ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG.
COURSE DIARY (ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-12)
VII SEMESTER
Name : ________________________________________
USN : ____________________________________________
Semester & Section : _____________________________________________
The Mission
“The mission of our institutions is to provide
world class education in our chosen fields and
prepare people of character, caliber and vision
to build the future world”
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE ii COURSE DIARY
SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION
VII SEMESTER B.E.
Sl.
No. Code No. Subject
Teaching
(Hrs/Week)
Examination
Theory/
Practical I.A Total
1. 06EE71 Computer Techniques In Power
System 04 -- 100 25 125
2. 06EE72 Electrical Power Utilization 04 -- 100 25 125
3. 06EE73 High Voltage Engineering 04 -- 100 25 125
4. 06EE74 Industrial Drives & Applications 04 -- 100 25 125
5. 06EE753 Testing & Commissioning of
Electrical Equipments 04 -- 100 25 125
6. 06EE766 VLSI Circuits & Design 04 -- 100 25 125
7. 06EEL77 Relay and High Voltage
Laboratory -- 03 50 25 75
8. 06EEL78 Power Simulation lab -- 03 50 25 75
Total 24 06 700 200 900
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE iii COURSE DIARY
SCHEDULE OF EVENTS (2011–2012)
B.E. VII semester
ODD SEMESTER
Commencement of Semester 1ST August 2011
Internal tests schedule
• First test
• Second test
• Third test
End of semester
Commencement of Examinations
EVEN SEMESTER
Commencement of semester
Internal tests schedule
• First test
• Second test
• Third test
OTHER MAJOR EVENTS
MVJ Memorial Cricket Tournament
Smt. Rajalakshmi Jayaraman Volleyball
Tournament
SWAYAM 2012
VERTECHX 4.0
Founder’s Day
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 1 COURSE DIARY
06EE71 -
COMPUTER TECHNIQUES IN
POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 2 COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS
COMPUTER TECHNIQUES IN POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
SUB CODE: 06EE71 IA MARKS: 25
Hrs/Week: 04 Exams Hrs: 03
Total Hrs: 52 Exam Marks: 100
Part-A
1. Network Topology: Introduction, Elementary graph theory – oriented graph, tree, co-tree,
basic cutsets, basic loops, Incidence matrices – Element-node, Bus incidence, Tree-branch path,
Basic cut-set, Augmented cut-set, Basic loop and Augmented loop, Primitive network –
impedance form and admittance form.
04 Hrs
2. Network Matrices: Introduction, Formation of YBUS – by method of inspection, by method of
singular transformation (YBUS = ATyA); Formation of Bus Impedance Matrix (without mutual
coupling elements). 06 Hrs
3. Load Flow Studies: Introduction, Power flow equations, Classification of buses, Operating
constraints, Data for load flow, Gaus-Seidal Method – Algorithm and flow chart for PQ and PV
buses (numerical problem for one iteration only), Acceleration of convergence; Newton Raphson
Method – Algorithm and flow chart for NR method in polar coordinates (numerical problem for
one iteration only), Algorithm for Fast Decoupled load flow method. Representation of
Transformer taps setting. Comparison of Load Flow Methods.
16 Hrs
Part-B
4. Economic Operation of Power System: Introduction, Performance curves, Economic
Generation Scheduling Neglecting Losses and Generator Limits, Economic Generation Scheduling
including Generator Limits and Neglecting Losses, Iterative techniques, Economic Dispatch
including transmission losses – approximate penalty factor, iterative technique for solution of
economic dispatch with losses, Derivation of transmission loss formula. Optimal scheduling for
Hydrothermal plants – problem formulation, solution procedure, and algorithm.
12 Hrs
5. Transient Stability Studies: Numerical solution of Swing Equation – Point-by-point method,
Modified Euler’s method, Runge-Kutta method, Milne’s predictor corrector method..
Representation of power system for transient stability studies – load representation, network
performance equations. Solution techniques with flow charts.
14 Hrs
Text Books:
1. Stag, G. W., and EI-Abiad, A. H., “Computer Methods in Power System Analysis”, McGraw Hill
International Student Edition. 1968
2. .Pai, M. A., “Computer techniques in Power System Analysis”, TMH, 2nd edition, 2006..
Reference Books:
1. Nagrath, I. J., and Kothari, D. P., “Modern Power System Analysis”, TMH, 2003.
2. Singh, L. P., “Advanced Power System Analysis and Dynamics”, New Age International (P) Ltd,
Publishers, New Delhi, 2001.
3. Dhar, R. N., “Computer Aided Power System Operations and Analysis”, TMH, Publishing
Company, New Delhi, 1984.
4 Haadi Sadat, “Power system analysis” TMH, 2nd , 12th reprint, 2007
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 3 COURSE DIARY
LESSON PLAN
SEMESTER: VII SUB: Computer Techniques In Power System Analysis
TEACHING HOURS: 60 SUB_CODE: 06EE71
Chapter
No.
Chapter
name Hrs Topic to be covered
1 Network
Topology
1 Introduction, Elementary graph theory
2 Oriented graph, tree, co-tree, basic cutsets, basic loops, Incidence
matrices Element-node, Bus incidence, Tree-branch path
3 Element-node, Bus incidence, Tree-branch path, Basic cut-set,
Augmented cut-set
4 Basic loop and Augmented loop, Primitive network – impedance form
and admittance form
5 Numerical problems to be solved
6 Numerical problems to be solved
2 Network
Matrices
7 Introduction
8 Formation of YBUS – by method of inspection
9 Numerical problems to be solved
10 Formation of YBUS – by method of singular transformation (YBUS =
ATyA)
11 Numerical problems to be solved
12 Formation of Bus Impedance Matrix (without mutual coupling
elements
13 Numerical problems to be solved
3 Load Flow
Studies
14 Introduction
15 Power flow equations
16 Classification of buses
17 Operating constraints
18 Data for load flow
19 Gauss-Seidal Method
20 Algorithm and flow chart for PQ and PV
21 Numerical problem to be solved for one iteration
22 Acceleration of convergence
23 Newton Raphson Method
24 Algorithm and flow chart for NR method in polar coordinates
25 Numerical problem to be solved for one iteration
26 Representation of Transformer taps setting
27 Comparison of Load Flow Methods
28 Numerical problems to be solved
29 Numerical problems to be solved
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 4 COURSE DIARY
Chapter
No.
Chapter
name Hrs Topic to be covered
4
Economic
Operation
of Power
System
30 Introduction
31 Performance curves
32 Economic Generation Scheduling Neglecting Losses and Generator
Limits
33 Economic Generation Scheduling including Generator Limits and
Neglecting Losses
34 Iterative techniques
35 Economic Dispatch including transmission losses
36 Approximate penalty factor
37 Iterative technique for solution of economic dispatch with losses
38 Derivation of transmission loss formula
39 Optimal scheduling for Hydrothermal plants
40 Problem formulation
41 Solution procedure, and algorithm
42 Numerical problems to be solved
43 Numerical problems to be solved
5
Transient
Stability
Studies
44 Introduction
45 Swing Equation
46 Numerical solution of Swing Equation
47 Point-by-point method
48 Modified Euler’s method
49 Runge-Kutta method
50 Milne’s predictor corrector method
51 Representation of power system for transient stability studies
52 load representation
53 Network performance equations
54 Solution techniques
55 Flow charts
56 Numerical problems to be solved
57 Numerical problems to be solved
58 Numerical problems to be solved
59 Revision
60 Revision
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 5 COURSE DIARY
QUESTION BANK
1. Define a primitive network. Give the representation of a typical component & arrive
their performance equations both in Impedance and admittance forms.
2. For the power system shown in the fig1, obtain the bus incidence matrix A. Take ground
as reference. Is the matrix unique? Explain.
3. (a) Find the bus incidence matrix A for the 4 Bus system in fig2. Take gnd. As a
reference.
(b) Find the primitive admittance matrix for the system, It is given that all the lines
are characterized by a series impedance of 0.1+j0.7Ω/Km
& the shunt admittance of j0.35*10-5 Ω/Km. Lines are rated at 220Kv.
(c) Find bus admittance matrix for the system. Use the values 220Kv
(d) &100MVA. Express all impedance & admittance in p.u.
1 2
100Km
110Km 150Km 100Km
120Km
4
3
4. Write an algorithm of formation of bus impedance matrix for 1-phase system.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 6 COURSE DIARY
5. For the n/w shown in fig3. Obtain the bus impedance matrix ,Y bus
By singular transformation analysis, given the line data as the table below.
Line no. Connecting nodes Admittance p.u.
1 1-4 1.4
2 1-2 1.6
3 2-3 2.4
4 3-4 2.0
5 2-4 1.8
1 2
ref 3
4
6. Write a note on the steps to be followed during Z BUS building algorithm for i) Removal
of a given uncoupled element.
ii) Changing the impedance value of an uncoupled element.
Load frequency control
1. Explain the schematic diagram of load frequency & excitation voltage regulator of a
turbo-generator.
2. Develop a mathematical model of speed of speed governing system of steam turbine
used in load frequency problems. Show the correspondence block diagram.
3. Explain the complete block diagram of load frequency control of an isolated system for
steady state analysis.
4. Explain the complete block diagram of load frequency control of an isolated system for
Dynamic Response.
5. Explain the load frequency control & Economic load dispatch with the help of block
diagram.
6. Explain the Two area load frequency control with the help of block diagram.
7. Two gers. Rated 200MW,400MW are operating in parallel. The droop characteristic of
their governors are 4% & 5% resp/. From no load to full load. The speed chargers are so
set that the generators operate at 50HZ sharing the full load of 600MW in the ratio of
their ratings. If the load reduces to 400MW , How will it be Shred among the gers/. &
what will be the system frequency be ? Assume free governor operation.
