Electric Transportation

Sustainability in Europe BBrian Perry, Emily Holtzman, & Colette Messina

BackgroundBetter Place - why did it fail?

Focused too much on advertising their battery charging stationsToo few customers to support such advertisingCommunication failure between them and car manufacturers to

create compatible cars with the battery swap stationsCurrent infrastructureMunicipality role

1. Aid in licensing2. Reserve the spots for EVs

Interviews

Kasper Brenøe IsbrandMichael Rask

Positives of Electric Vehicles

Runs on household electricityCan be charged at home

EnvironmentNo tailpipe emissionsNo oil changes

Cheaper to fuelLess noise pollutionLess and cheaper maintenance

cost <50% less than typical ICE

And they’re catching on in DK

Consumer Obstacles Vehicle range - 100 miles

2 country-wide EV recharging networkChanging consumer habits

Time invested for chargingLack of economic incentive

Can people sell their EV back to the used car market?High pricePeugeot iOn 104% more expensive

than VW UPLack of automaker commitment

to produce

Municipal Obstacles - Infrastructure

Whose responsibility?Government/Municipalities?Private Companies?

maintenance

Municipal Obstacles - Development

Copenhagen Climate Plan 2025goals for increasing bikers and

public transportation prioritiesthese infrastructures don’t directly

support one another

parking - already more cars than parking spaces in Copenhagen

Municipal Obstacles - TaxesDanish car taxes

gives incentive to buy larger, more expensive EVsor to buy used cars, lower sales tax than new cars

Tax exemption for EVs ends 2015small cars compete with EVs

Industry ObstaclesAdvertising!

PracticalMuch Advertising of stations (educating)

SportyFree advertising

Company Induced Setbacks

Car manufacturers must maintain interests of their petrol fleet

Lack of commitment by automakers to produce

Electric Car companies like Tesla, do not need to worry about such things

VW gets 80% of its revenue from repairs/replacement

Model Ideas (hah! wordplay)

Offers a subscription to a gasoline fueled car

Nissan LeafThis medium sized vehicle

runs purely on electricitySeats 5 peopleCan travel 100 miles

...Costs $30,000

2014 Ford Focus SE(Petrol)

2014 Chevrolet Spark EV(Electric)

Type Hatchback 5-door Hatchback 5-door

Curb Weight 2948 lbs 3000 lbs

Estimated maximum range 347 miles 82 miles

Estimated yearly maintenance (replacement parts)

$0.05/mi $0.02/mi

Cost of fuel $0.14/mi $0.04/mi

Initial Cost $18,950 $27,495

*$3 per charge given by howstuffworks.com

Fuel Electric

Future Development

Lithium Batteries Capacity

Need for higher energy density

Temperature

Safety issue

Weight influence on energy output

Battery generates only 1% the energy of fossil fuel

Future Goals / Solutions

Goal for 2015: 85% of city owned vehicles to be

EVs

Goals for 2025:20-30% of light vehicles to run on electricity,

biogas, or hydrogen

30-40% of heavy vehicles on new fuel types

Future Goals / SolutionsWhere does our electricity come from?

Wind Turbines!...or coal/oil

V2GSmart Highway (NLD)

List of LiteratureMinistry of Transport: A Greener Transport System in DenmarkDanish Energy Agency: Test Scheme for Electric VehiclesCity of Copenhagen: Municipal Plan 2011C40 Cities the Power to ActState of Green: More Electric Vehicles in CopenhagenElectric Vehicles in Urban EuropeSiting Electric Vehicle Charging StationsThe Danish Energy Agreement of March 2012Copenhagen Carbon Neutral by 2025MIT Technology Review