ELC 200 Day 10. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall 2 Agenda Assignment #3...

WWWWWW

ELC 200

Day 10

2WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall

Agenda

• Assignment #3 Corrected– 2 A’s, 10 B’s, 3 C’s, 1 D, 2 F’s and 1 non-submit

• Assignment #4 due • Next Quiz is on Feb 18

– Chap 4-7 of text

– 15 M/C (60 Points), 4 Short Essay (40 Points)

– Extra credit ---the story of “bob.com”

• Today is a discussion on Mobile Commerce

WWWWWW

Chapter 7Mobile Commerce—

The Business of Time


Contents

• What Is M-Commerce?• Why Wireless?• Critical Success Factors• How Wireless Technology Is Employed• Wireless LAN• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)• Implications for Management


What Is M-Commerce?

• M-commerce is the transmission of user data without wires

• It also refers to business transactions and payments conducted in a non-PC-based environment

• The main categories are:– Information based

• Find info– Transaction services

• Do something– Location-centric

• Based on where or when


Why Wireless?

• The wireless Web is a technological frontier, open and growing. It traces its roots to the invention of the radio back in 1894 by Marconi

• Wireless networking makes it possible to connect two or more computers without the bulky cables, giving the benefits of a network with little or no labor


Why Wireless? (cont.)

• The whole wireless initiative is launching a new battle against time– You become accessible even while moving

• The focus is on anywhere

• The US is behind Japan and Finland– Gives us existing models to study


Key Benefits

M-commerce offers several benefits:

• Convenience

• Flexibility

• Efficiency

• Anytime, anywhere access


Key Limitations

Wireless limitations address: – Distance

– Speed

– Crawling pornography

– Security and security factors

Tracking users is the number one privacy concern

Cell phones and wireless computers are traceable by triangulation


Critical Success Factors

In m-commerce, four critical success factors need to be monitored: – Mobility

• Enhances mobility

– Personalization– Global standardization

• Ubiquitous useability• Big problem with Cell Phones

– Customer profiling


How Wireless Technology Is Employed ?

• Wireless LAN

• Bluetooth

• Satellite Technology

• 2G Digital Cellular Technology

• Palm Pilot

• Cellular Phones


Wireless LAN

• The most common standard for wireless networking is Wireless Local Area Networks, or WLAN

• WLAN design is flexible and is becoming cheaper to deploy, but it travels only 150 feet


Typical 802.11 Wireless LAN Operation with Access Points

Switch

Client PCServer

Large Wired LAN

AccessPoint A

AccessPoint B

UTP Radio Link

HandoffIf mobile computermoves to another

access point,it switches serviceto that access point

Notebook

CSMA/CA+ACK

UTP



WirelessNotebook

NIC

Access Point

IndustryStandard

CoffeeCup

To EthernetSwitch

Antenna(Fan) PC Card

Connector



D-LinkWirelessAccessPoint


LinksysSwitchWith

Built-InWirelessAccess Point




• The Wireless Station sends an 802.11 frame to a server via the access point

• The access point is a bridge that converts the 802.11 frame into an 802.3 Ethernet frame and sends the frame to the server

MobileStation

AccessPoint

EthernetSwitch

Server

802.11Frame

802.3Frame


802.11 Wireless LAN Speeds• 802.11 2 Mbps (rare)

2.4 GHz band (limited in bandwidth)

• 802.11b 11 Mbps, 2.4 GHz3 channels/access point

• 802.11a 54 Mbps, 5 GHz (> bandwidth than 2.4 GHz)11 channels/access point

• 802.11g 54 Mbps, 2.4 GHzlimited bandwidth


Ad Hoc 802.11 Networks• Ad Hoc Mode

– There is no access point.

– Stations broadcast to one another directly

– Not scalable but can be useful for SOHO use

– NICs automatically come up in ad hoc mode

Module C


802.11 Security• Attackers can lurk outside your premises

– In “war driving,” drive around sniffing out unprotected wireless LANs

– In “drive by hacking,” eavesdrop on conversations or mount active attacks.

Site with 802.11 WLAN

OutsideAttacker

DoonesburyJuly 21, 2002


Factors to Consider when choosing WLANS

• Range and coverage

• Throughput

• Security and integrity

• Cost and scalability

• User costs

• Standardization of WLANs


Bluetooth

• Bluetooth is a universal, low-cost, wireless connection standard.