8. Repeat the problem i.e. (7) of part (b) & Comment on the result if both the governors
have a droop if 4%.
Load flow studies
1. For a typical 3- Bus system, develop the static load flow equation used for load flow
study .
2. Explain Why static load flow equation (SLFE) are non linear.
3. Explain the NR method of load flow analysis. Compare this with GS method.
4. For the system shown in the fig1. Use GS method & obtain V2 & V3
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 7 COURSE DIARY
At the end of 1st iteration. The line impedances marked in p.u.
Ger/.
1
2
LOAD
Ger/. 3
Bus details:
Bus1: Slack Bus V15=1.0p.u.
Bus2: PV; PG2=5.32p.u V2 5=1.1 p .u.
Bus3: PQ ; PD2=3.64p.u QD2=0.53p.u.
5. Explain the classification of Buses?
6. Explain the solution technique of network model formation.
7. Explain the Flow chart for load flow analysis using Gauss- iterative method.
8. Explaining the load flow solution by Gauss- siedel iterative method .
9. Explaining the load flow solution by Gauss- iterative method .
10. Explain the Flow chart for load flow analysis using Gauss-siedal iterative method.
11. Explain the Flow chart for load flow analysis using Newton-Rapson method.
12. Explaining the load flow solution by Newton –Rapson method .
13. Explaining the load flow solution by decoupled load flow method.
14. Explaining the load flow solution by fast-decoupled load flow method.
15. Compare various solution methods of load flow studies.
16. Explain the representation of transformer- fixed tap setting transformer.
17. Explain the Automatic economic load dispatch using a computer.
Economic operation of PS:
1. Explain the optimal system operation of ‘n’ units with in a plant.
2. Explain the optimal system operation ‘n’ units with in a plant for
2 -units.
3. Explain the optimal system operation of generators on a Bus bar.
4. Explain the power station performance characteristics of the
Power plant.
5. Derivation of finding the power generation in units 1 & 2 i.e. P1 &
P2 for optimal system operation for a load demand PD.
6. Deriving Transmission losses as a function of generation
7. Explaining of loss coefficients for Transmission losses as a
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 8 COURSE DIARY
Function of generation.
8. Explain the optimal scheduling of thermal plants taking
transmission losses into account.
9. Explain the physical interruption of co-ordination coefficients.
10 The incremental fuel cost in RS./ MWH for a plant consisting two units are given by:
I C1=0.008 P1+8I C2=0.0096 P2 + 6.4
Determine the Economic operation schedule & corresponding cost of generation if the
max. & min. loading on each unit is 625MW & 100MW. The demand is 900Mw & the
transmission loss is negligible.
10. Determine the saving in fuel cost (in RS/Hr) for the economical
Distribution of the total load of 900 MW b/w the units described in question (10) i.e.
above compared with equal distribution of the same total load b/w the two units.
11. The fuel i/p in calaries/hr for plants 1 & 2 are given by
F1 = (8P1+ 0.02 P12+ 80) 106
F1 = (6P1+ 0.04P22+ 120) 106
The maximum & minimum loads on the units are 100MW & 10MW resp/. Dtermine the
min/. cost of generation /day with the load curve is shown in fig. Take the cost of fuel
as Rs 10/. Per million calories.
150
load
Mw
50 50
time
12pm 6am 6pm 12am
12. The power system has plants 1 & connected by a transmission
line and a load is located at plant 2. when a load of 100 MW is transmitted to the load
from plant 1, the transmission loss is 10 MW. Find the power generation of each plant
and power received by the load if the incremental cost of received power is 25 Rs / MWh.
The incremental fuel cost of each plant is
dC1/dP1 = (0.02P1 + 15) Rs / MWh
dC2/dP2 = (0.02P2 + 15) Rs / MWh
Transient stability steadies:
1. Define stability.
2. Define steady state stability
3. Define transient stability.
4. Define steady state stability limit.
5. Derive the relationship b/w M & H.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 9 COURSE DIARY
6. Define Swing curve. What is the use of Swing curve. Define critical clearing time &
critical clearing angle & give equations for both.
7. State equal area criterion.
8. Derive the power angle equation of a salient pole synchronous m/c. connected to a
infinite bus. Draw the power angle curve.
9. Define power angle?
10. Find the steady state power limit of a system consisting of a generator with reactance
0.6 p.u. connected to an infinite bus through a reactance of 0.8 p.u. The terminal of the
ger/.is 1.15 p.u. & the voltage of infinite bus is 100 p.u .
11. A 2- pole 50 HZ ,11KV turbo alternator has a ratio of 100MW, p.f.0.85
lagging . The rotor has a moment of inertia of 10000kgm2 .
Calculate H & M.
12. A synchronous generator with reactance 1.0 p.u. connected to an infinite bus through a
transmission system with reactance 0.7 p.u. The ger/. Is running under no load with a
voltage of 1.1 p.u, Take H=4.5 MW-s/MVA. The voltage of infinite bus is 100 p.u .& its
frequency is 50HZ.
Calculate the frequency of natural oscillations if m/c is suddenly loaded to (i) 60% & (ii)
75% of its max. power limit. Neglect the resistance & m/c damping.
13. Explain Equal area criterion to determine the stability. How do you obtain critical
clearing angle & critical clearing time.
14. Determine the expression for critical clearing angle in case of a synchronous m/c.
connected to an infinite bus, given the power angle Curves under the Pre fault , post
fault & during fault conditions.
15. Obtain the power angle characteristic equation for a cylindrical rotor syn/. G/r.
connected through a external reactance Xe=0.4 p.u. an infinite bus with voltage is 1.0
p.u. Assume Xd=0.9 p.u. Evaluate the excitation voltage of the g/r. if it is so adjusted
that unit voltage is obtained at the terminals while delivering unit load.
16. With a support-flow diagram, Explain the method of finding the transient stability of a
given PS using modified Euler’s method solution.
17. A 50 HZ syn/. G/r. with H=2.5 p.u sec & Xd’=0.2 p.u feeds 0.8 p.u of active power into
an infinite bus of voltage 1.0 p.u at 0.8 pf lag . through a n/w with Xe=0.25 p.u. A 3-Q
fault is sustained for 120 msec across the g/r. terminals. Determine through swing
curve calculation, the torque angle 250msec after the fault initiation.
18. With a support-flow diagram, Explain the method of finding the transient stability of a
given PS using Euler’s method solution.
19. Solve the differential equation
dy/dx =x2-y
For 0<x<0.3, with the interval equal to 0.05 & initial values x0=0 & y0=1, by the fallowing
numerical methods.
1. Eulers
2. The modified Euler
3. Runga-kutta 4th order
4. Milne’s using starting values obtained from the Runga-kutta method.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 10 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 11 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 12 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 13 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 14 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 15 COURSE DIARY
06EE72 -
ELECTRICAL POWER
UTILIZATION
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 16 COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS
ELECTRICAL POWER UTILIZATION
SUB CODE: 06EE72 IA MARKS: 25
Hrs/Week: 04 Exams Hrs: 03
Total Hrs: 52 Exam Marks: 100
Part-A
1. Heating and welding: Advantages and methods of electric of heating, resistance ovens,
induction
heating, dielectric heating, the arc furnace, heating of building, electric welding, resistance and
arc welding, control device and welding equipment.
10 hrs
2. Electrolytic process:
Fundamental principles extraction refining of metals electroplating, factors affecting electro
deposition
process. 06 hrs
UNIT 3&4:
Illumination:
Laws of illumination, lighting calculation, factory lighting, flood lighting, street lighting, different
types of lamps, incandescent, fluorescent, vapour and CFL and their working, Blare and its
remedy.
10 Hrs
UNIT 5,6 &7:
Electric traction:
System of traction, speed time curve, tractive effort at /co-efficient of adhesions, selection of
traction
motors, method of speed control, energy saving by series parallel control, ac traction equipment.
AC series motor, characteristics, regenerative braking, linear induction motor and their use. AC
traction, diesel electric equipment, train lighting system.
20 hrs
UNIT 8:
Introduction Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Configuration and performance of electrical vehicles, traction motor characteristics, tractive
effort,
transmission requirement, vehicle performance and energy consumption. 06 hrs
.
Text Books:
1. Openshaw Taylor, “Utilization of electric energy”
2. Mehrdad, Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Sabastien. E. Gay, Ali Emadi,“Modern electric, hybrid electric
and fuel cell vechiles”, CRC Press.
Reference Books:
1. Chakraborthy. Soni Gupta and Bhatnager,
2. A course in electrical power, Dhanapat Rai & sons.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 17 COURSE DIARY
LESSON PLAN
ELECTRICAL POWER UTILISATION
SEMESTER: VII SUB: ELECTRICAL POWER UTILISATION
TEACHING HOURS: 60 SUB_CODE: 06EE72
Chapter
No.
Chapter
name Hrs Topic to be covered
1
Heating
and
Welding
1 Advantages of electric heating over the other forms of
heating.
