Electrical Car/Vehicles

Amit kumarBranch-EE©

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Introduction

Electric cars are automobiles, which are powered by

the electric engine and electric energy.

The development of the electric vehicles is a very perspective and important process.

EVs, are vehicles that are powered by an electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine.

The history of the electric vehicle began in the mid-19th century.

1832: Robert Anderson invents a non-rechargeable electric carriage.

1835: Thomas Davenport builds the first practical electric vehicle.

1976: General Electric was chosen to construct a parallel-hybrid sedan, and Toyota built its first hybrid car.

History of the Electric Vehicle

Components

Motor Controller Charger DC/DC Converter Contactors Batteries

Generally the Brushless DC Motor is used. Simpler to maintain, More durable, Smaller. 85%–90% more efficient. Able to self-start.

Motor

Controller

Control the BLDC motor. Increase efficiency, reliability and extended battery

life time.

Charger

It contains a plug that connects electric vehicle batteries to an electrical source, providing the batteries with electrical energy.

Recharges the battery through DC converter. The Iota DLS-55 is the most common option.

DC/DC Converter

This is like a big ON switch, powering up the drive circuit when we turn the key. The Nanfeng ZJW400A is an economical option, or the Gigavac GX14 is a higher powered option.

Contactors

Batteries for the EV The batteries that are used for electric cars are

rechargeable.

Flow of electrons can be reversed to “reload” the negative electrode and makes the battery rechargeable.

Power from the Electric Motor

An electric motor has power and in turn puts out a force that is measured in torque.

The basic equation for power is:

P = Tw (1) For a basic motor there are two parameters that can

help show how the motor works.

Velocity function: P (w) = - (Ts / wn) w2 + Ts w (2) Torque function : P (w) = - (wn/ Ts) T2 + wnT (3)

The electric motor controller takes the power from the batteries and delivers it to the motor.

Working of electric engine and BLDC motor.

Various Electric Vehicle

Reduce dependences on oil and gasoline.

Pollutants and noise free. Recyclable batteries. No fire hazards. Low maintenance and operation

cost.

Advantages

High price,Tesla modal costs around $50,000.

High recharge time. Silence may be fatal. Range lies between 25-30 miles only.

Disadvantages

Conclusion With this, we come to following facts that number of

expected vehicles doubling on the roads in the near future the need for this alternative energy is very evident and has promising returns.

Important to produce vehicles that do less, have a longer range, and use less energy.

Lower our toxic emissions and localize green house effects.

Increase the overall energy efficiency of cars.

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