Center for Flow Physics and Control

College of EngineeringUniversity of Notre Dame

Tradition of Aerodynamic Research

Aerospace Building Hessert Laboratory

1888 1940 1992 2008

White Field LaboratoryZahm Manned Glider Flight

50,000 sq-ft of laboratory and office space

2001

Center for Flow Physics and Control (FlowPAC)

1920

What is Flow Physics and Control Control: Techniques for modifying fluid flows to

achieve desired outcomes Physics: Rely on basic understanding of the flow

to minimize control authority

(

Identified Need Basic Research

IMPACT

Applied Technology

Control

+ =

-15dBSound Reduction

(Flow Physics) (Control)

Signature Research Areas Aero-acoustics Aero-optics Fluid-structure

Interactions Gas-turbine

Propulsion Multi-phase Flows Sensors and Flow

Control Actuators

FlowPAC: Professional Recognition• GE University Strategic Alliance (USA) member • Honeywell Master Agreement• GM Master Agreement• Boeing R&D University (Pending)• ~ 22 Faculty

8 fellows of one or more professional societies 3 associate fellows of professional societies 4 books 6 editors or associate editors of technical journals

FlowPAC: Performance Trajectory6-year Growth Amount of Research Grants Number of Graduate Students Number of Undergraduate Students

AY03 AY04 AY05 AY06 AY07 AY08Graduate Students 28 32 36 40 50 60Undergraduate Students

5 10 10 10 10 12

Post-docs 2 4 5 6 6 6Research Faculty 2 2 2 2 2 2Visiting Faculty 2 2 2 1 3 3New Funding (M$) 1.20 2.60 4.90 6.20 10.62 6.50

FlowPAC: Industry PartnersConsortium Members• Boeing (R&D University)• General Electric (USA Member)• Honeywell (Master Agreement)• Bell Helicopter/Textron• Orbital Research†

Industry Partners• Pratt & Whitney• Northrop-Grumman• General Motors• Shell Oil• Chrysler• Philip Morris• AgilOptics• Spectral Energies†

• Volpe• Metro-laser• Photon• Aoptics• Innovative Technology Applications†

• Mach Zero†

• Xinetics† • MZA†

• Teledyne Scientific & Imaging† Small Business

FlowPAC: Government Funding

Air Force AFOSR ARO ONR Navy DARPA NSF NASA-Glenn NASA-Langley Cal. Energy Comm DoT DoE DoD Joint Technology Office

13 U.S. Government Funding Agencies

FlowPAC: Patents Averaging ~ 5 patent applications/year ~75% are joint patents with companies New patents awarded in AY08:

“DBD Plasma Actuator” Patent 7,380,756 B1 “Plasma Anemometer” Patent 7,275,013 B1

AY08 Highlights: White Field Lab

Hessert Laboratory

WHITE FIELDLABORATORY

10,000 sq-ft Offices for 5 Conference Room Model shop 3 Facilities: - Mach 0.6 Wind Tunnel - Transonic Compressor Facility - Transonic Turbine Facility

AY08 Highlights: Mach 0.6 Wind Tunnel

3’-sq x 9’ long test sections Large optical access Low turbulence Temperature controlled

1750 h.p. motor Variable r.p.m. a.c. 8’ diam., 2-stage fan 1000 ton-hr ice-storage chilled water cooling

AY08 Highlights: Compressor Facility

400 h.p. 15,000 r.p.m. Design tip-Mach: 1.1 Magnetic levitation rotor bearings Rotor optical access

AY08 Highlights: Turbine Facility 800 h.p. compressor

500 h.p motor Design 300 h.p. turbine Magnetic levitation rotor bearings High-loading rotor design

Gas Turbine ResearchStall Detection and Control

Turbine Blade Tip-casing Flow Control

Plasma Sensors

LPT Blade Flow Separation Control

Aggressive Inter-turbine Duct Control

“Flow Control Optimized Engine”

IMPACT

Separation Control in LPT Cascade PakB blade shape Plasma actuator at x/Cx=0.675 Simulates low Re effects on LPT at higher altitudes

“Unsteady” F+=0.9

Actuated Blade

200% reductionin loss coeff.

Reduced separation bubble

Tip Clearance Flow Control LPT blade-tip flow control

PS SS

g/cx

Casing

Blade

Baseline Flow

“Plasma Tip”; g/c=2%

7% reduction in loss coeff.

Surface Flow Visualization

Tip Clearance Flow Control LPT casing flow control

Baseline Control

TG-vortex

Loss Coeff.

Surface Visualization

24% reduction in loss coeff.

Flow Vectoring

Baseline

Plasma Actuator

Flow

=xs/R

xs

Plasma actuator more effectivein vectoring flow as radius decreases.

Norm

alize

d ve

ctor

ang

leActuator Voltage

Decreasing R

IMPACT

Plasma Sensors Suite of miniature, a.c.-driven “plasma sensors” to measure

quantities that are important to gas-turbine engine performance, e.g.

Shear Stress Pressure Temperature Gas Species

Plasma Pressure Sensor

Rotating stall

Stall Onset

Plasma compressor stall sensor