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Effective Public SpeakingEffective Public Speaking

Three Types of Public Speaking

1. Speeches that inform:

• Explain• Report• Describe• Clarify• Define• Demonstrate

Three Types of Public Speaking

2. Speeches that persuade:

Designed to convince or influence beliefs or attitudes.

Three Types of Public Speaking

3. Speeches that entertain:

Use humour to influence and warm an audience up.

Three Main Speaking Styles

• Cool presenter• Hot presenter• Dull presenter

Four Basic Methods of Delivery

• Reading a manuscript verbatim.• From memory.• Speaking impromptu.• Speaking extemporaneously.

Getting Organized

The organized speaker is more likely to be thought of as competent and trustworthy.

How Long Should a Talk Be?

• “Long enough to reach the ground”• “There’s great power in words, if you don’t hitch

too many of them together.”• No one likes a speech that runs too long.• “Lord, fill my mouth with worthwhile stuff . . . and

nudge me when I’ve said enough.”• The more you have to say, and the more time you

take, the less people will remember.

Make up of Audience

• Superiors• Peers• Team members• Special interest groups• Mixed groups

Time to Outline

• Gather materials• Examples• Statistics• Testimony

The Preparation Outline

I. IntroductionII. Body

A. Main pointB. Main point

i. Sub sub-point

ii. Sub sub-point

III. Conclusion

The Preparation Outline

• Build the Body first.

The Preparation Outline

The Introduction:

Purpose of an Introduction

• Build enthusiasm for speaker.• Build enthusiasm for topic.• Establish a welcoming

atmosphere.• Boost credibility of speaker.

The Preparation Outline

Three things to do during an introduction: • Get their attention.• Startle the audience with an arresting

statement. • Arouse curiosity.

The Introduction:

The Preparation Outline

The Conclusion:

• Let the audience know you are ending.• Reinforce the central idea.• The conclusion should conclude the topic.

Visual Aids

“A picture is worth a thousand words”

Retentions with Visual Aids

• With visual aids – 82% within 24 hours– 62% three weeks later

• Without visual aids– 62% within 24 hours– 20% three weeks later

Tips for Using Visual Aids

• Avoid chalkboards.• Prepare visuals in advance.• Prepare them large enough.• Display them to be seen.• Avoid passing aid among audience.• Display aids only while discussing them.

Tips for Using Visual Aids

• Talk to audience, not visual aid.• Practice with visual aid.• Real objects make good visuals.• Computer presentations.

Body Language

• Verbal 7%• Tone of Voice 38%• Non-Verbal 55%

Body Language

• Body Posture• Hand Gesture– By your side.– Do not place your hands on the podium.– Hand gestures should be about chest level.– Open hand conveys openness and encourages

trust.

Facial Expressions

• Initial feeling an audience gets from a speaker comes through facial expressions.

• Be yourself.• Smile before you begin speaking.

Lag Time

• Average speaker 100-150 wpm• Slow speaker 80-90 wpm • Fast speaker Up to 170 wpm• Can listen to 450-600 wpm

We THINK 5 times faster than we talk!

Fast vs. Slow Talker

• The fast talker can be persuasive and expressive.

• The slow talker may imply apathy and indifference.

• Speak fast enough to keep people intrigued, but not so fast they feel uncomfortable or rushed.

Practice! Practice! Practice!

• Prepare the speaking outline.• Practice aloud.• Polish & refine delivery.• Present under similar conditions.

Appropriate Dress

“The outside appearance is frequently an index to the mind, and we should be careful what signs we hang

out for the world to judge of our faith” (MYP, p. 346).

Your aim when in public is to present a picture of poise and quiet serenity.

Guidelines for Appropriate Dress

• Avoid fabrics that wrinkle.• Dress traditionally.• Empty pockets.• Leave bag at your seat.• Use of color.• Tailored look gives more authority.• Choose comfortable shoes.

Appearance

• Posture– Sit up straight.– Stand up straight.– Maintain good posture.

Appearance

• Sitting– Keep your hands quiet and on your lap.– Put them to one side rather than in the middle of your lap.– Keep your knees together.– Place your feet out slightly farther than the knees.– Keep the soles of your shoes on the floor.– Avoid crossing your legs on the platform!

Appearance

• Standing– Assume what is called

the social stance.

Reduce Stage Fright

• Preparation & rehearsing75%• Deep breathing 12%• Mind control 10%

Tips to Overcoming Fear

• Pick your own subject matter.• Follow the “as if” principle.• Put on a happy face.• Think positively.• Picture your audience as friendly.• No apologies.• Pray again, again, and again.