2 Different methods of electric heating
3 Explaining
Resistance oven
Diagram
4 Explaining
Induction heating
Dielectric heating
5 Explaining
Induction heating
Dielectric heating
6 Explaining
Arc furnace
Heating of buildings
7 Explaining
Electric welding
Examples
8 Explaining
Resistance welding
Arc welding
9 Explaining
Control devices
Welding equipments
2 Electrolytic
Process
10 Explaining
• Fundamental principles of electrolytic process
11 Explaining
Extraction of metals
Refining of metals
12 Explaining
Different methods of electro plating
13 Explaining
Factors which affects the electro plating
14 Explaining
Manufacture of chemicals
15 Explaining
Introduction to the illumination
Laws of illumination.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 18 COURSE DIARY
3 & 4 Illumination
16 Explaining
Definitions of illumination
Equations
17 Explaining
Distribution of light
Control of light
18 Problems on lighting calculations.
19 Explaining
Factory lighting
Flood lighting
20 Explaining
Street lighting
Types of lamps
21 Explaining
Working principles of incandescent lamp
Working principles of fluorescent lamp
22
Explaining
Vapour lamp
C.F.L
Working principles
23 Explaining
Glare
Remedies
5, 6 & 7 Electric
Traction
24 Explaining
Electric traction
25 Explaining
Systems of traction
26 Explaining
Speed-time curves
Imparent equations
27 Explaining
Tractive effort at different conditions of movement of train.
28 Problems on speed-time curves
Problems on tractive effort
29 Explaining
Power of traction motors
Co-efficient of adhesion
30 Explaining
Selection of motors to the traction purpose.
31 Explaining
Methods of speed-control
Explanations
32 Explaining
Energy savings by series parallel control
33 Explaining
AC traction equipments
34
Explaining
AC series motors
Characteristics
Regenerative breaking
35 Explaining
Linear induction motors
Uses
36 Explaining
AC traction
37 Explaining
Diesel electric equipment
Train lighting systems
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 19 COURSE DIARY
38
Explaining
Automotive electrical systems
Brief study of generators.
39
Explaining
Storage systems
Distributive system
40
Explaining
Starting system
Ignition system
41
Explaining
Lighting system
The accessories.
42
Explaining
Economic aspects
Fixed charges
43
Explaining
Energy costs
Public supply reduction of energy costs.
44
Explaining
Private generating plants
Economic choice of the equipments.
45 Explaining
Power factor considerations
46 Explaining
Disadvantages of low power factor
47 Explaining
Methods of improving the power factor
48 Explaining
Economics of power factor improvement.
49
Explaining
KW demand constants
KVA demand constants
50 Problems on power factor considerations.
51 Problems on Electric Traction
52 Revision & Clarification of doubts
8
Introduction
to Electric &
Hybrid
Vehicles
53.8 Configuration of electrical vehicles
54 performance of electrical vehicles
55 traction motor characteristics
56 tractive effort of electrical vehicles
57 vehicle performance and energy consumption
58 Problems
59 Revision & Clarification of doubts
60 Revision & Clarification of doubts
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 20 COURSE DIARY
QUESTION BANK
ILLUMINATION
1. Define and explain the following terms in connection with illumination :
(i) Illumination
(ii) Luminous flux
(iii) Coefficient of utilization
(iv) Depreciation factor
(v) Reflection factor
2. Define the following terms:
(i) Mean horizontal candle power
(ii) Luminous flux
(iii) Luminous intensity
(iv) Illumination
3. What factors determine the useful light flux reaching the working plane in indoor
illumination? Discuss each factor.
4. Give a short account of inverse square law and cosine law as applied to illumination.
5. Why the intensity of illumination produced by the sunlight is different in the
(i) Morning
(ii) Noon
(iii) Evening hours
HEATING
6. State a few advantages of electric heating over other forms of heating.
7. What are the specific advantages of Dielectric heating.
8. (a) Make a neat sketch of Ajax Wyatt core type induction furnace.
(b) Explain its principle of working.
(c) State how the pinch effect is overcome.
9. Describe the construction and working of any type of induction motor.
10. Discuss the factors which determine the choice of frequency for core less induction
furnace. Enumerate the various methods of providing power supply for such a
furnace.
11. (a) Explain the process of dielectric heating.
(b) What is the range of voltage and frequency used in dielectric heating and
explain the reason of your choice.
(c) Is dielectric heating process used on conducting materials or on non-conducting
materials. Explain your answer.
12. (a) Describe with neat sketches (i) the direct arc furnace (ii) the indirect arc
furnace.
(b) Why are indirect arc furnaces not built in large sizes?
(c) What is the purpose of using reactors in electric arc furnaces?
(d) At what power factor would you like to operate the arc furnaces
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 21 COURSE DIARY
WELDING
13. Define electric welding
14. Name and explain the various welding methods
15. Mention the different types of welding electrodes
16. Explain briefly the different welding processes under resistance welding. Why is it
necessary to use ‘welding transformer’.
17. Mention the three types of resistance welding. State their common applications.
18. What are the qualities of a good weld.
19. (a) What is resistance welding?
(b) What type of electric supply is suitable for electric arc welding.
(c) What properties would you seek for selection of electrode material for
spot welding.
(d) How is the electrode in spot welding prevented from striking to the
work piece.
20. Give the difference between the following :
(a) Arc welding and resistance welding.
(b) D.C. welding and A.C. welding.
21. What are the requirements of a good weld.
22. What points should be kept in view to avoid the weld defects.
ELECTROLYSIS
23. What is electroplating? Describe it in details.
24. State and explain Faraday’s laws of electrolysis.
25. What is meant by the term electro-deposition?
26. What are the different applications of electrolysis?
27. What is the necessity of electroplating?
28. What factors govern the rate of electro-deposition process?
29. Does electroplating take place with low voltage high current or high voltage low
current? Give reasons.
30. How electro-cleaning is done?
31. What are the various factors on which quality of electro-deposition depend?
32. What do you understand by the term electro-deposition and what factors govern the
deposition process?
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 22 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRIC TRACTION
33. State the advantages and disadvantages of electrical drive over mechanical drive.
34. (a) Compare electric braking system to that of mechanical braking system.
(b) What are the various method of braking D C motors?
(c) Explain the process of ‘plugging’ as applied to D C series motor.
35. Distinguish between rheostat and regeneration braking as applied to electric traction.
Under what circumstances the mechanical of regenerative braking applied?
36. What are the advantages and disadvantages of electric traction over other type of
traction system.
37. Describe the following systems of railway electrification and point out the relative
merits of each.
(i) D C system (ii) Single phase A C system
(iii) 3-phase A C system (iv) Composite system
38. Draw a neat sketch of A C electric locomotive and label its various parts.
39. Why D C series motor is preferred over other types of D C motors for use in electric
tractions?
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 23 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 24 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 25 COURSE DIARY
06EE73 -
HIGH VOLTAGE
ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 26 COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS
HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
SUB CODE: 06EE73 IA MARKS: 25
Hrs/Week: 04 Exams Hrs: 03
Total Hrs: 52 Exam Marks: 100
Part-A
1. Introduction:
Introduction to HV technology, advantages of transmitting electrical power at high votages,
need for generating high voltages in laboratory. Important applications of high voltage.
04 hrs
2. Breakdown phenomena:
Classification of HV insulating media. Properties of important HV insulating media under each
category. Gaseous dielectrics: Ionizations: primary and secondary ionization processes. Criteria
for gaseous insulation breakdown based on Townsend’s theory. Limitations of Townsend’s
theory. Streamer’s theory breakdown in non uniform fields. Corona discharges. Breakdown in
electro negative gasses. Paschen’s law and its significance. Time lags of Breakdown. Breakdown
in solid dielectrics: Intrinsic Breakdown, avalanche breakdown, thermal breakdown, and electro
mechanic breakdown. Breakdown of liquids dielectric dielectrics: Suspended particle theory,
electronic Breakdown, cavity breakdown (bubble’s theory), electro convection breakdown.
12 hrs
3. Generation of HV AC and DC Voltage:
HV AC-HV transformer; Need for cascade connection and working of transformers units
connected in cascade. Series resonant circuit- principle of operation and advantages. Tesla coil.
HV DC- voltage doubler circuit, cock croft- Walton type high voltage DC set. Calculation of high
voltage regulation, ripple and optimum number of stages for minimum voltage drop.
08 hrs
Part-B
4. Generation of Impulse Voltage and Current:
Introduction to standard lightning and switching impulse voltages. Analysis of single stage
impulse generator-expression for Output impulse voltage. Multistage impulse generator working
of Marx impulse. Rating of impulse generator. Components of multistage impulse generator.
Triggering of impulse generator by three electrode gap arrangement. Triggering gap and
oscillograph time sweep circuits. Generation of switching impulse voltage. Generation of high
impulse current.
06 hrs
5. Measurement of high voltages:
Electrostatic voltmeter-principle, construction and limitation. Chubb and Fortescue method for
HV AC measurement. Generating voltmeter- Principle, construction. Series resistance micro
ammeter for HV DC measurements. Standard sphere gap measurements of HV AC, HV DC, and
impulse voltages; Factors affecting the measurements. Potential dividers-resistance dividers
capacitance dividers mixed RC potential dividers. Surge current measurement-Klydanograph
and magnetic links.
12 hrs
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 27 COURSE DIARY
6. Non-destructive insulation testing techniques:
Dielectric loss and loss angle measurements using Schering Bridge, Transformer ratio Arms
Bridge. Need for discharge detection and PD measurements aspects. Factor affecting the
discharge detection. Discharge detection methods-straight and balanced methods.
06 hrs
7. High voltage tests on electrical apparatus:
Definitions of technologies, tests on isolators, circuit breakers, cables insulators and
transformers.
04 hrs
Text Books:
1. E. Kuffel and W.S. Zaengl, “High voltage engineering fundamentals”, 2nd edition, Elsevier,
press, 2005.
2. M.S.Naidu and Kamaraju, “High Voltage Engineering”, 3rd edition, THM, 2007.
3. L. L. Alston, “High Voltage technology”, BSB Publication, 2007.
.
