MIRRORCLE
4MeV MIRRORCLE1MeV InjectorMicrotron
Electron storage ring based tabletoplight source, MIRRORCLEfor protein crystallography
Large scale SR
Hironari YamadaSLLS Ritsumeikan University
contents1. What is MIRRORCLE2. MIRRORCLE is a storage ring which generate
extremely bright FIR 3. How to generate hard x-rays by a few MeV
storage ring4. How it’s different from synchrotron light source
or X-ray tube. 5. Beam line, in which different energy is extracted
to the same direction by a single monochrometer 6. Demonstration of Dispersive EXAFS7. Intensity of monochromatic beam is enough to
proceed crystallography8. Small angle scattering is advanced with
MIRRORCLE
MIRRORCLE is a low energy, tabletop electron storage ring
60cm
MicrotronInjector
Storage ring
2008年に成功
2006年稼動
2003年稼動
X-ray characterizationEUV lithography
X-ray imaging, NDT
FIR spectroscopy
MIRRORCL 20SXMIRRORCL 20SX
MIRRORCLE CV4MIRRORCLE CV4
MIRRORCLE 6X (6FIR)MIRRORCLE 6X (6FIR)
MIRRORCLE’s
MIRRORCLE-CV1
Medical imagingX-ray microscope
MIRRORCLE is a storage ring4A beam current is accumulated
Damping time:10msec, lifetime:1min without target
Immediate after the injection
During the damping
Fully damped
accumulation Injection is stopped Beam decay
内外
ωω
ωωπ
ωω
ωωπ
ωωωω
ω
Δ
Δ−≈
Δ−=
ΩΔΩΔ=
∫Δ
)(1)exp(
)(1)exp(
)(),,(
32
2
32
2
s
s
s
s
p
AkTwc
w
p
AdkTwc
w
dpAdTPI
h
h
h
h
The observed maximum temperature of the beam 300deg C represent 4A beam current, and 0.63mW/B.W. at 11μm wavelength
How to generate hard x-rays by a few MeV electron storage ring
Carbon nano tube target is one of the best
800W storage ring RF power is applied
The observed X-ray power is 225mGy(625Gy)/min at 150mA injector
peak current and 400 Hz repetitionsMeasured by the ion chamber
Target is placed
MIRRORCLE generate cone beam
Photon density=1010 （ 108 ）
photons/sec, mrad２
Photon density＝photons／Ω、sec、band width(assuming point emitter size)
Brilliance＝photon density／A
Ωmrad2
Emitter size Ａ
Total power10kW(100W)
Brilliance and Flux (simulation)
Flux［2π／γ２］
Measure X-ray flux
Measurement of x-ray density
1KW RF 20 MeV MIRRORCLE
1KW Cu tube
Intensity (mR/pixel/s) 69 30
Distance from the source point (m) 3.1 2.6
X-ray energy (keV) 13.4 8
Width of sagittal bent crystal (± mrad) 3.1 3.1
Intensity (mR/mrad2) 11.1 4.8
Focused beam size <1mm 3mm
Normalized value by the diffraction efficiency (mR/s/mrad2)
12873 3606
X-ray intensity is compared with X-ray tube by the same measurement
configuration
Sagittal bent crystal（1:1 optics）
X-ray tube（monochromatic）
NIRRORCLE(white)
Why MIRRORCLE is bright?
Δr=±1cm
15cm
2πΔr =6cm
Betatron tune is near 0.5
Mode is fixed by the target. All electron approaches to the target again in the next collision.
Large intensity is the subject of repetition rate 1kHz – 10kHz
How it’s different from synchrotron light source and X-ray tube
SynchrotronSynchrotronInjectorInjector
Ｘ線Ｘ線
@ High energy X-ray
> NDT of heavy construction
@ Multi color experiment
> Characterization of materials
> Enables MAD method
@ Orbit radius=8cm> portable source@ stored beam current=4A> High power radiation source
@ Enables highly Magnified imaging > distance reduces the scattering background
> Enables imaging of large body
> Enables Dispersive XAFS
4. Polychromatic X-ray
2. Small emission point
3. Cone beam
1. High current
A
B
C
Advantage of small emission point
• fine space resolution in the imaging
• fine energy resolution with monochrometer
Fine space resolution is obtained without loosing intensity
Test chartX-ray contact image
Pb1mmPoint
Pt100μmPoint
Cu25μmPoint
W10μmPoint
W10μmLine
W2.5μmLine
12times m
agnified
imagin
g
SOURCE：MIRRORCLE-6XDetector：Imaging Plate(FUJIFILM, XG-1 150μm/pixel)S-O distance 400mm
20 16 12.5 10 8 [LPM]
Configuration of magnified imagingImaging plate
L
sample 2L＝750 (2 times)
10L＝3750(10 timesImaging Plate: ST-VI（standard）
Reader：FCR-XG1（FUJIFILM Co.）
150μm/pixel Dynamic range12bit
100 times magnification and 1 μm size emitter appreciate 1.5μm space resolution with 150um detector
Polychromatic beam is usefulwhich include more information
2mm・target size: 25μmφ・Detector: Imaging plate（FUJIFILM XG-1 150μm/pixel）
12 times
magnification
Phase contrast image of mouse born
White Laue and Topography at 1.5 m dist.
