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ELECTRICAL MACHINERYGENERALIZATIONS
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Rotating Electrical Machines:1. Generators
2. Motors
3. Rotary Converters
4. Frequency Converters
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Generator is a machine that
converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy.
Motor is a machine that converts
electrical energy into mechanicalenergy.
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When an electric generator is in operation, it
is driven (rotated) by a mechanical machineusually called prime mover.
Types of Prime Movers:
1. Internal combustion engines2. Electric motors
3. Turbines (steam, water, wind)
4. Reciprocating engines
5. Hand crank
6. Compressed air
7. Other sources of mechanical energy
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When an electric motor is inoperation, it is supplied with
electrical energy and develops
torque, that is, a tendency to producerotation. And if the rotating element
of the motor is free to turn, it will do
so and thereby cause mechanicalrotation of itself and its application.
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Motor-generator set
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Turbo-generator set
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Generators and Motors
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Wind-powered electric generator
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Wind-powered electric generator
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Solar Thermal Electricity
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The Parabolic Trough
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A parabolic through concentrates
sunlight onto a black pipe with
circulating water. This uses a
focusing mechanism like fresnel
lenses and fresnel mirrors.
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Thermal fluid expansion
converts the thermal energy
into physical energy to spin
an electric generator.
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The largest solar photo voltaic
cell in the world produces only
12MW but by comparison thelargest solar thermal plant in
the world generates 354 MW.
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There is at least 10 to 100 times
more money spent on solar
photo voltaic than what isspent on solar thermal which is
10 to 100 times more promising
for power plants.
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Gas Turbine Generator
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Combined Cycle Combustion Turbines
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The basic principle of CCCTs is to use
two complementary thermodynamic
cycles to efficiently generate electricity.
Heat generated by the combustion of
natural gas in a primary gas turbine is
used to create high pressure steam that
powers secondary steam turbines.
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These systems can have athermal efficiency of 60%. CCCTs
can be 40% more efficient than
older technology fossil fuel
generation and have 90% less
emissions.
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A natural gas/air mixture is burned
in the combustion gas turbine-
generator compressors creating
electricity. The hot combustedgases exit the gas turbine and enter
the Heat Recovery Steam Generator
(HRSG). The hot gases are used toconvert water into superheated
steam.
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High pressure steam generated by
HRSG is supplied to the steamturbines generating additional
electricity. Low pressure steam
exits the steam turbines to a coldwater condenser. This condensed
steam is used to recharge the HRSG,
again cycling to high pressure steamby the hot exhaust of the gas
turbine.
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Two thermodynamic cycles are
employed in combined cycle
combustion turbines, the BraytonCycle (gas turbine) which is combined
with the Rankine Cycle (steam
turbine)to create a very efficientmodern system of energy generation.
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Combined Cycle Combustion Turbines
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400MW
Gas Turbine Generator