Reference books:
1. Rakosh Das Begamudre, Extra High voltage AC transmission engineering, Wiley Eastern
limited, 1987.
2. Transmission and distribution reference book-Westing House.
3. C.L.Wadhwa, High voltage engineering, New Age International Private limited, 1995.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 28 COURSE DIARY
LESSON PLAN
SEMESTER: VII SUB: HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
TOTAL HOURS: 60 SUBJECT CODE: 06EE73
Chapter
No. Chapter name Hrs Topic to be covered
1 INTRODUCTION
1 • Introduction to High Voltage Technology
2 • Advantages of transmitting electric power at high
voltages
3 • Need for generating high voltages in a laboratory
4 • Important applications of high voltages
2 BREAKDOWN
PHENOMENA
5 • Classification of HV insulating media
6 • Introduction to the topic
• Gaseous dielectrics – Ionization process by
collision,
7 • Photo ionization,
• Metastable atoms,
• Thermal electron detachment;
8 • Townsend’s theory;
• Paschen’s law
9 • Streamer theory
10 • Breakdown in non-uniform fields and corona
discharges
11 • Breakdown in electro-negative gases, time lags in
breakdown
13 • Liquid dielectrics – suspended particle theory,
14 • Bubble theory, electronic breakdown
15 • Avalanche breakdown
16 • Thermal breakdown
17 • Electro mechanic breakdown
18 • Solid dielectrics, Intrinsic breakdown,
19 • Intrinsic breakdown,
20 • Practical scenarios of breakdown phenomena
21 • Case studies of breakdown levels, applications in
the field
22 • numerical examples & practical applications
23 • Need for cascade connection and working of
transformers units connected in cascade
3 GENERATION OF
HIGH VOLTAGES
24 • HVAC – Tesla coil: Series resonant circuit,
25 • Cascade transformer unit.
26 • HVDC –
• Half-wave and Full –wave rectifier units
27 • Voltage doubler circuit,
28 • Cockroft-Walton circuit, voltage regulation
29 • Ripple, optimum number of stages
30 • Van-de-Graff generator
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 29 COURSE DIARY
31 • Impulse-standard lightning & switching impulse
voltage waveforms
4
GENERATION OD
IMPULSE
VOLTAGE AND
CURRENT
32 • Analysis of single stage impulse generator
33 • Marx impulse generator, rating of impulse
generator 34 • Components of multi - stage impulse generator,
35 • Triggering of impulse generator,
36 • Triggering of impulse generator by three electrode
and trigatron gap methods
37 • Generation of switching surge,
38 • generation of impulse current
39 • Electrostatic voltmeter for HVAC, Chubb and
Fortescue method for HVAC,
5 MEASUREMENT OF
HIGH VOLTAGES
40 • Generating voltmeter for HVDC, Series resistance
micro-ammeter for HVDC
41 • Sphere gap for HVAC, HVDC and impulse voltages,
,
42 • Effect of near by earthed objects
43 • Temperature, pressure and humidity conditions,
irradiation, polarity
44 • Numerical examples, discussions …
45 • Potential dividers, resistance divider,
46 • Compensated resistance divider,
47 • Capacitance divider,
48 • Surge current measurement effect of, stray
capacitances, 49 • – Klydonograph and magnetic links
50 • Dielectric loss and loss angle measurement using
Schering bridge, , ,
6
NON-
DISTRUCTIVE
INSULATION
TESTING
TECHNIQUES
51 • Wagner earth for Schering bridge,
52 • inverted Schering bridge
53 • Discharge detection methods – Hissing Test,
54 • Electrical test (straight detection methods and
balanced method)
55 • Discharge detection applications
56 • numerical examples
57 • Definitions of technologies
7
HIGH VOLTAGE
TESTS ON
ELECTRICAL
APPARATUS
58 • Tests on Insulators,
59 • Tests on circuit breaker,
60 • Tests on Cables and transformers
QUESTION BANK
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 30 COURSE DIARY
Ch, 1 & 2 BREAK DOWN PHENOMENA & GENERATION OF HIGH VOLTAGES:
1. Explain the process of “Ionization by Collision” with a pictorial diagram and highlight the
practical significance of the same.
2. What is Photo Ionization?
3. Explain ionization due to metastable atoms.
4. Discuss the process of Thermal Electron Detachment.
5. Explain Townsend’s Breakdown Theory explaining clearly the hypothesis.
6. State and explain Paschen’s Law comment on the importance of Paschen’s minimum for
air and some other gaseous media.
7. Explain Streamer Theory and Break-down in Non-Uniform Fields.
8. Explain Corona Phenomena the process of Corona discharge..
9. How does the process of breakdown occur in electro-negative gases.
10. Write notes on (a) Breakdown in Solids (b) Breakdown in Liquid dielectrics.
11. Explain Avelanche Breakdown and Electromechanical Breakdown
12. Explain how a Tesla Coil can be used for insulator testing and highlight the importance of
resonance in the testing process.
13. Explain how Cascade Transformer Set can be use dto generate HVAC and give details of
the Stage efficiency? Also comment on the Stray capacitance effects on the efficiency &
performance of the Cascade Transformer Set?
14. Describe methods of HVDC voltage generation. Derive the appropriate expressions for
the efficiency and ripple factor of the rectifier circuits.
15. Explain the working principle of a “Voltage Doubler Circuit”.
16. What is a Cockroft – Walton circuit.
17. Derive expressions for voltage efficiency and ripple factor in Cockroft Walton Circuit.
18. Explain the working principle of Van-De – Graff Generator.
19. How are standard lightning and switching impulse waveforms generated.
20. Analyze a single stage impulse generator and derive expressions for energy and
efficiency.
21. Write notes on (a) Trigatron gaps (b) impulse current generation (c) three electrode gap.
Ch. 3. Measurement of HV
22. Explain the working principle of a electrostatic voltmeter in the context of HVAC
generation.
23. What is Chibb and Fortescue Method for HVAC measurement.
24. How is HVDC measurement carried out using Generating voltmeter, Series resistance
microammeter for HVDC .
25. Discuss the effects of humidity, temperature, polarity on HV breakdown under (a) AC (b)
DC and (c) Impulse.
26. Explain how potential dividers can be used for impulse measurements.
27. Discuss the effect of stray capacitance in potential dividers. Derive expressions for the
response time.
28. What are the distinct characteristics of Mixed RC potential dividers and compare the
advantages with Resistance & Capacitance dividers.
29. Write notes on : (a) Magnetic Links (b) Klydonograph
Ch 4. NON-DISTRUCTIVE HV TESTS:
30. Explain the method of using the Schering bridge method for the measurement of
discharges.
31. Explain the methods of Partial Discharges. Discuss Partial Discharge detection.
Ch. 5. HIGH VOLTAGE TESTS ON ELECTRICAL APPARATUS:
32. What are the various types of insulators that are used in HV Line insulation.
33. Discuss the use of HV bushings and its design. Comment on the bushing design criteria.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 31 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 32 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 33 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 34 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 35 COURSE DIARY
06EE74 -
INDUSTRIAL DRIVES &
APPLICATIONS
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 36 COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS
INDUSTRIAL DRIVES & APPLICATIONS
Sub. Code: 06EE74 IA marks: 25
Hrs/week: 04 Exam Hrs: 03
Total Hrs: 52 Exam marks: 100
PART –A
1. An Introduction to Electrical drives & its dynamics: Electrical drives. Advantages of
electrical drives. Parts of electrical drives, choice of electrical drives, status of dc and ac drives,
Dynamics of electrical drives, Fundamental torque equation , speed torque conventions and
multiquadrant operation. Equivalent values of drive parameters, components of low torques,
nature and classification of load torques, calculation of time and energy loss in transient
operations, steady state stability, load equalization.
09 Hrs
2. Selection of motor power rating: Thermal model of motor for heating and cooling, Classes
of motor duty, determination of motor rating. 05 Hrs
3. D C Motor Drives:
(a) Starting braking, transient analysis, single phase fully controlled rectifier, control of dc
separately
excited motor, Single-phase half controlled rectifier control of dc separately excited motor.
(b) Three phase fully controlled rectifier control of dc separately excited motor, three phase half
controlled controlled rectifier control of dc separately excited motor, multiquadrant operation of
dc separately excited motor fed form fully controlled rectifier. Rectifier control of dc series motor,
chopper controlled dc drives, chopper chopper control of separately excited dc motor. Chopper
control of series motor. 12 Hrs
PART –B
4. Induction motor Drives:
(a) Operation with unbalanced source voltage and single phasing, operation with unbalanced
rotor
impedances, analysis of induction motor fed from non-sinusoidal voltage supply, starting braking,
transient analysis.
(b) Stator voltage control variable voltage frequency control from voltage sources , voltage
source inverter control, closed loop control, current source inverter control, current regulated
voltage source inverter control, rotor resistance control, slip power recovery, speed control of
single phase induction motors.
12 Hrs
5. Synchronous motor Drives: Operation form faced frequency supply, synchronous motor
variable speed drives, variable frequency control of multiple synchronous motors. Self-controlled
synchronous motor drive employing load commutated thruster inverter. 12 Hrs
6. Industrial Drives: Rolling mill drives, cement mill drives, paper mill dries and textile mill
drives.
04 Hrs
Text Books:
G.K Dubey, “Fundamentals of Electrical Drives”, 2 Edition, 5th reprint Narosa publishing house
Chennai, 2002.
