El morphology161014

Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, PhD Facilitator

SOUND •Phonetics •Phonology

STRUCT-URE

•Morphology •Syntax

MEANING • Semantics •Pragmatics

LINGUISTICS

English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico


Phrases, etc

word

syllable

sounds


PHONETICS

SOUNDS : FEATURES

PHONOLOGY

PHONEME: SYLLABLE

MORPHOLOGY

MORPHEME WORD DERIVATION

WORD

STRUCTURE

FEATURES PHONEME SYLLABLE MORPHEME WORD PHRASES CLAUSES

Root Affixes

cars car -s

beautifully beauty -ful; -ly

written write -en

nearly near -ly


morphemes

smallest unit of meaning

rootword - one morpheme-

word

Polysyllabic Words Rootword Prefix Suffix Morphemes

1. careless care -less 2

2. misleading lead mis- -ing 3

3. disloyalty loyal dis- -ty 3

4. disrespectfully respect dis- -ful; -ly 4

5. untruthfulness

6. previewer

7. shortened English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico

morpheme

free

content/ lexical

function

bound

derivational

inflectional


morphemes that can stand alone

content/lexical words

– nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs

function words – pronouns, prepositions, determiners,

conjunctions


affixes: prefixes, suffixes

derivational - make new words or change their categories

inflectional – changes the form of the word but not its meaning

- indicates grammatical function: number [singular/plural]

tense; comparatives; possessive English Language Pedagogy UCSI Vietnam EEP Asst Prof Dr. Jessie Grace Rubrico

make new words or change their categories

Noun > Adj care care+ -ful > careful care+ -less > careless Adj > Noun good good + -ness > goodness lovely lovely + -ness > loveliness


Base Suffix

Noun +-ful Adj beauty + -ful

Verb + -ment Noun establish + -ment

Verb + -er Noun do + -er; work + -er

Verb + -ive Adj prohibit + -ive

Noun + -en Verb light + -en Adjective + -en Verb short + -en

Adjective + -ness Noun good +-ness Adjective + -ly Adv beautiful + -ly



– changes the form of the word but not its meaning

-indicates grammatical function

number : plural or singular – boys, books possession : ownership –attached to nouns tense : past or present tense – dances, danced

Inflectional Morpheme

bound to nouns [Noun +] - –‘s / s’ (possessive) : Mary’s, the childrens’ –s (plural), books, boys

bound to verbs [Verb +] -s (3rd person, singular) – dances, watches -ing (present participle) – dancing, watching -ed (past tense) – danced, watched -en/-ed (past participle) - they’ve done it

bound to adjectives [Adj +] –er : darker - est : darkest


/indefiniteness/ - a before a consonant - a boy an before a vowel - an apple ▪ /plural/ ▪ cat + /plural/ -[s] after voiceless segment: [kæts] ▪ dog + /plural/- [z] after voiced segment : [dɔgz] [dɒgz] ▪ judge + /plural/-[әz] after voiced segment

sheep + /plural/ - sheep + Ø : sheep man + /plural/ - æ > ε : men (suppletion)


storage of words in a language; dictionary

contents:

phonological information/pronunciation meaning, related words, sentence use spelling etymology (historical development)

> not contain in the mental lexicon


phonological information

- sounds and phonotactics

semantic information– meaning

morphological information –formation of relations in word: past tense (V), plural (N)

syntactic information -category (noun or verb) and usage


Content words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs

lexical morphemes denote concepts like objects, actions,

attributes, ideas, etc.

semantic content (meaning)

open class words – add new words: download, byte, email


Function words : determiners/ articles, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions

grammatical function- connect words to other words or phrases

closed class -articles a/an and the – marks definiteness/indef of nouns

preposition of -marks possession, etc.


Nouns

Adjectives

Verbs-

Adverbs – modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs –



Lexical/grammatical categories

1. words with parallel book –books ; dog - dogs nouns

forms belong to tall- taller-tallest adjectives

the same category small-smaller-smallest verbs

walk – walks, walked

play-plays-played

2. co-occurrence-

Nouns preceded by a determiner the cat, my car, an egg

take plural forms

regular book-books

irregular tooth – teeth, sheep-sheep


Lexical Categories Verbs preceded by modals will, can, may, might, etc

Adjectives take very, or too; more, the most

3. relying on the meaning or function

nouns name persons, places, things, etc.

adjectives name qualities or properties of nouns

verbs -describe action

transitive – requires a noun phrase after it (object)

Intransitive – does not require a noun after it

adverbs – modifying adjectives swiftly, sweetly, courageously, usually, quickly; very/too tall

modifying verbs often; here, soon, now

modifying adverbs very soon, really incredible


Grammatical Categories pronouns personal person- first, second, third

demonstrative this, these; that, those

interrogative who, what, etc.

relative- relates to the preceding NP

who, that, which, whose, whom–

indefinite someone, anyone, somebody

determiners: precede nouns

def/indef articles the, a, an

demonstratives this, that, these, those

possessives my, our, your, her

interrogatives which what, whose

prepositions -typically precede a noun

conjunctions

-conjunctions coordinating conjunctions and, but, or

-conjoin words of the same category

-subordinators subordinating conjunctions that, whenever, while, because

McGregor, William B. 2009. Linguistics: An Introduction. London: Continuum International Publishing Group.

O'Grady, William D., Archibald, John, [eds.] (2009). Contemporary Linguistic Analysis: An Introduction, 6th edition. Ontario: Pearson Education Canada.

Yule G. 2006. The study of language. Cambridge: CUP.


Date post:	23-Jan-2017
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