Date post: | 16-Apr-2017 |
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ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
Prepared by: Roxanne Mae Birador SN
HANS BERGER a German psychiatrist (1924)
-published his first paper on the human electroencephalogram in 1929.
-placing needle electrodes under the scalp of patients who had lost some of their skull bones in surgery
With Chronic depression, he committed suicide by hanging himself, died at 68y/o
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM
procedure that detects electrical activity of brain using small, flat metal discs (electrodes)
attached to the scalp
The brain cells communicate via electrical impulses and are active all the time, even when
the patient is asleep.
16 to 20-25 electrodes are attach to the scalp
The activity of brain shows up as wavy lines on an EEG recording.
It is a laboratory instrument commonly used to display and analyze the waveform of electronic signals.
EEG OSCILLOSCOPE previously called an oscillograph,and informally
known as a scope
FACTORS that may INTERFERE the reading of EEG:
• Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) caused by fasting
• Body or eye movement during the tests (but this will rarely, if ever, significantly interfere with the interpretation of the test)
• Lights, especially bright or flashing ones
• Certain medications, such as sedatives
• Oily hair or the presence of hair spray
• Drinks containing caffeine, such as coffee, cola, and tea
(these drinks can occasionally alter the EEG results, this almost never
interferes significantly with the interpretation of the test)
TYPES OF ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
Routine EEG Tests
Ambulatory EEG Tests
Sleep EEG Tests
Sleep-Deprived EEG Tests
EEG is one of the main diagnostic tests for EPILEPSY
If the patient are being evaluated for a sleep disorder, the EEG may be performed while he is asleep.
Comatose patient
Dementia
INDICATIONS
Encephalitis
Stroke
Brain tumorBrain Injury
NOTE:An EEG can't measure intelligence
or detect mental illness.
RISKS
EEGs are safe and painless. Sometimes seizures are intentionally triggered in people with epilepsy during the test, but appropriate medical care is provided if
needed.
Scalp irritation/ redness may also occur
Is Electroencephalogram can be also a
LIE-DETECTOR TEST?
Year 1999, Dr. Lawrence Farwell conducts a Brain Fingerprinting test (EEG TEST) on serial killer JB Grinder.
Convicted as a serial rapist and murderer
POLYGRAPH
PREPARATION
Wash hair night before or the day of the test, but don't use
any conditioners, hair creams, sprays or styling gels.
Hair products can make it harder for the sticky patches that hold the electrodes to adhere to patient’s scalp.
Drugs which may interfere with the EEG tracing, such
as tranquillisers, stimulants and
anticonvulsants, may be withheld for about 24 hours before the test.
Some dietary stimulants, such as tea and coffee, may also be withheld for 8 to 12
hours before an EEG.
Avoid fasting the night before or the day of the procedure. Low blood sugar may
influence the results.
If the EEG is to be performed during sleep;
ADULTS may not be allowed to sleep more than 4 or 5 hours the night before the test
CHILDREN may not be allowed to sleep for more than 5 to 7 hours the night before.
DURING THE TEST
A technician measures head and marks scalp with a special pencil, to indicate where to attach the electrodes.
A technician attaches flat metal discs (electrodes) to your scalp using a special adhesive. Sometimes, an elastic cap fitted with electrodes is used instead.
Once the electrodes are in place, an EEG typically takes up to 60 minutes. If the patient
need to sleep for the test, it may take up to three hours.
At various times, the technician may ask the patient to open and close his eyes, perform a few simple calculations, read a paragraph, look at a picture,
breathe deeply (hyperventilate) for a few minutes, or look at a flashing light.
Video is frequently recorded during the EEG. The body motions are captured by a video
camera while the EEG simultaneously records brain waves. This combined recording may help
the doctor diagnose and treat patient’s condition.
REFERENCES:
http://www.mayoclinic.org/testsprocedures/eeg/basics/definition/prc-20014093
http://www.nursingtimes.net/electroencephalography/206192.fullarticle
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/electroencephalography_eeg/page4_em.htm
http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/Com-En/Electroencephalogram-EEG.html
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/neurological/electroencephalogram_eeg_92,p07655/