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El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a...

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El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning or end of an action in the past.
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Page 1: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3)

1. A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past.

2. The beginning or end of an action in the past.

Page 2: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

• Regular verb endings in the pretérito:

-AR -é -amos-aste -asteis-ó -aron

-ER/ IR -í -imos-iste -isteis-ió -ieron

Las terminaciones (del pretérito)

Page 3: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

All of these (in black) have the endings:-e -imos-iste -isteis-o, -ieron

Tener tuv-Estar estuv-Ir/Ser (fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueronPoder pud-Poner pus-Traer traj- Hacer hic- (hizo)Saber sup-Querer quis-Caber cup-Venir vin-Decir dij-Andar anduv-Ver (vi, viste, vio, vimos, visteis, vieron)Dar (di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron)

El PretéritoLos verbos irregulares

Page 4: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

Más verbos irregulares

• Verbs that end in –car, -gar, and –zar– -car: “c” becomes “qu”• Buscar, busqué, buscaste, etc.

– -gar: “g” becomes “gu”• Llegar, llegué, leegaste, etc.

– -zar: “z” becomes “c”• Almorzar, almorcé, almorzaste

• ONLY IN FIRST PERSON SINGULAR

El Pretérito

Page 5: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

Por ejemplo…

• Explicar– Expliqué– Explicaste– Explicó– Explicamos– Explicasteis – Explicaron

• Only the “yo” form changes the last letter

•Llegar• Llegué• Llegaste• Llegó• Llegamos• Llegasteis • llegaron

•Almorzar• Almorcé• Almorzaste• Almorzó• Almorzamos• Almorzasteis• Almorzaron

El Pretérito

Page 6: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

Verbos que cambien “i” a “y”

• LeerLeí LeimosLeiste Leisteis Leyó Leyeron

• Otros verbos como “leer”:– Caerse (se cayó, se cayeron)– Creer (creyó, creyeron)– Oir (oyó, oyeron)– Poseer (poseyó, poseyeron)

• Traer, atraer, and –guir verbs are exceptions to this rule

El Pretérito

Page 7: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

Verbos que terminen en “uir” (pero no “guir)

• Concluir– Concluí– Concluiste– Concluyó– Concluimos– Concluisteis – Concluyeron

• Otros verbos como “concluir”– Atribuir (atribuyó,

atribuyeron)– Construir (construyó,

construyeron)– Distribuir (distribuyó,

distribuyeron)

El Pretérito

Page 8: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

Y los cambios de raíz (stem changers)

• -ar stem changers are regular in the preterite• -ir stem changers changes “e” to “i” in él, ella, usted,

ellos, ella, ustedes forms

El Pretérito

Sentir (“e” to “ie” stem changer in present)

Sentí SentimosSentiste Sentisteis Sintió Sintieron

Page 9: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

Más cambios de raíz

• O to U• Dormir (“o” to “ue” in present)– Dormí– Dormiste– Durmió– Dormimos– Dormisteis – Durmieron

• Again, only in the él, ella, usted, ellos, ellas forms

El Pretérito

Page 10: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

El Imperfecto: los usos p.8-9

1. Descriptions in the past

2. Action that went on for a period of time but no specific. *No reference to its beginning or end.

3. Habitual action

4. Background orsetting

5. Time of day in past

6. Age in past

7. Mental or physical state in the past

*saber, conocer, querer, estar, creer, tener- usually imperfect

Page 11: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

-AR -aba -ábamos-abas -abais -aba -aban

-ER/ IR -ía -íamos-ías -íais-ía -ían

Las terminaciones (del imperfecto)

Page 12: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

Los Irregulares

• IR- iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban• SER- era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran• VER- veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían

el imperfecto

Page 13: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

Pretérito vs. Imperfecto

• Cuaderno p. 14

Page 14: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

El Presente Perfecto: los usos p. 16• Used to talk about events that have occurred in a

period of time that began in the past & continues to the present

• Today, this afternoon, this year, always, not yet• Formed with the present tense of haber and the past

participle of the verb

Page 15: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

La Formación el presente perfecto

• Formas de HABER + participio pasado

he hemoshas habéis + AR= adoha han ER/IR= ido

• “have” or “has” + past participle Ejemplos (inglés): he has seen, have you tried?, they haven’t eaten.

Past participle (en inglés)

Page 16: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

Escribe HABER + COMER en el presente perfecto:

He comido Hemos comidoHas comido Habéis comidoHa comido Han comido

Escribe HABER + VER en el presente perfecto:

He visto Hemos visto Has visto Habéis visto Ha visto Han visto

el presente perfecto

Page 17: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

• Ricardo ha grabado su película favorita.• Sus hermanos han grabado una

telenovela. *los participios pasados NO CAMBIAN*Solo las formas de HABER cambian

el presente perfecto

Page 18: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

Ejemplosel presente perfecto

• Yo he trabajado por más de ocho horas.• I have worked for more than eight hours.

• Este año tú has estado muy ocupado.• This year you have been very busy.

• Todavía no hemos leído todo el cuento.• We have not read the whole story yet.

Page 19: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

Reflexivos y “se” “se” y “no” se encuentra antes del verbo

(haber)1. No he comido hoy2. ¿Se ha bañado ya?3. No me he mejorado todavía

el presente perfecto

Haber + participio pasado“no” y “se” cannot break them up!

Page 20: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

Los irregulares parte 1 (con accentos)

• Caer Caído (fallen) • Reír Reído (laughed)• Leer Leído (read)• Oír Oído (heard)• Traer Traído (brought)• Creer Creído (believed)

el presente perfecto

Page 21: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

R roto (romper)E escrito (escribir)V visto (ver)V vuelto (volver)

M muerto (morir)A abierto (abrir)C cubierto (cubrir)

P puesto (poner)H hecho (hacer)D dicho (decir)

Los irregulares parte 2: REVV, MAC, PHD

el presente perfecto

Page 22: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

Más…• Describir – Descrito *like escribir• Devolver- devuelto *like volver• Resolver- Resuelto (resolved)- *like volver • Freír- Frito (fried)• Imprimir- Impreso (printed)• Satisfacer- satisfecho (satisfied)- *like hacer

*the past participles of verbs that end in –uir do not have accent marks*

el presente perfecto

Page 23: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

• Events that precede other events in the past • What had happened• Este verano fuimos a España. Nunca antes

habíamos ido al extranjero. (This summer we went to Spain. We had never gone abroad before.)

• Ayer recogí los pasajes que había reservado la semana pasada. (Yesterday I picked up the tickets that I had reserved last week.)

• Cuando Carlos llegó a la estación, el tren ya había salido. (When Carlos got to the station. the train had already left.)

el pluscuamperfecto: los usos p. 19

Page 24: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

La Formación

•Imperfecto de haber + participio pasado

•“had” + past participle •Ejemplo (inglés): he had seen the movie already when I asked him to go.

el pluscuamperfecto

• Imperfecto de HABER + participio pasado

había habíamoshabías habíais +

AR= adohabía habían

ER/IR= ido

Page 25: El Pretérito: los usos (p.2-3) 1.A single action or a series of actions that are completed within a particular period of time in the past. 2.The beginning.

¡Los irregulares son los mismos!• Parte 1- con accentos• Parte 2- REVV, MAC, PHF

el pluscuamperfecto

Haber + participio pasado“no” y “se” cannot break them up!

No te olvides….


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