social Sciences
Incentive regulation in electricity distribution: evidence from Brazil p. 11
Whither goes the DJIA? The problem of the divisor over time and the need to change the index
p. 12
Essential facilities doctrine in EU and US competition law p. 13
Regulation concerning GMO food in Polish law p. 14Dynamics of international coffee commercialization in Colombian SMEs p. 15
European Academic Research Consortium
Page 2
Welcome Letter Dear Participants of EARC 2018 On behalf of the European Academic Research Consortium (EARC), I am pleased to welcome you to this international meeting. We are excited to organize this conference and extend our hospitality to professionals from diverse countries. You bring astonishing capability to this conference, and we are excited to learn from your experiences, plans, and strategies. Your involvement with the ever-expanding dimensions of learning is invaluable and will help shape important research and outreach policies. We are grateful to many volunteers and to the companies that have made this conference possible. In true essence, the bar is set high, and we are grateful that your professional, academic, and entrepreneurial exchanges at the conference will move EARC forward to achieve a greater understanding of our role in improved learning. Sincerely,
We would like to extend our gratitude to the sponsor of this year’s EARC conference for all their support of this endeavor.
European Academic Research Consortium
Page 4
EARC Organizing Committee
Name Role
Dr. Mehwish Waheed Conference Executive
Dr. N. Ain Conference Organizer
Dr. U. Walker Conference Joint Chair
Dr. Bromwich D. Paul Conference Secretary
European Academic Research Consortium
Page 5
EARC Scientific Committee
Name Affiliation
Dr. Seyedeh Shiva Hashemi School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains
Prof. Dr. Natasa Stojan Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split
Dr. Sandra De Sousa Xavier Goiano Federal Institute
Prof. Aleksander Maziarz Kozminski University
Prof. Joanna Kielin – Maziarz Kozminski University
Prof. Richard D. Gritta University of Portland
Prof. Miller Akyeampong University of Sussex
Prof. Dr. Martin Anechitoae Faculty of Law and Administrative Sciences, University of Constanta
Paula Andrea Garcia Ortiz University of Ibague
Assoc. Prof. Ronay C. Burlacu Technical University “Gh. Asachi” Iasi
Dr. Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah College of Administration and Economics, University of Basrah
European Academic Research Consortium
Page 6
Getting Around Lisbon Airport Lisbon airport is about 6 miles/9km from the City Centre. The Airport shuttle Aerobus 1 departs every 20 mins from outside the Arrivals Hall and stops at Entrecampos, Saldanha, Marquês de Pombal, Avenida da Liberdade, Rossio and ends at the Cais do Sodré railway station. Aerobus 2 runs from the airport every 25 mins. It also leaves from outside the Arrivals hall. This route links the airport with the Financial District around Sete, Avenida José Malhoa and the Praça de Espanha. There is also one all night bus at the airport, Route 208. Commuter buses, the ordinary city buses numbers 744 and 783 have early journeys to and from the City Centre. They serve most of the stops along the Aerobus 1 route but are slower. Route 783 runs from the airport into the city until midnight every night. There is a night bus (number 208) every 30 - 60 minutes every night between the airport and the City Centre. To commute within the city, Viva Viagem/7 Colinas cards (cost €0.50, add credit in €5 denominations) can be used as quick and easy way to pay for journeys on public transport. Cards can be loaded with day passes and/or Zapping fares for use on Metro, Bus, Tram, Ferry & Train. Taxi In case you want to avoid public transportation, then opt for one of the official taxi services such as Taxi MyTaxi, Uber, Cabify, 99Taxis and Taxify, as a solution.