Reference Books:
1. N.K De and P.K. Sen, “Electrial Drives”, PHI, 2007
2. S.K Pillai, “A first course on electric drives” Wiley Eastern Ltd 1990.
3. V.R. Moorthi, “Power Electronics, Devices, Circuits and industrial applications”, Oxford
University Press, 2005.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 37 COURSE DIARY
LESSON PLAN
INDUSTRIAL DRIVES & APPLICATIONS
Hours/week: 05 Total Hours: 60
Duration of Exam: 3 Hours Sub_code: 06EE74
Max Exam marks: 100 Max I.A. Marks: 25
Chapter
No. Chapter Name Hours Topic to be covered
1
AN INTRODUCTION
TO ELECTRICAL
DRIVES & ITS
DYNAMICS
1. Electric drive definition, Advantages,
Disadvantages
2 Classification of Electric drives, Status of ac
drives & dc drives
3 Types of motors used in industrial applications
4
Dynamics of electric drives, Basic voltage &
torque equations of dc shunt motor & dc series
motor
5
Speed-torque conventions, Operating modes:
Motoring, Regenerative braking, Dynamic
braking, Plugging of dc shunt motor
6
Operating modes: Motoring, Regenerative
braking, Dynamic braking, Plugging of dc series
motor
7
Fundamental torque equation incorporating
inertia & viscous friction components of load
torque
8 Transients in dc shunt motor, block diagram,
solution of transient equation
9 Transients in dc series motor, block diagram,
solution of transient equation
10 Transients in 3φ induction motor, block
diagram, solution of transient equation
11
Simulation of time & energy loss in transient
operation & Steady state stability & phenomena
of load equalization
2
SELECTION OF
MOTOR POWER
RATING
12 Derivation of Heating & cooling equations of a
motor
13 Classes of motor duty: Continuous, Intermittent
short time and drawing of duty cycle (contd.)
14 Classes of motor duty: Continuous, Intermittent
short time and drawing of duty cycle
15 Determination of power rating of motors
16 Solution of numericals on thermal ratings of
motors
17 Solution of numericals on determination of
power rating
3 & 4 DC MOTOR DRIVES
(a)
18 Thyristor, Classes, Applications, Commutation
mechanism
19 discussion on 1- φ phase half wave & full wave
and 3φ full wave thyristor bridge
20 1φ half wave converter drive of dc shunt motor
21 1φ full f wave converter drive of dc shunt
motor (contd.)
22 Determination of performance parameters of a
1φ full f wave converter drive
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 38 COURSE DIARY
3 & 4 DC MOTOR DRIVES
(b)
23 3φ full f wave converter drive of dc shunt
motor (contd.)
24 3φ half wave converter drive of dc shunt motor
25 3φ full f wave converter drive of dc series
motor (contd.)
26 3φ half wave converter drive of dc series motor
27 Introduction to chopper control of drives & types
of choppers
28 Chopper control of dc shunt motor (contd.)
29 Chopper control of dc series motor
30 Chopper control of dc series motor (contd.)
31 Industrial Application of dc drives
5 & 6
INDUCTION MOTOR
DRIVES
(a)
32
Basic voltage & torque equations of a 3φ
induction motor, equivalent circuit, Torque-slip
characteristics
33 Operation of 3φ Induction motor with
unbalanced voltage
34 Phenomena of single phasing of a 3φ Induction
motor
35 Operation of 3φ Induction motor with
unbalanced rotor impedances
36 Steady state & transient analysis of the motor
fed with non-sinusoidal voltage
37 Steady state & transient analysis of the motor
fed with non-sinusoidal voltage (contd.)
38 Discussion on starting & braking techniques
5 & 6
INDUCTION MOTOR
DRIVES
(b)
39 Stator voltage control of 3φ Induction motor
(contd.)
40 Stator voltage control of 3φ Induction motor
41 Stator voltage control with variable source
voltage & variable frequency (contd.)
42 Stator voltage control with variable source
voltage & variable frequency
43 Voltage source inverter control
44 Current source inverter control
45 Rotor resistance control
46 Slip energy recovery technique
7 SYNCHRONOUS
MOTOR DRIVES
47 Basic voltage equations of a 3φ synchronous
motor, phasor diagram, phenomena of hunting
48
Normal Operation of Synchronous Motor with
excitations: over-excited, upf excitation & under
excitation, V-curves
49
Stator voltage control of 3φ Synchronous
motor employing half wave bridge & full wave
bridge
50
Stator voltage control of 3φ Synchronous
motor employing half wave bridge & full wave
bridge (contd.)
51 3φ half wave converter drive of Synchronous
motor
52 3φ full wave converter drive of Synchronous
motor
53 Half wave Controlled operation of Synchronous
motor with variable frequency
54 Full wave Controlled operation of Synchronous
motor with variable frequency
55 Self-controlled Synchronous motor drive
employing thyristor inverter
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 39 COURSE DIARY
56 Self-controlled Synchronous motor drive
employing thyristor inverter (contd.)
8 INDUSTRIAL DRIVES
57 Rolling Mill drives : Hot Rolling Mill & Cold
Rolling Mill
58 Cement mill drive : Process, drive requirements
59 Paper mill drive & pulp production : Process,
drive requirements
60 Textile mill drive : Process, drive requirements
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 40 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 41 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 42 COURSE DIARY
06EE753 - TESTING AND
COMMISSIONING OF
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 43 COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS
TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Sub. Code: 06EE753 IA Marks : 25
Hrs/Week: 04 Exam Hrs : 03
Total Hrs: 52 Exam Marks: 100
Part- A
UNIT – 1 & 2
TRANSFORMERS:
a. Specification: Power & distribution transformer as per BIS standards
b. Installation: Location & sites, selection & design of foundation details(like bolts size, their
number, etc,) code of practice for terminal plates, polarity & phase sequence, oil tanks, drying of
windings with & without oil, general inspection.
05 Hours
c. Commissioning tests: Following tests as per national & International Standards, volt ratio
test, earth resistance oil strength, Bucholz & other relays, tap changing gear, fans & pumps,
insulation test, impulse test, polarizing index, load & temperature raise test.
05 Hours
d. Specific Tests: Determination of performance curves like efficiency, regulation etc, and
determination of mechanical stress under normal &abnormal conditions.
05 Hours
UNIT – 3 & 4
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES:
a. Specifications: As per BIS standards
b. Installation: Physical inspection, rating nameplate details, foundation details, alignments
excitation
systems, cooling and control gear, drying out.
c. Commissioning Tests: Insulation, Resistance measurement of armature & field wings,
waveform &
telephone interference factors, line charging capacity. 04 Hours
d. Performance tests: Various tests to estimate the performance for generator operations slip
maximum lagging currents, maximum reluctance power tests, sudden short circuit tests,
transient & sub transient parameters, measurements of sequence impedances, capacitive
reactance, and separation of losses, temperature raise test, and retardation tests.
05 Hours
e. Factory tests: Gap length, magnetic centrity balancing vibrations, bearing performance.
03 Hours
Part- B
UNIT – 5,6&7
Maintenance Schedule:
INDUCTION MOTORS:
a. Specifications for different types of motors, Duty, el L.P. protection.
04 Hours
b. Installation: Location of the motors (including the foundation details) & its control apparatus,
shift & alignment for various coupling, fitting of pulleys & coupling, drying of windings.
04 Hours
c. Commissioning Test: Mechanical tests for alignment, air gap symmetry, tests for bearings,
vibrations & balancing. 05 Hours
Electrical Tests: Insulation test, earth resistance, high voltage test, starting up failure to speed
up to take the load type of test, routine test, factory test and site test (in accordance with ISI
code) 02 Hours
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 44 COURSE DIARY
d. Specific Tests: Performance & temperature raise tests, stray load losses, shaft elements, and
re-rating & special duty capability. 04 Hours
SWITCH GEAR & PROTECTIVE DEVICES
Standards, types, specification, installation, commissioning tests, maintenance schedule, type &
routine tests. 06 Hours
Text Books:
1) S. Rao, Testing & Commissioning of electrical equipment
2) B .V. S. Rao, Testing & Commissioning of electrical equipment
Reference Books:
1) Relevant Bureau of Indian Standards
2) H. N. S. Gowda, “A handbook on operation and Maintenance of transformers”
3) Transformers-BHEL, J &P transformer Handbook, J & P Switch gear Handbook
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 45 COURSE DIARY
LESSON PLAN
SEMESTER: VII SUB: Testing & commissioning of
Electrical estimation
TEACHING HOURS: 60 SUB_CODE: 06EE753
Chapter
No. Chapter name Hrs Topic to be covered
Unit 1 & 2
Transformers
a) Specifications
b) Installation
1 Power transformer as per BIS standards.
2 Distribution transformer as per BIS standards.
3 Installation: Location, Site selection & Design of foundation
detail.
4 Code practice for terminal plates.
5 Polarity of windings,
6 Phase sequence and oil tanks
7 Drying of windings with oil general inspection.
8 Drying of windings without oil general inspection.
b) Commissioning
tests
9 Following Tests as per national & International Standards, volt
ratio tests.
10 Earth resistance, Oil strength test.
11 Buchholz & other relays.
12 Tap changing gear, Fans & Pumps.
13 Insulation test,
14 Impulse test.
15 Polarizing index
c) Specific test
16 Load & Temperature raise test.
17 Determination of performance curves like efficiency.
18 Determination of performance curves like regulation.
19 Determination of mechanical stress under normal & abnormal
condition.
