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Electron ConfigurationElectron Configuration
Quantum NumberQuantum Number
Number that specifies the properties of the atomic orbitals
Tells us the distance from the nucleus and the shape of the orbital
Principal Quantum NumberPrincipal Quantum Number
Main level or shellThese are the Bohr energy levels
n = 1, n = 2, n = 3As n increases, the distance from the
nucleus increases
SublevelSublevel
Each main level is divided into sublevelsFour types of sublevels
s
p
d
f
Spherical
S orbitalsS orbitals
P orbitalsP orbitals
Dumbell shapedOne dumbell in each axis
P OrbitalsP Orbitals
D orbitalsD orbitals
F orbitalsF orbitals
OrbitalOrbital
Each sublevel is made of orbitalsEvery orbital can hold 2 electrons
s – 1 orbital – 2 electrons p – 3 orbitals – 6 electrons d – 5 orbitals – 10 electrons f – 7 orbitals – 14 electrons
Main Level
Sublevel # orbitals
# e in sublevel
Total e
Electron ConfigurationElectron Configuration
Arrangement of electrons in an atomAufbau Principle – electrons fill into an
atom starting with the lowest energy levels
Electron Configuration PolkaElectron Configuration Polka
F:\Documents\electron configuration.avi
Electron SpinElectron Spin
Way which the electrons rotate on their axisPauli Exclusion Principle – in order for two
electrons to occupy the same orbital, they must have opposite spin
Write configuration for
C
S
Higher OrderHigher Order
There are exceptions to the order of filling as you move to higher levels
Br
Valence ElectronsValence Electrons
Electrons in the last main energy levelThese are the electrons involved in
chemical reactionsThere are a maximum of 8 valence
electrons
How to find valence eHow to find valence e--
Write configuration and count electrons in last main energy level
Examples: Find valence electrons for
C
Fe
Cl
Draw Dot StructureDraw Dot Structure
C
Fe
Cl
Periodic TablePeriodic Table
Demitri MendeleevDemitri Mendeleev
First to publish a chart of the elementsArranged by increasing atomic mass with
similar elements in columns
Moseley’s TableMoseley’s Table
He suggested that the elements are arranged by atomic number rather than atomic mass
Periodic Law – chemical and physical properties are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
Table PropertiesTable Properties
Horizontal Rows are called PeriodsVertical Columns are called Groups or
FamiliesFor every group or family, the electron
arrangement is the same
Configuration from the TableConfiguration from the Table
Group tells end configuration, period tells tells the highest energy level
Ca in group 2 period 4 so it ends in 4s2
BlocksBlocks
Chart is broken into blocks based on the orbitals they fill last
Groups 1 and 2 fill s last – called s blockGroups 3 –12 called d blockGroups 13 – 18 called p blockBottom two rows are the f block
Name the element with the Name the element with the following end configurationfollowing end configuration
5s1
2s22p3
4s23d6
3s23p6
6s25d9
http://modelscience.com/PeriodicTable.html