European Academic Research Consortium
Page 7
Conference Agenda (Day 01) Pre-Session Activities
October 13th, 2018
Time Activity
9:00 a.m. to 9.30 am. Registration and Kit Distribution
9:30 a.m. to 9:40 a.m. Introduction of Participants
9:40 a.m. to 9:50 a.m. Inauguration and Opening Address
9:50 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. Grand Networking Session
10:00 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. Tea/Coffee Break
European Academic Research Consortium
Page 8
Session Activities (10:30 am – 01:00 pm) TRACK: Business Economics, Information Technology and Social Sciences
October 13th, 2018 – Day 01
PRESENTER Topic
Dr. Sandra de Sousa Xavier Incentive regulation in electricity distribution: evidence from Brazil
Dr. Richard D. Gritta Whither goes the DJIA? The problem of the divisor over time and the need to change the index
Dr. Aleksander Maziarz Essential facilities doctrine in EU and US competition law
Dr. Joanna Kielin - Maziarz Regulation concerning GMO food in Polish law
Paula Andrea Garcia Ortiz Dynamics of international coffee commercialization in Colombian SMEs
European Academic Research Consortium
Page 9
Conference Attendees The following scholars/ practitioners/educationists who don’t have any paper presentation, however they will attend the conference as delegates & observers. October 13th, 2018 – Day 01
S.No ID Name Affiliation
1. EISS-102A Dr. Thomas Michalski Orthomedplus Center of Health and Medicine
European Academic Research Consortium
Page 10
Conference Agenda (Day 02)
October 14th, 2018 – Day 02
The second day of the conference is for leisure activities. Participants and guests are free to explore the city at their own.
European Academic Research Consortium
Page 11
Abstract of 2018 EARC Sessions
TRACK: Business Economics, Information Technology, and Social Sciences
Author(s) *Presenter Sandra de Sousa Xavier
Title
Incentive regulation in electricity distribution: evidence from Brazil
Affiliation Goiano Federal Institute, Campos Belos, Brazil Corresponding Email: [email protected]
Abstract: To avoid the perverse incentive of distribution companies to shift operating costs to capital costs, European regulators have adopted total costs in efficiency models. However, in Brazil, operating costs are the subject of incentive regulation, while capital costs remain partially regulated by the cost of service scheme. Most efficiency studies on energy distribution companies in Brazil are restricted to analyzing operating costs. This study aims to fill this gap by adopting an integrated total cost benchmarking approach for these companies. For this purpose, we developed four models with non-decreasing returns to scale and input-orientation and tested them with a dataset of 60 Brazilian distribution companies for the period 2008–2012 using Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The sample data are segregated into two periods: from 2008 to 2010 to calculate the efficient frontier, and from 2011 to 2012 to validate the models. The results indicated that energy distribution companies average 0.70 to 0.84 efficient, indicating room for improvement. In economic terms, the total costs estimated averaged 7% lower than those practiced, which represents a reduction of approximately R$ 40 million per year. The Brazilian regulator needs to pay special attention to these inefficient distribution companies. This efficiency study concludes that, in theory, there is potential for cost savings in the energy distribution segment in Brazil. However, it is necessary to find a balance between the incentive to save total costs and, at the same time, ensure that desirable long-term investments are undertaken.
European Academic Research Consortium
Page 12
TRACK: Business Economics, Information Technology, and Social Sciences
Author(s) *Presenter Richard D. Gritta1, Brian Adams2
Title
Whither goes the DJIA? The problem of the divisor over time and the need to change the index
Affiliation 1,2 University of Portland, Portland, Oregon Corresponding Email: [email protected]
Abstract: The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is arguably the world’s most widely watch stock market index. It is calculated as a simple unweighted arithmetic mean or average. Previous papers noted several flaws with the calculation which limits its usefulness as an overall or broad market gauge. Those flaws include its small sample size and it use of the summed market prices, not the summed market values of the component stocks. There is also the problem of the necessity to revise the divisor when stock dividends and splits occur. This brief paper will examine the “divisor problem” in far more detail than the earlier papers. The paper will first review the calculation of the average and briefly review prior flaws. It will then explore the large number of divisor revisions during the period 1926, when the current calculation was constructed, through 2016. These changes have been the result of numerous stock splits and stock dividends over time. The direct result of all these divisor changes has been the steady and persistent decline in the meaning of a point change. It will be argued that, sooner or later, the calculation of the Dow may have to be changed.