SiO2(111) sample
Energy resolution of monochrometer
monochro:Si(111)
Photon Factory
MIRRORCLE 50005000
10100
Energy resolutionE/ΔE
Source ssize[μｍ]
Source-detector[ｍ]
325
MIRRORCLE 51001 1
ＸＡＮＥＳ
ＥＸＡＦＳ吸収係数
光エネルギー
XAFSスペクトル
Short beam line
Detector size：0.1mm
BlSEE θτθ cot)(/ 22 Δ+Δ+Δ=Δ
Δθ：slit openingΔτ：width of Bragg refraction (~10-5)ΔS：emitter sizel： distance from the sourceθB：Bragg angle
Advances of widely spread radiation from small emitter and polychromatic
beam• １(10)μmφwire target provide E/ΔE=5000(3000)
at 1m distance• 50mrad spread gives 2keV dispersion
2keV
Side view
e-
X-ray
Different energy X-rays are extracted to the same direction
（Sagittal bent crystal）
θ1
θ2
θ 3
λ1
λ2
λ3
e- X-ray
target
Protein crystal
monochrometer
Top view
Dedicated beam line design
Beam line layout
target
slitmonochrometer
CCD camera
Shield is 30cm thick Pb
This facility was originally designed for LIGA and lithography
Beam line view
Rigaku Mercury CCD was no goodRigaku Mercury CCD was no good
3ｍ from the source point
Dispersive EXAFS
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
mR
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
Mo10um
Sampleなし
DXAFS spectrum was taken in 30 min30 min＞troidal mirror＞3.6sec
Dispersive XAFS Mo10mm
0.02
0.07
0.12
0.17
0.22
19950 20050 20150 20250 20350 20450 20550
Photon Energy [eV]
mμt
0.2
0.205
0.21
0.215
0.22
0.225
0.23
0.235
0.24
0.245
0.25
19950 20050 20150 20250 20350 20450 20550
Photon Energy [eV]
mμt
Dispersive XAFS Mo10μm
Present MIRRORCLE’s beam quality and photon density is enough
for protein crystallography!
Results of 1 hours accumulation at 3 m distance
S:300,000/pixel
BG:70
Detector: IP (Rigaku R‐AXIS)Photon Energy :14keVSource‐Detector: 3m
S/B~4,200
Problem is the background
Way to manage the problems
• Specific shielding in which beam line is composed• Make beam lines as short as possible. Small target
still enables high energy resolution• In the beam line include vertically focusing
elements• Increasing the photon density one order by
increasing the injector repetition rate to 4kHz.
MIRRORCLE-20 shielding system
Plane schematic view Vertical view
Microtron injectorJack up shielding
Specific beam line designing is necessary
Bent crystal
Bent crystal
1 μm thick
line source
This scheme is feasible by MIRRORCLE.
Measurement of protein shapeby the small angle scattering CT
feasible by MIRRORCLE
collimator
We combines SAXS and fan beam CT to measures We combines SAXS and fan beam CT to measures nano to 100nm size particles and structurenano to 100nm size particles and structure
1~100nm particle could be distinguished
MIRRORCLE enables the measurement of shape and structure of protein by using narrowly collimated fan beam. Small angle scattering and CT is combined
1 μm gap is feasible by 1 μm target of MIRRORCLE
CT algorithm for SAXS
summary
• Widely spread polychromatic X-ray beam generated from tiny emitter of MIRRORCLE is extremely useful in material characterization, protein crystallography, and imaging
• Protein crystallography is possible in minutes with present power of MIRRORCLE with particularly designed beam line and specific shielding structure
