Electric Cars in Arctic Regions

Michael Golub, Jing Zhang

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, UAF

Acknowledgements:

University of Alaska Fairbanks, Center for Research Services, Flint Hills Resources, Alaska EPSCoR, AUTC, INE

Motivation:

Electric cars’ (EVs) performance and their impact on air pollution and energy consumption in cold regions have not been studied yet.

Objective:

This research will study the impact of electric car usage on air pollution and energy consumption in Arctic regions.

Approaches:

- Conversion of electric cars.

- Study of electricity consumption and pollution reductions.

1986 Toyota Pick Up 1998 Chevrolet Metro

1981 VW Rabbit 1994 MTD Mower

Electric Vehicles Converted

Adaptor Template Construction

Adaptor and Coupler are unique components to each electric vehicle and need to be fabricated

Axis is Zeroed Digital Read Out (DRO)

Adaptor Plate Fabrication

x

y

(0,0)

(-2.565,6.1642)

(-5.8146, 2.3496)

(-5.9268, -2.0178)

(-3.8706, -4.3544)

(-2.6270, 6.4572)

(5.0248, 2.9492)

(6.1152, -1.3486)

Adaptor Plate Hole Positions

Rough Plate is mounted

Testing of Adaptor Plate

Coupler

Economic Analysis of Using EV’s (2007)

DistancDistancee

CostsCosts GasolinGasolinee

Used to Used to ChargeCharge

EquivaleEquivalentnt

18 18 milesmiles

16 16 cents/cents/

KWhKWh

$2.26 $2.26 gallongallon

11 KWh 11 KWh 23 23 mpggempgge

If charging at school :

2 x 23mpg = 46mpgSep 2006 - June 2007 - Drove Toyota 4x4 Daily and covered about 36

miles/day and did about 6,000 miles

DistancDistancee

CostsCosts GasolinGasolinee

Used to Used to ChargeCharge

EquivaleEquivalentnt

18 18 milesmiles

22 22 cents/cents/

KWhKWh

$4.19 $4.19 gallongallon

11 KWh 11 KWh 31 31 mpggempgge

If charging at school :

2 x 31mpg = 62mpgSep 2006 - June 2007 - Drove Toyota 4x4 Daily and covered about 36

miles/day and did about 6,000 miles

Economic Analysis of Using EV’s (2008)

Source of Electricity Source of Electricity GenerationGeneration

Data are acquired by Golden Valley Electric Association (GVEA)

Modeling of Well-to-Wheel Modeling of Well-to-Wheel Energy ConsumptionEnergy Consumption

(%, relative to gasoline vehicles fueled)(%, relative to gasoline vehicles fueled)

969.0%

385.7%

-17.0%-16.1% -73.9%

Total Energy Fossil Fuels Coal Natural Gas Petroleum

Using Argonne National Laboratory, GREET 1.8b

Modeling of Well-to-Wheel Modeling of Well-to-Wheel EmissionsEmissions

(%, relative to gasoline vehicles fueled)(%, relative to gasoline vehicles fueled)

-11.3%

17.8%

-59.6%

-10.9%

CO2 CH4 N2O GHGs

Using Argonne National Laboratory, GREET 1.8b

16.2%

335.1%

170.3%

837.0%

683.3%

-97.2%

-87.7%

-42.1%

-32.5%

-29.2%

-98.7%

-96.5%

-200.0% 0.0% 200.0% 400.0% 600.0% 800.0% 1000.0%

VOC

CO

Nox

PM10

PM2.5

Sox

Total Urban

Modeling of Well-to-Wheel Modeling of Well-to-Wheel Emissions in Urban and Rural Emissions in Urban and Rural

AreasAreas(%, relative to gasoline vehicles fueled)(%, relative to gasoline vehicles fueled)

Using Argonne National Laboratory, GREET 1.8b

Electric Car

Conversion

Course

Summer Session, UAF, 2008

UAF–Bristol Bay Campus Oct-Nov 2008 (2 weekends)

Winter Session, UAF, Jan 5-16, 2009

Barrow, March 2009

Mat-Su, May 2009

http://community.uaf.edu/~ffmig/http://community.uaf.edu/~ffmig/home.htm home.htm

ffmig@uaf.eduffmig@uaf.edu

For More Information:For More Information: