EV Architecture, ProductionExamples

EV-106

This course is presented as part of Evannex Universitya free, open learning environment that presents concise, video-based mini-courses for those who have interest in electric vehicles (EVs)

Architecture ExamplesEvery automobile company has introduced concept cars that fit into the EV categoryAlmost all suggest that that theyre exploring BEVs Most have hybrids and more than a few now field BEVs and PHEVs

>> Every automobile company has introduced concept cars that fit into the EV category>> Almost all suggest that theyre exploring BEVs and that theyll be ready to compete soon or in a few years>> Most have hybrids on the market and more than a few now field BEVs and PHEVs

In this final mini-course of the EV architecture sequence, well look at a few examples of actual production vehicles that reflect the EV architectures we discussed in earlier mini-courses in this sequence.

Examples of BEVsCars with a range of 200+ milesTesla Model SCars with a range of 100 miles or lessNissan LeafVolkswagen e-GolfFord Focus ElectricMitsubishi i-MiEV BMW i3 (w/o range extender)Fiat 500e

Today, BEVs fall into two categories>> cars that have a range above 200 miles and are capable of long distance travel >> the only representative example is the Tesla Model S,And cars with range below 100 miles sometimes called city cars and generally intended for local driving with corresponding driving performance characteristics.Examples in the city car category include>> Nissan Leaf>> Volkswagen e-Golf>> Ford Focus Electric>> Mitsubishi i-MiEV >> BMW i3 (w/o range extender)>> Fiat 500eWith the exception of Tesla Motors, manufacturers have relegated BEVs to city car status, by virtue of the limited range of their offerings and their relatively tame performance. Although a number of premium car makers have claimed that theyre building cars to compete with the Model S, none have yet to be introduced.

Examples of Series Hybrid CarsGM-EV-1 (defunct)Fisker Karma (defunct)BMW-i3 (with range extender)

defunct

defunct

The series hybrid is an interesting architecture, but it has few representative examples that are for sale in the United States.

>>

>> The GM-EV-1 (long defunct) was the star of the movie Who Killed the Electric Car. It was an experimental vehicle offered for lease by GM, and then recalled from the market.

>> The Fisker Karma (also defunct) is aesthetically impressive, but had a number of systemic issues (e.g., cramped interior, noisy ICE, little storage space). The car to never gained traction in the U.S market and Fisker Automotive declared bankruptcy in 2013.

>> The BMW-i3 (with range extender) is the only series hybrid from a major manufacturers on the market today. A 34-hp ICE powers a generator that switches on when the battery charge falls below 6 percent and provides charging for a battery which is the sole power source for an electric motor. The ICE does not drive the wheels of the i3.

Examples of Parallel HybridToyota Prius Plug-inChevy VoltHonda Accord Plug-inFord Fusion Energi SE

Every manufacturer that builds a production parallel plug-in hybrid implements the architecture with a few custom touches, but overall, the vehicles exhibit a similar architecturea battery that may be charged from the gridthe plug-in componentalong with an ICE that can drive the wheels when the battery falls below a defined level of charge or the car exceeds a certain defined speed.

>> Representative examples in the parallel hybrid category are:

>> Toyota Prius Plug-in>> Chevy Volt>> Honda Accord Plug-in>> Ford Fusion Energi SE

All are competent vehicles for both local and long distance travel.

Examples of FCEVsToyota MaraiHonda FCX ClarityHyundai Tucson Fuel Cell

All production examples of fuel cell electric vehicle have extremely limited production quotas, and as a consequence, very limited market impact. In the united states, the vast majority of these vehicles are sold in CA.

>> All three production examples,>> Toyota Marai>> Honda FCX Clarity>> Hyundai Tucson Fuel Cellare hydrogen powered vehicles that use the technology described in EVU mini-course EV 310.

SummaryProduction versions of BEVs and PHEVs are now quite commonEach exhibits one of the EV architectures discussed in this mini-course sequence

To summarize:

>> Production versions of BEVs and PHEVs are now quite common and are offered by most, but not all, major automobile manufacturers>> Each exhibits one of the EV architectures we discussed in previous mini-courses.

This brings us to the end of our sequence on EV architecture. Theres still a lot we havent yet discussed about EVs, and well cover that in upcoming EVU mini-courses.

a free study guide for all EVU mini-courses is available for download from our website For a complete list of mini-courses and the study guide, visit: www.evannex.com

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