Electric Energy at Electric Energy at HomeHomeChapter 6Chapter 6

Generating Electric EnergyGenerating Electric Energy►There are many ways to produce There are many ways to produce

electrical energy:electrical energy:► In the 1800s, Michael Faraday In the 1800s, Michael Faraday

discovered that by pushing a magnet discovered that by pushing a magnet through a coil of wire, an electric through a coil of wire, an electric current is generatedcurrent is generated-In this set up, as you

increase the amounts of coils or use a stronger magnet, more electrical energy is produced

-This device is called a Generator

Generating ElectricityGenerating Electricity►A Generator is one device that produces A Generator is one device that produces

electricity, …also electricity, …also solar panelssolar panels can be can be usedused

► In today’s fast paced world, where In today’s fast paced world, where electricity is used in all aspects of our life electricity is used in all aspects of our life and in huge amounts, MASSIVE generators and in huge amounts, MASSIVE generators are needed to supply the electrical energyare needed to supply the electrical energy

►When creating electrical energy:When creating electrical energy:Input energy Input energy converter converter output energy output energy

Kinetic energyKinetic energy generatorgenerator electrical energy electrical energy

Generating and Distributing Generating and Distributing Electrical EnergyElectrical Energy

TurbinesTurbines► Almost all electricity is made from a Almost all electricity is made from a

Turbine GeneratorTurbine Generator: Turbines are attached : Turbines are attached to the generator. They have a set of blades to the generator. They have a set of blades that turn due to the movement of that turn due to the movement of water/air/steam/particles, across them. The water/air/steam/particles, across them. The kinetic energy created by the spinning kinetic energy created by the spinning turbine is transformed into kinetic energy in turbine is transformed into kinetic energy in the generator, which ultimately converts it the generator, which ultimately converts it into electrical energy.into electrical energy.

► Turbine-generators are found inTurbine-generators are found in Power Plants: Power Plants: Hydro-electric plants:Hydro-electric plants: moving water moving water electricity electricity

Thermo-electric plants:Thermo-electric plants: chemical energy from fossil chemical energy from fossil fuelsfuelsthermal energythermal energy kinetic energy kinetic energyelectricityelectricity

Thermo nuclear plants:Thermo nuclear plants: split atoms split atoms thermal thermal energyenergykinetic energykinetic energyelectical energyelectical energy

Turbine GeneratorTurbine Generator

GeneratorWater/steam/particles in and out

electricity

Coal-Fired Thermo-electric Coal-Fired Thermo-electric GenerationGeneration► These are plentiful in Alberta, due to it being These are plentiful in Alberta, due to it being

cheapcheap and b/c and b/c tons-o-coaltons-o-coal is found in this province. is found in this province. COAL COAL is the most common and important fuel is the most common and important fuel

used to generate electricityused to generate electricity► In these thermal plants, In these thermal plants, scrubbersscrubbers exist to remove exist to remove

harmful chemicals from the smokeharmful chemicals from the smoke► See pg.104- See pg.104- Electricity formed from coal/natural Electricity formed from coal/natural

gasgas► 1) Coal is retrieved from land and broken down 1) Coal is retrieved from land and broken down

into a powder forminto a powder form► 2) Coal is burned, this creates thermal energy 2) Coal is burned, this creates thermal energy

which is used to convert water to steamwhich is used to convert water to steam► 3) Steam moves into the turbine and causes the 3) Steam moves into the turbine and causes the

blades to moveblades to move► 4) the turbine turns the generator, which converts 4) the turbine turns the generator, which converts

kinetic energy into electrical energykinetic energy into electrical energy► 5) Electricity is distributed to households by 5) Electricity is distributed to households by

transmission linestransmission lines

Hydro-electric GenerationHydro-electric Generation►Due to there being a Due to there being a lot of waterlot of water in in