European Academic Research Consortium
Page 13
TRACK: Business Economics, Information Technology, and Social Sciences
Author(s) *Presenter Aleksander Maziarz
Title
Essential facilities doctrine in EU and US competition law
Abstract: Essential facilities doctrine was created by US courts in the beginning of the XX century but it was never confirmed by any US Supreme Court judgment. In EU the doctrine was adopted by EU Commission and EU courts. The doctrine is controversial in its nature. It forces dominant company to open its facilities to be used by its competitors. Such facilities are considered to be essential for competitors because without it competitors would not be able to operate on the market. Moreover, facilities are essential because competitors cannot duplicate it. So essential facilities doctrine assures competition on the market by forcing dominant company to perform in a given way. The essential facilities doctrine can be misunderstood since it can be argued what means to be essential facility. The same is with the ability to duplicate the essential facility by competitors. It can be said that such doctrine can be misused by competitors because they can use dominant’s company results of investments without bearing any own financial risk. The aim of the paper is to analyze two legal systems in which essential facilities doctrine is used by courts and administrative bodies – US and EU competition law. The result of such research is to determine the elements of the doctrine and find answer to the question – how far the doctrine can be used on the market against dominant companies.
European Academic Research Consortium
Page 14
TRACK: Business Economics, Information Technology, and Social Sciences
Abstract: The aim of the paper is to show the regulation concerning genetically modified food in Polish law and to reveal the legal problems which are connected with it. The question of the GMO evokes a lot of controversy. According to the survey made in 2010 by Eurobarometer in 27 countries more than half of respondents believe that food containing GMOs is not good for them as well as for their families. Polish Regulation concerning GMO depends on the one accepted by the European Union. Even though, according to the rules adopted lately by the European Union Member States have the larger possibility to act in the way which stay in accordance with its political and public will – there are still the great controversy while talking especially about GMO food. The aim of the paper is as first to show the EU regulation concerning GMO as the basis for Polish regulation. The key regulation while talking about genetically modified food are: Directive 2001/18/EC on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms, which was amended by the Directive 2015/412 regarding the possibility for the Member States to restrict or prohibit the cultivation of (GMOs) in their territory, Regulation 1829/2003 on genetically food and feed, and Regulation 1830/2003 concerning the traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and the traceability of food and feed products produced from GMO. The paper will show the problems concerning genetically modified corn, genetically modified forage and the question of use of the genetically modified organisms in the light of Polish law, especially taking into consideration Polish disagreement of the use of the genetically modified corn and on the other hand approval of the genetically modified forage – as the most productive and the cheapest for the farmer (especially when talking about genetically modified soya).
European Academic Research Consortium
Page 15
TRACK: Business Economics, Information Technology, and Social Sciences
Author(s) *Presenter Paula Andrea Garcia Ortiz1, Paola Henoe Meji2, Daniela Sanchez3
Title
Dynamics of international coffee commercialization in Colombian SMEs
Affiliation 1,2,3 University of Ibague, Colombia Corresponding Email: [email protected]
Abstract: The Coffee SMEs are fundamental axis in Colombian Development Economy. They have contributed to employment generation, exporting activities and GNP growth. Nevertheless, the coffee SMEs face various challenges in their organizational systems, especially, in their marketing processes, which limit their proper internationalization in highly attractive countries. These challenges have led to a partial or total neglect of coffee-growing vocation. In consequence, the research study aims to determine the main features of international coffee commercialization and to identify innovative business models in Colombia. To fulfill the objectives of this study, the descriptive design was used, supported by a qualitative approach, which includes interpretations of secondary and primary data. Secondary data is obtained from books, journals, and websites; primary data is collected by seven semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that the current marketing model does not allow promoting the competitiveness and sustainability of small coffee growers. The most appropriated model is Born Globals (BG), used by different participants in the marketing channel. This model allows small coffee companies to have a high entrepreneurial orientation in conjunction with the development of efficient relationships with intermediaries in their target markets.