Unit
3 & 4
Synchronous
machine:
a) Specifications
b) Installation
c) Commissioning
tests
20 As per BIS standards
21 Physical inspection, foundation details,
22 Alignments excitation systems, cooling &control gear, drying
out
23 Insulation, Resistance measurement of armature & field wings
24 Waveform & Telephone interference factors, line charging
capacity.
d) Performance
Tests
25 Various tests to estimate the performance for generator
operations
26 Slip maximum lagging current tests
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 46 COURSE DIARY
Chapter
No. Chapter name Hrs Topic to be covered
27 Maximum reluctance power tests, sudden short circuit tests
28 Transient & sub transient parameters,
29 Measurements of sequence impedances
30 Capacitive reactance, and separation of losses
31 Temperatures raise test, and retardation tests.
Factory Test 32 Gap length, magnetic eccentrity balancing vibrations
33 Bearing performance
Unit 5,6
& 7
Induction Motor
Specifications
34 For different types of motors
35 Duty, I.P protection
Installation
36 Location of the motors (Including the foundation details)
37 And motor control apparatus
38 Shaft & alignment of various coupling
39 Fitting of pullies & coupling, drying of windings
Commissioning
test
40 Mechanical test for alignment
41 Air gap symmetric
42 Test for bearings
43 Test for vibration
44 Test for balancing
Electrical Test
45 Insulation test, earth resistance
46 High Voltage test, Starting up
47 failure to speed up to take the load,
48 Type of test , routine test
49 Factory test & site test in( accordance with ISI code)
Specific test
50 Performance test
51 temperature rise ,Stray load losses,
52 Rerating, shaft alignment
53 Special duty capability
Unit 8 Switch Gear &
Protective
devices
54 Standards, functions of protective relays
55 Switchgear Control gear in power system.
56 Types: Main switchgear & Auxiliary switchgear.
57 Specifications of switchgear & control gear in power system.
58 Installation of switchgear & control gear in power system.
59 Commissioning tests on switchgear & control gear in power
system.
60 Maintenance schedule & type and routine tests on switchgear &
control gear.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 47 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 48 COURSE DIARY
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 49 COURSE DIARY
06EE766 - VLSI CIRCUITS AND
DESIGN
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 50 COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS
VLSI CIRCUITS AND DESIGN
SUB CODE: 06EE766 IA MARKS: 25
Hrs/Week: 04 Exams Hrs: 03
Total Hrs: 52 Exam Marks: 100
PART-A
1. A Review of Microelectronic 3 and an introduction to mos technology:
Introduction to integrated circuit technology, Production of E-beam masks.
06 Hrs
2. Basic Electrical properties of mos an bicmos circuit:
Rain to source current Ids versus Vds relationships-BICMOS latch up susceptibility.
08 Hrs
3. Mos and bicmos circuit design processes:
Mas layers- Symbolic diagrams.
08 Hrs
4. Basic circuit concepts:
Sheet resistance- Choice of layers.
06 Hrs
PART-B
5. Scaling of mos circuits:
Scaling model and scaling factors- Limit due to current density.
08 Hrs
6.Subsystem design and layout:
Some architecture issues- other systems considerations.
08 Hrs
7.Subsystem design processes:
Some general considerations AND An illustration of,
04 Hrs
8. Illustration of the design process
Observation on the design process, Regularity Design of an ALU subsystem.
04 Hrs
Text Books:
1. Pucknell, “Basic VLSI design” -3 edition PHI
2. Yuan Taun Tak H Ning “Fundamentals Modern VLSI Devices”, Cambridge Press, South Asia
Edition
2003,
3. Wayne wolf, “ModernVLSI Design”, Pearson Education Inc. 3rd edition, 2003.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 51 COURSE DIARY
LESSON PLAN
VLSI CIRCUITS & DESIGN
Semester: VIII Sub Code: 06EE766
Hrs/week: 05 Maximum marks: 100
Total Hours: 60 IA marks: 25
Hour
No. Unit Name Topics to be Covered
01
A Review of
Microelectronic
3 and an
introduction to
MOS
technology:
Introduction to VLSI Technology
02 MOS Introduction
03 Introduction to MOS Fabrication
04 nMOS Fabrication
05 CMOS Fabrication Methodologies
06 P-Well Process
07 N-well Process
08 Comparison to CMOS and BiCMOS Technologies
09
Basic Electrical
properties of
MOS an
BICMOS circuit
Introduction to MOS and BiCMOS Electrical Properties
10 Drain to Source versus Voltage Vds Relationships
11 Derivation for Ids Vs Vds Relation in Saturation Region
12 Derivation for Ids Vs Vds Relation in Non-Saturation Region
13 MOS Transistor Transconductance
14 Figure of Merit of MOS Transistor
15 nMOS Inverter Operational Characteristics
16 nMOS Inverter Operational Characteristics
17 Latch-up in CMOS Circuits
18 Latch-up in CMOS Circuits
19 BiCMOS Inverters
20
Mos and
bicmos circuit
design
processes
Introduction to circuit Design Process
21 MOS Layers
22 Stick Diagram Design Style
23 nMOS Design Style
24 CMOS Design Style of Stick Diagram
25 Design Rules for CMOS Circuit Design Process
26 Lambda-based Rules
27 General Observations in Design Rules
28 Double Poly CMOS/BiCMOS Design Rules
29
Basic circuit
concepts
Introduction to Basic Circuit Concepts Introduction
30 Sheet Resistance Rs Calculations for MOS
31 Sheet Resistance Rs Calculations for Inverter
32 Calculation of Area Capacitance of MOS Layers
33 Derivation for Delay Unit Calculation
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 52 COURSE DIARY
Hour
No. Unit Name Topics to be Covered
34
Propagation Delays for Cascaded Pass Transistors
35 Wiring Capacitances
36 Choice of Layers
37
Scaling of mos
circuits
Introduction to Scaling of MOS Circuits
38 Scaling Factors and Scaling Models
39 Scaling Factors and Scaling Models
40 Gate Area Calculation
41 Parasitic Capacitance Calculation in layouts
42 Parasitic Capacitance Calculation in layouts
43 Gate Area Ag, Gate Capacitance Per Unit Area Co or Cox Scaling
Factors
44 Gate Area Ag, Gate Capacitance Per Unit Area Co or Cox Scaling
Factors
45
Subsystem
design and
layout
Subsystem Design Process Introduction
46 Architectural Issues in Design
47 Architectural Issues in Design
48 Gate Restoring Logic
49 Structured Design for Combinational Logic
50 Structured Design for Combinational Logic
51 Clocked Sequentional Circuits
52 Clocked Sequentional Circuits
53
Subsystem
design
processes
Sub System Design Process
54 Power Dissipation in CMOS and BiCMOS Circuits
55 General Considerations in Design Process
56 Bipolar Drivers for Bus Lines
57
Illustration of
the design
process
Introduction to Design Process Computation
58 Design Of an ALU Subsystem
59 Consideration of Adder in Computation
60 Different Types of Multipliers Design Process
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 53 COURSE DIARY
06EEL77 - RELAY AND HIGH VOLTAGE
LAB
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 54 COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS
RELAY AND HIGH VOLTAGE LAB
SUB CODE: 06EEL77 IA MARKS: 25
Hrs/Week: 03 Exams Hrs: 03
Total Hrs: 42 Exam Marks: 50
(Total 10 experiments are to be conducted)
Part A (Choose at least two experiments)
1. Over current relay
(a) IDMT non-directional characteristics
(b) Directional features
(c) IDMT directional
2. IDMT characteristics of over voltage or under voltage relay. (solid stare or electromechanical type
3. (a) To determine 50% probability flashover voltage for air insulation subjected to impulse
voltage.
(b) Generation of standard lightning impulse voltage and to determine efficiency and
energy of impulse generator. Operating characteristics of over voltage or under voltage relay.
(Solid stare or electromechanical type).
4. Operation of negative sequence relay.
5. Bias characteristics of differential relay.
6. Current-time characteristics of fuse.
PART B (Choose at least one experiment)
1. Operating characteristics of microprocessor based (numeric) over – current relay.
2. Operating characteristics of microprocessor based (numeric) distance relay.
1. Operating characteristics of microprocessor based (numeric) over/under voltage relay.
PART C (Choose at least one experiment)
1. Generator protection –Merz-Price- protection scheme.
2. Feeder protection scheme-fault studies.
3. Motor protection scheme-fault studies.
PART D
1. Spark over characteristics of air insulation subjected to high voltage AC with spark over
voltage corrected to STP.
2 Spark over characteristics of air insulation subjected to high voltage AC, with spark over
voltage corrected to STP for uniform and non-uniform field configuration.
3 Spark over characteristics of air insulation subjected to high voltage dc –
4 Measurement of HVAC and HVDC using standard spheres.
5 Breakdown strength of transformer oil using oil-testing unit.
6 Field mapping using electrolytic tank for any one-model cable/capacitor/transmission line /
Sphere gap models.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 55 COURSE DIARY
LAB- QUESTION BANK
PART – A
1. Conduct suitable experiment to draw the IDMT characteristics of the given non-
directional Electro mechanical over current relay choosing PSM= --------% (50-200%
for phase fault relays, 10-40% for earth fault relays) and TSM = ------. Also determine
the pick up value and drop off value of this relay.
2. Obtain the DMT characteristics for the given over-voltage relay (solid
state/electromechanical) for PS = ------V and TS= ---------.
3. Obtain the DMT characteristics for the given under-voltage relay (solid
state/electromechanical) for PS = ------V and TS= ---------.
4. Demonstrate the working of a 3-phase negative sequence relay for a) with one / two
phase open, b) with unbalanced load, c) with change in phase sequence.