• Intended for linking devices in a Personal Area Network (PAN)

• Key layers of Bluetooth are the – radio layer

• Physical layer (2.4 Ghz)– baseband layer

• Coverts data to signals – link manager protocol

• Security, authentication, and encryption

• Hacking of Bluetooth is called War Nibbling


Personal Area Networks (PANs)• Connect Devices On or Near a

Single User’s Desk– PC, Printer, PDA, Notebook

Computer, Cellphone

• Connect Devices On or Near a Single User’s Body– Notebook Computer, Printer, PDA,

Cellphone

• The Goal is Cable Elimination


Personal Area Networks (PANs)

• There May be Multiple PANs in an Area– May overlap– Also called piconets


Figure 5.11: Bluetooth Operation

File Synchronization

Client PCSlave

NotebookMaster

Printer SlavePrinting

Cellphone

Telephone

Piconet 1



Client PC

Notebook


Call Through CompanyPhone System

CellphoneMaster

Telephone Slave

Piconet 2



File Synchronization

Client PCSlave

NotebookMaster


Call Through CompanyPhone System

CellphoneMaster

Telephone Slave

Piconet 1

Piconet 2


Figure 5.10: 802.11 versus Bluetooth LANs

Focus

Speed

802.11 Bluetooth

Large WLANs Personal Area Network

11 Mbps to 54 MbpsIn both directions

722 kbps with backchannel of 56 kbps.

May increase.

Distance100 meters for 802.11b(but shorter in reality)

Shorter of 802.11a

Numberof Devices

Limited in practice onlyby bandwidth and traffic

Only 10 piconets,each with

8 devices maximum

10 meters(may increase)


Figure 5.10: 802.11 versus Bluetooth LANs

Scalability

Cost

Battery Drain

802.11 Bluetooth

Good through havingmultiple access points

Poor(but may get

access points)

Probably higher Probably Lower

Higher Lower

Discovery No Yes

Discovery allows devices to figure out how to work together automatically


Satellite Technology

• Most of today’s “long-haul” bulk data

transmission is made possible via

satellites circling the Earth

• A repeater in a satellite extends the distance of a physical link


GEO Satellite System

2. Point-to-PointUplink

3.BroadcastDownlink

4.Footprint5. Earth Station A Earth Station B

1.Geosynchronous

Satellite

Satellite appears stationary in sky (35,785 km or 22,236 mi)Far, so earth station needs dish antenna


LEO and MEO Satellite Systems

3. SmallOmnidirectional Transceiver

1. Currently Responsible LEO or MEO

2. Next ResponsibleLEO or MEO

A few thousands of km or miles (Low Earth Orbit) or tens of thousands of km (miles) (Medium Earth Orbit)

Closer than GEO, so omnidirectional transceivers can be usedUser is served by a succession of satellites


PDA’s

• It is a PDA that is small enough to fit in a shirt pocket, was easy to use, and can store a lot of information

• The two types of PDAs are handheld computers and palm-sized computers. The major differences between the two are size and display


Example PDA’s


Cellular Phones

• Wireless communications work around specific cells or geographic areas

• It employs a tower and antennas, and provides a link to the distant cellular switch called a Mobile Telecommunications Switching Office (MTSO)


Cellular Telephony

B

E

H

D

I

G

L

K

F

C

M

A

J

N

P

HandoffO

PSTNMobile TelephoneSwitching Office

1.Automatic

Handoff BetweenCellsites O to P as

Phone TravelsBetween

Cells


2G Digital Cellular Technology in use

• Trucking and Delivery industry– 2G digital cellular technology expedites vehicles in

motion

– Personal Digital Assistant (PDA): handheld device that scans information and transmits it to a terminal in a vehicle via wireless digital cellular technology

• UPS uses Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and Cellular Technology to expedite package delivery and tracking


Generations of Cellular Service

Generation First 2nd 2.5G 3G

Technology Analog Digital Digital Digital

Data TransferRate

Data TransferIs Difficult

10 kbps*20 kbps to144 kbps

144 kbpsto 2 Mbps

Channels ~800~800 +2,500

~800 +2,500

?

Cells/ ChannelReuse

Large/Medium

Small/High

Basedon 2G

?

*Sufficient for Short Message Service (SMS) and wireless Web accessusing the Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) or i-mode


Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

• An open, global, industry-wide mobile specification for wireless network architecture; application environment and a set of communication protocols

• Brings the WWW to mobile devices– Cell phone– PDA’s– HTML WML HTML


How WAP works?


WAP Benefits

• Most WAP benefits are reflected in wireless applications, which reduce the reaction time of mobile professionals

• Because of greater mobility and instant access to critical information, productivity can be increased dramatically from anywhere at any time


WAP Limitations

• Low-power• Limited Central processing units• Small screens with questionable clarity• Limited device memory• Small keypads and no mouse

– 26 letters with 12 button on cell phone• Questionable connections for reliability• High latency before making the connections.


WLAN Implications for Management

• Implementing wireless infrastructure requires careful steps, which include: – Evaluating corporate and wireless needs– Sending out an RFP, requesting a demo of the

proposed wireless system– Installing and testing the system– Training employees, and ensuring ongoing

maintenance


mCommerce Implications

• Location based marketing!– Get promotions based on where you are– Requires “Push” technology

• Location based information– Get information based on where you are– “Pull’ technology

• Mobile devices as payment systems• ???

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