El SubjuntivoEl Subjuntivo

Para expresar los deseos y las Para expresar los deseos y las esperanzasesperanzas

To express wishes, hopes, desires To express wishes, hopes, desires and preferences of someone else's and preferences of someone else's

actionsactions• The Subjunctive is a mood and is

frequently used to express an action that is desired but isn’t necessarily real or may or may not happen.

• The Indicative (present, preterite, imperfect, future…) is used to express actions that are, have or will definitely take place.

The subjunctive requires 2 subjects The subjunctive requires 2 subjects and “que”and “que”

• The sentence must have a main and a dependent clause.

• The verb in the main clause (indicative) calls for the need of the subjuntive in the dependent clause.

• The two must be connected by the conjunction “que”

ejemplosejemplos

• Mis padres quieren que yo reciba notas buenas.• My parents want me to get good grades.

• Main clause: • Querer in the present expressing want, 1st subject:

parents• Que connecting the clauses• Dependent clause:• Recibir in the subjunctive, 2nd subject: yo

• Why do we need the subjunctive?

• Unfortunately, just because my parents want me to get good grades, that doesn’t mean that I will.

• They want = indicative because that is the definite statement of fact.

• I get = subjuntive because I may or may not get good grades, this is the unknown.

How do we form the subjunctive How do we form the subjunctive mood?mood?

El SubjuntivoEl Subjuntivo

• Start with the Yo form of the present tense

• Drop the –o of the first person singular of the present tense

• Hablo como vivo

• Habl- com- viv-

Add opposite endings Add opposite endings

• -Ar

• -e• -es• -e• -emos• -éis• en

• Er/Ir

• -a• -as• -a• -amos• -áis• -an

HablarHablar ComerComer VivirVivir

1. Hablo Como Vivo2. Habl- Com- Viv-

3. Opposite endingshable coma vivahables comas vivashable coma vivahablemos comamos vivamoshabléis comáis viváishablen coman vivan

Irregular yo formsIrregular yo forms

• Remember there are many verbs with irregular yo forms in the present tense.

• ANY change or irregularity in the yo form of the present tense will also carry over into all the conjugations of the subjunctive.

• If it is in the yo form of the present tense it is in ALL the forms of the subjunctive

ExamplesExamples

• Poner Conocer Traer

Yo forms in present tense:

Pongo Conozco Traigo

To form the subjunctive we must take the yo form, drop the –o and add opposite endings…

PongoPongo ConozcoConozco TraigoTraigo

• Pong- Conozc- Traig-

add opposite endings

Ponga Conozca TraigaPongas Conozcas TraigasPonga Conozca TraigaPongamos Conozcamos TraigamosPongáis Conozcáis TraigáisPongan Conozcan Traigan

Irregular yo forms/ go in the yoIrregular yo forms/ go in the yo

Verb: Yo present:

Poner pongoHacer hagoTener tengoSalir salgoVenir vengoDecir digoOír oigo

Other irregular yo formsOther irregular yo forms

• Conocer conozco

• Conducir conduzco

• Traducir traduzco

• Construir construyo

Stem changing verbsStem changing verbs

• Ar and Er verbs have same stem change in the present subjunctive as they do in the present tense…all forms except nosotros and vosotros (o;ue, e;ie, e;i)

• Pensar Perder• Piense pierda• Pienses pierdas• Piense pierda• Pensemos perdamos• Penséis perdáis• Piensen pierdan

Ir stem changing verbsIr stem changing verbs

• Ir verbs that stem change in the present show the same stem change in the present subjunctive, but will also show a slight change in the nosotros and vosotros forms.

Dormir

Duerma, duermas, duerma, durmamos, durmáis, duermen

SentirSentir ServirServir

Sienta Sirva

Sientas Sirvas

Sienta Sirva

Sintamos Sirvamos

Sintáis Sirváis

Sientan Sirvan

Irregular present subjunctive verbsIrregular present subjunctive verbs

• Dar Estar Ir Saber Ser

DarDar

Dé Demos

Des Deis

Dé den

EstarEstar

Esté Estemos

Estés Estéis

esté Estén

IRIR

Vaya Vayamos

Vayas Vayáis

vaya vayan

SaberSaber

Sepa Sepamos

Sepas Sepáis

sepa sepan

SERSER

Sea Seamos

Seas Seáis

Sea Sean

PracticamosPracticamos

I want my friends to be happyI want my friends to be happy

• Yo quiero que mis amigos estén felices.

My parents want me to do my My parents want me to do my homeworkhomework

• Mis padres quieren que hago mi tarea.

Our teachers want us to study.Our teachers want us to study.

• Nuestros profesores quieren que estudiemos.