5. For a given negative sequence relay conduct suitable experiment to plot DMT
characteristics (Current – time characteristics ) for any one of the following cases : a)
with one / two phase open, b) with unbalanced load, c) with change in phase
sequence.
6. Plot the bias characteristics of differential relay for a given slope settings ----------------
------------(20-40%).
7. Obtain current-time characteristics for a given fuse and obtain its fusing factor for (a)
Constant length of fuse wire and (b) with constant current
PART – B
8. Obtain DMT/IDMT characteristics for the given microprocessor based over-current
relay.
9. Obtain DMT/IDMT characteristics for the given microprocessor over / under- voltage
relay.
10. Conduct suitable experiment to draw the characteristics of a given distance relay.
PART – C
11. For the given motor protection relay demonstrate the working of the relay with static
load under thermal overload condition.
PART – D
12. Obtain the breakdown voltage versus gap distance characteristics in air under the
application of HVAC for (a) plane-plane electrode configuration, (b) point-plane
electrode configuration.
13. Obtain the electric stress versus gap distance characteristics in air under the
application of HVAC for plane-plane electrode configuration (neglecting fringing
effects).
14. Obtain the electric stress versus gap distance characteristics in air under the
application of HVDC for both + and – polarities for plane-plane electrode configuration
(neglecting fringing effects).
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 56 COURSE DIARY
15. Compare the breakdown voltages for a given gap distance characteristics in air under
the application of HVDC for both + and – polarities (a) plane-plane electrode
configuration (b) point-plane electrode configuration and (c) rod-rod configuration.
(any one out of a, b, & c).
16. Compare the breakdown voltages for a given gap distance under the application of +
and – polarities of HVDC for (a) plane-plane electrode configuration (b) point-plane
electrode configuration (with plane being grounded) and (c) rod-rod configuration.
17. Compare the breakdown voltages of (a) plane-plane (b) point-plane gaps (with plane
being grounded) under the application of HVAC for a given gap distance.
18. Measure HVAC using standard spheres for a given gap distance and obtain the
breakdown voltage versus gap distance characteristics.
19. Measure HVDC using standard spheres for a given gap distance and obtain the
breakdown voltage versus gap distance characteristics.
20. Determine the breakdown voltage of transformer oil by conducting suitable experiment
as per BIS 335 and hence find the breakdown strength of that oil.
21. Obtain the field plot of the given model (a) parallel plate (neglecting fringing effects)
(b) concentric cable with and without void, (c) Sphere gap, and (d) insulator model
(any one out of a, b, c & d) using the electrolytic tank.
22. Obtain the field plot of the given model (a) parallel plate (neglecting fringing effects)
(b) concentric cable without void (anyone) using the electrolytic tank. Using this plot
calculate the capacitance and energy to plot capacitance and energy as a function of
distance. Also, find the error in these values compared to the analytical results.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 57 COURSE DIARY
VIVA – VOCE QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by Relay?
2. What do you mean by Protective Relay?
3. What are the actuating quantities used for Relays?
4. Define PSM.
5. Define TSM.
6. Define Operating time of a Relay.
7. Draw IDMT-Characteristics for a Non-Directional Over Current Relay.
8. Draw IDMT-Characteristics for a Directional Over Current Relay.
9. Draw DMT-Characteristics of Over Voltage Relay.
10. Draw DMT-Characteristics of Under Voltage Relay.
11. Draw Bias Characteristics of Differential Relay.
12. What are the methods used for Feeder protection?
13. What are the methods used for Generator protection?
14. What are the methods used for Motor protection?
15. Define Negative Sequence Relay.
16. Why IDMT-Relays are widely used for Over Current Protection?
17. What are the advantages of Merz-Price Protection System?
18. What are the advantages of Microprocessor based protective relays?
19. What are the different types of protective relays?
20. What is meant by BackUp Relay?
21. What is meant by Electromagnetic Relay?
22. What is meant by Static Relay?
23. What is meant by Over Current Relay?
24. What is meant by Under Voltage Relay?
25. What is meant by Directional Relay?
26. What is meant by Time Lag Relay?
27. What is meant by Instantaneous Relay?
28. What is meant by Inverse Time Relay?
29. What is meant by Induction Relay?
30. What is meant by Thermal Relay?
31. What is meant by Distance Relay?
32. What is meant by Differential Relay?
33. What is meant by Earth Fault Relay?
34. What is meant by Phase Fault Relay?
35. What is meant by Negative Sequence Relay?
36. What is meant by Burden?
37. Which material is used to make Relay contacts?
38. What are the factors affecting the Operating speed of Relays?
39. Which relays are used to protect the power transformers against external short
circuits/over loads?
40. Which relay is used in motor starters for over load as well as single phasing protection?
41. Which relay is gas-actuated relay?
42. In which relay the time of operation is inversely proportional to the magnitude of current
or other quantity causing operation?
43. In which relay the operation depends upon the ratio of voltage and current?
44. Buchholz relay is used for which protection?
45. Buchholz relay is connected between -------and -------.
46. When the electromagnetic relay will operate?
47. Give examples for directional relay?
48. Give examples for non-directional relay?
49. Which relay gives protection against unbalanced supply voltage?
50. Which relay is used in alternators for over speed protection?
51. In which relay the operation depends upon the ratio of voltage to the current?
52. Loss of excitation protection of generator is rendered by which relay?
53. Which relay has movable number of iron circuit?
54. Merz Price protection system is not suitable for protection of feeders beyond 33 KV why?
55. Buchholz relay is used to protect ---------.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 58 COURSE DIARY
56. The relay, which has no moving part, is called ----------.
57. The relay, which has quick operation, is called ----------.
58. Draw the characteristics of directional relay.
59. Draw the characteristics of Mho relay.
60. What are the types of fuses available?
61. Draw the fuse characteristics?
62. What are the advantages of HRC fuse?
63. Define fusing factor.
64. A fuse is made up of which material?
65. Define pre-arcing time.
66. Define arcing time.
67. Define cut off time.
68. Draw the cut off characteristics of fuse.
69. What is the relation between fusing current and diameter of the use wire?
70. How the fuse is a blow of?
71. Fuse in a motor circuit provides which type of protection?
72. What is the operating time for fuse wire?
73. What is the maximum range of fuse used for protection?
74. What is HRC fuse?
75. Compare HRC fuse and circuit breaker as interrupting device.
76. The maximum value to which the fault current reaches before the fuse melt is called ----
---.
77. What is the operating time of HRC fuse (in cycles)?
78. What are the disadvantages of HRC fuse?
79. What are the types of high voltages available?
80. What are the advantages of high voltage D.C?
81. What are the advantages of high voltage A.C?
82. What are the ranges of high voltages available in India?
83. What are the methods available to generate HVDC?
84. What are the methods available to generate HVAC?
85. What are the methods available to generate Impulse voltages?
86. How high voltage impulses are generated?
87. What are the methods available to measure HVDC?
88. What are the methods available to measure HVAC?
89. What are the methods available to measure Impulse voltages?
90. Define flash over.
91. Draw the flash over characteristics of HVDC.
92. Draw the flash over characteristics of HVAC.
93. What are the properties of transformer oil?
94. What is meant by breakdown strength of transformer oil?
95. When the transformer oil needs replacement?
96. What is the value of Electrolyte used in transformer tank?
97. Draw the field mapping characteristics.
98. Which one is used as Electrolyte in transformer tank?
99. What is the value of relative permittivity of saltwater?
100.What is the value of relative permittivity of seawater?
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 59 COURSE DIARY
06EEL78 - POWER SYSTEM
SIMULATION LAB
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 60 COURSE DIARY
SYLLABUS
POWER SYSTEM SIMULATION LAB
SUB CODE: 06EEL78 IA MARKS: 25
Hrs/Week: 03 Exams Hrs: 03
Total Hrs: 42 Exam Marks: 50
Power system simulation using MATLAB/ C or C ++ Sie lab /octave
1. a) Y Bus formation for p systems with and without mutual coupling, by singular
transformation and inspection method.
b) Determination of bus currents, bus power and line flow for a specified system voltage (Bus)
Profile
2. Formation of 2-bus, using 2-bus build Algorithm without mutual.
3. ABCD parameters:
Formation for symmetric II/I configuration.
Verification of AD-BC=1
Determination of coefficient and regulation
4. Determination of power angle diagrams for salient and non-salient pole synchronous m/c s,
reluctance power, excitation, emf and regulation.
5.To determine I) Swing curve II) critical clearing time for a single m/c for connected to infinity
bus through a pair of identical transmission lines, 3-phase fault on one of the lines for variation
of inertia constant/line parameters /fault location/clearing time/pre-fault electrical output.
6. Formation of Jacobian for a system not exceeding 4 buses *(no PV buses) in polar
coordinates
7. Write a program to perform load using Gaus- Seidel method (only p q bus)
8. To determine fault currents and voltages in a single transmission line systems with star-delta
transformers at a specified location for SLGF, DLGF.
9. Load flow analysis using Gauss Siedel method, NR method, Fast decoupled flow method for
both pq and pv buses.
10. Optimal Generator Scheduling for Thermal power plants.
Note:
1, 2, 3, 5, 7 ---- Simulation Experiments using MATLAB / C or C++ / Sielab/ Octave
4, 6, 9 use suitable standard package.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 61 COURSE DIARY
LAB- QUESTION BANK
1. Using singular transformation technique, determine the bus admittance matrix of the given
test system. Also determine bus currents given Voltage magnitudes and angles. Using MATLAB
only.
2. Using singular transformation technique, determine Y bus for a given test system with mutual
coupling (no line charging admittance). Using MATLAB only.