Canada, and the Canada, and the cleanlinesscleanliness of using of using water, hydro-electric power plants water, hydro-electric power plants produce much of the electricity in produce much of the electricity in CanadaCanada Although the actual making of the Although the actual making of the

electricity does not cause a lot of harm to electricity does not cause a lot of harm to the environment, DAMS are used to pool the environment, DAMS are used to pool water, which causes flooding in areas and water, which causes flooding in areas and remove plant and animal habitatsremove plant and animal habitats

Thermo-nuclear Generating Thermo-nuclear Generating StationStation

► Nuclear Power Plants: uranium atoms are split by Nuclear Power Plants: uranium atoms are split by nuclear fission. This splitting releases a huge nuclear fission. This splitting releases a huge amount of thermal energy, which in turn is used amount of thermal energy, which in turn is used to create electricityto create electricity

► See pg.106- Thermo-nuclear PowerSee pg.106- Thermo-nuclear Power 1) uranium is split1) uranium is split 2) a HUGE amount of thermal energy is 2) a HUGE amount of thermal energy is

createdcreated 3) thermal energy converts water to steam3) thermal energy converts water to steam 4) steam turns turbine4) steam turns turbine 5) the turbines spin the generator which 5) the turbines spin the generator which

produces electricityproduces electricity 6) electricity is transferred to us via power line6) electricity is transferred to us via power lineThis is an example of a This is an example of a CANCANDUDU reactor reactor

Electric Energy and PowerElectric Energy and Power(Calculations)(Calculations)

►Energy:Energy: is the ability to do work is the ability to do work

Work: force x distance Work: force x distance

Work = F x dWork = F x d

Units: work: Joules (J)Units: work: Joules (J)

Force: Newtons (N)Force: Newtons (N)

Distance: meter (m)Distance: meter (m)

Power:Power: is the rate at which energy is is the rate at which energy is transferred. transferred. How fastHow fast energy is used or energy is used or producedproduced-work done fast= higher power-work done fast= higher power-work done slow= lower power-work done slow= lower power

Power: energy/timePower: energy/time

Power = E/tPower = E/t

Units: Power: watts (W)Units: Power: watts (W)Energy: joules (J)Energy: joules (J)Time: seconds (s)Time: seconds (s)

What do you buy from the What do you buy from the Power Company?Power Company?

► Power companies supply electric energy, not Power companies supply electric energy, not powerpower

►When you pay an electricity bill, you are When you pay an electricity bill, you are paying for electric energypaying for electric energy

Energy = Power x timeEnergy = Power x time

Energy = P x tEnergy = P x t

Units: energy: watt.hours (Wh)Units: energy: watt.hours (Wh)Power: watts (W)Power: watts (W)Time: seconds (s)Time: seconds (s)

Efficiency and Saving energyEfficiency and Saving energy

►EfficiencyEfficiency is a measure of how completely is a measure of how completely input energy is converted to accomplish the input energy is converted to accomplish the desired output energy. Written as a desired output energy. Written as a percentpercent Ex. Incandescent light bulbs and fluorescent Ex. Incandescent light bulbs and fluorescent

light bulbs produce equal amounts of light light bulbs produce equal amounts of light (desired output), but incandescent give off a lot (desired output), but incandescent give off a lot of heat (not a desired output) as well, which is of heat (not a desired output) as well, which is not needed, thus incandescent are less efficient not needed, thus incandescent are less efficient that fluorescent.that fluorescent.

Percent efficiency = useful input/total input Percent efficiency = useful input/total input

X 100

It Pays to be EfficientIt Pays to be Efficient

►Saving energy is a GOOD thing!!Saving energy is a GOOD thing!! 1) Saves you the cheddar 1) Saves you the cheddar $$$$$$ 2) Benefits the environment: especially if 2) Benefits the environment: especially if

fossil fuels are being used. When fossil fossil fuels are being used. When fossil fuels are burned waste gases are released fuels are burned waste gases are released into the environment. These gases are into the environment. These gases are contributing factors to global warming contributing factors to global warming climate changes, acid rain, habitat loss, climate changes, acid rain, habitat loss, etc.etc.