3. Using inspection method, determine bus admittance matrix with off-nominal turns ratio in
lines __________ & __________ of the given system. Also determine line flows and line losses
given Voltage magnitudes and angles. Using MATLAB only.
4. a) Determine bus power & line flows for a specified system voltage profile. (Y bus to be
given) using MATLAB only.
b) Find the ABCD constants, regulation and efficiency of short transmission line given Vr &
Uir (or VS & Is). Verify AD-BC=1. Using MATLAB only.
5. a) Find the ABCD constants, regulation and efficiency of medium transmission line given Vr &
Uir (or VS & Is). Verify AD-BC=1. Using MATLAB only.
b) Given a cost equation of different units in a plant determine economic generation using
the available software package or total demand of ____________MW (typically 150 MW for 2
units & 250 Mw for 3 units) neglecting transmission losses.
6. Find the ABCD constants, regulation and efficiency of Long transmission line given Vr & Uir
(or VS & Is). Also find equivalent T & Π parameters. Verify AD-BC=1. Find the no load receiving
end voltage and comment on the result, Using MATLAB only.
7. Find the ABCD constants, regulation and efficiency of Long transmission line given receivingΠ
end power & power factor. Also find equivalent T & Π parameters. Verify AD-BC=1. Find the no
load receiving end voltage and comment on the result, Using MATLAB only.
8.a) For salient pole synchronous machine connected to infinite bus calculate the excitation emf,
peak powers, reluctance power & regulation. Plot the power angle curve. Using MATLAB only.
(Given terminal voltage, current & reactance)
8.b) Given a cost equation of different units in a plant determine economic generation using the
available software package for total load demand of ________ MW (typically 150 MW for 2 units
& 250 Mw for 3 units) neglecting transmission losses.
9.a) For non-salient pole synchronous machine connected to infinite bus calculate the excitation
emf, peak powers, reluctance power & regulation. Plot the power angle curve. Using MATLAB
only. (Given terminal voltage, current & reactance)
9.b) Given a cost equation and loss co-efficient of different units in a plant determine economic
generation using the available software package for total load demand of ________ MW
(typically 150 MW for 2 units & 250 Mw for 3 units) with transmission losses.
10.a) The system having a single machine connected to an infinite bus has the following data:
Pi=0.9 M=0.016 S/ele rad (2.8 x 10-4 S/electrical degree)
E1=1.1 Transfer reactance before fault –Xo=0.45pu
E2=1.0 Transfer reactance during fault –X1=1.25pu
Plot the Swing curve for sustained fault. Also find the critical clearing angle and critical clearing
time if transfer reactance after fault –X2=0.55pu. Using C++ only.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 62 COURSE DIARY
10.b) Given a cost equation and loss co-efficient of different units in a plant determine
economic generation using the available software package for total demand of __________MW
(typically 150 MW for 2 units & 250 Mw for 3 units) with transmission losses.
11.a) The system having a single machine connected to an infinite bus has the following data:
Pi-0.9 M=0.016 S/ele rad (2.8 x 10-4 S/electrical degree)
E1=1.1 Transfer reactance before fault –Xo=0.45pu
E2=1.0 Transfer reactance during fault –X1=1.25pu
Transfer reactance after fault –X2=0.55pu
Plot the Swing curve for fault cleared in ___________ & __________ seconds. (Typically 0.125,
0.3 &0.42 secs). Comment on the stability o f the system in the both the cases. Using C++
only.
11.b) Given a cost equation of different units in a plant determine economic generation using
the available software package for total load demand of ____________MW (typically 150 MW
for 2 units & 250 Mw for 3 units) neglecting transmission losses.
12.a) Determine the fault current and voltages in the single machine connected to a
transmission line through Y- ∆ transformer when fault occurs at the given location a) for 3-
phase symmetrical fault b) SLGF. Using software package. Comment on the result. (Necessary
data to be supplied)
12.b) For Non-salient pole synchronous machine connected to infinite bus calculate the
excitation emf, peak power & regulation. Plot the power angle curve. Using MATLAB only.
(Given terminal voltage, current & reactance)
13.a) Determine the fault current and voltages in the single machine connected to a
transmission line through Y- ∆ transformer when fault occurs at the given location a) for 3-
phase symmetrical fault b) LLG. Using software package. Comment on the result. (Necessary
data to be supplied)
13.b) For salient pole synchronous machine connected to infinite bus calculate the excitation
emf, peak powers, reluctance power & regulation. Plot the power angle curve. Using MATLAB
only. (Given terminal voltage, current & reactance)
14) Form the Jacobian for a system not exceeding four buses in polar co-ordinates. Using
MATLAB C++ only.
15) Using the available software package conductor load flow analysis for the given power
system using gauss-Seidel / Newton-Raphson load flow method. Determine (a) voltage at all
buses (b) line flows (c) line losses and (d) slack bus power. Also draw the necessary flow chart
(general flow chart). Compare the results when (1) a generator having generation of
_______________(P+jQ) pu is added at bus number _____________ or a generator is
remived. (2) A line is added between the buses __________ & ____________ of impedance Z=
________________Pu. The study should be done by simulating / creating single line diagram.
16) Using the available software package conduct load flow analysis for the given power system
using Gauss-Seidel / Newton-Raphson load flow method. Determine (a) voltage at all buses (b)
line flows (c) line losses and (d) slack bus power. Also draw the necessary flow chart (general
flow chart). Compare the results when (1) a line is removed (2) load is removed. The study
should be done by simulating/creating single line diagram.
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 63 COURSE DIARY
VIVA – VOCE QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by a per unit diagram?
2. What are the advantages of the per unit system?
3. What are symmetrical components?
4. What are the advantages of the symmetrical components?
5. What is a bus?
6. What are the different types of buses in power system?
7. What is the need of base values?
8. What is single line diagram?
9. What is bus impedance matrix?
10. What is bus admittance matrix?
11. Define load flow studies?
12. What is the importance of L.F.Studies?
13. What are the advantages of iterative methods over Network Analysers?
14. Name the different methods of studying load flows?
15. What is meant by Coupling?
16 What is meant by Decoupling?
17. What are the advantages of Gauss Siedal Methods?
18. What are the advantages of Newton Raphson Method?
19. What are the advantages of Fast Decouple Method?
20. What is Slack bus?
21. What is the importance of slack bus?
22. How many slack buses can be there in a power system?
23. What is meant by load bus?
24. What are the specifications in the load bus?
25. What is meant by voltage bus?
26. What are the specifications in voltage bus?
27. What is the value of Q if it falls below the constraint?
28. What is the value of Q if it falls above the constraint?
29. What are the advantages of Y bus?
30. What are the static load flow equations?
31. What is meant by Acceleration factor?
32. What are the approximations made in impedance diagram?
33. What is Jacobian Matrix?
34. What are the advantages of Jacobian Matrix?
35. What is meant by incidence matrix?
36. What is meant by primitive matrix?
37. What do you mean by flat voltage start?
38. How the convergence of N.R. method is speeded up?
39. What is infinite bus?
40. Mention the various methods of voltage control employed in power system?
41. What is synchronous capacitor?
42. What is regulating transformer and booting transformer?
43. What is meant by a fault?
44. How faults occur in power systems?
45. How the faults are classified?
46. What is meant by fault calculations?
47. What is the reason for transients during short circuits?
48. What is meant by transient reactance?
49. What is meant by sub reactance?
50. Which is greater?
51. Which is most severe fault in P.S?
52. Give the sequence diagrams of an unleaded generator for various faults?
53. What is meant by stability?
54. What are the different types of stabilities?
55. What is meant by dynamic stability?
56. What are the methods by which steady state stability is assessed?
57. What are the methods of analyzing transient stability?
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. VII SEM
MVJCE 64 COURSE DIARY
58. What is meant by equal area criterion?
59. What is meant by swing equation?
60. Write the general power angle characteristics?
61. What is meant by step-by-step method of obtaining the transient stability?
62. What is meant by swing curve?
63. List the assumptions made in step-by-step method?
64. What is meant by space matrix?
65. Differentiate between symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults?
66. What is meant by short transmission lines?
67. What is meant by medium transmission lines?
68. What is meant by long transmission lines?
69. What are the models of a medium transmission lines?
70. Model a long transmission line?
71. What are ABCD constants?
72. What is meant by surge impedance?
73. What is meant by propagation constants?
74. What is meant by skin effect?
75. What is meant by proximity effect?
76. What is meant by surge impedance loading?
77. What is meant by ferranty effect?
78. Write the expression for ABCD for a long transmission line?
79. Why Z-bus algorithm is preferred for short circuit studies?
80. Why Z-bus algorithm is preferred for load flow studies?
81. What is meant by Economic load dispatch?
82. What is meant by Unit commitment?
83. What is meant by spinning reserve?
84. What is meant by Penalty factor?
85. Write the quadratic polynomial for the Crt equation?
86. Explain each term of the equation?
87. What is meant by Loss co-efficient?
88. What is meant by swing curve?
89. How do you determine stability from it?
90. State the assumptions made in the short circuit studies?
91. What is off nominal transformer ratio?
92. In what type of fault -ve and zero currents are abscant?
93. What is meant by clearing line with respect to a equal area criterion?
94. What are the methods by which transient stability limit can be improved?
95. Write down the units of inertia constants M and H and their interrelation ship?
96. How convergence of NR method can be speeded up?
97. What is the importance of Mi power package?
98. Explain the method involved in studying the critengency analysis in a L.F.Studies using Mi
power package?
99. Name the fault in which all the fault current components are equal?
100. Name the fault in which +ve , -ve sequence crts together is = zero sequence crt in
magnitude?