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EG1003: Introduction to Engineering andDesign

Electronic Filters

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Overview

ObjectiveBackgroundMaterialsProcedure

e!ort " Presentation#losing

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Objective

$earn about electrical %lters

Di&erent t'!es

(ses

)*at is t*e +3dB !oint,

#reate %lters and a cr'stal set radio using-ulti!le circuit ele-ents

Identi.' %lters based on generated gra!*s

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/re uenc' es!onse Gra!*

Gain in dB2

atio o. out!ut against in!ut04log 5out"5in2

6lwa's negative value+3dB Point

3dB dro! o. signal !ower .ro- *ig*est !ointon gain7ignal !ower is *al. o. original value

#uto& /re uenc' in 892/re uenc' at +3dB Point

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/re uenc' es!onse Gra!*

Plot o. Gain versus/re uenc' o.electrical signal7e-i+logarit*-ic

scale$inear +a;is<logarit*-ic =+a;is

CutoffFrequency

3 dB

Gain (dB)(linear scale)

Gain vs.Frequency

Max Gain(dB)

Band idt!

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)*at are /ilters,

Eli-inate unwanted .re uencies

8ig*+!ass or low+!ass/avor desired .re uencies

Band+!assBandwidt*: .re uenc' range %lter allows to!ass

E;a-!leadio tunes in to !articular station

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Basic /ilter >'!es

$ow+Pass /ilter

$ow .re uencies !ass

• Low-Pass

• High-Pass

• Band-

Pass3dB Point:-3dB

Cutoff Frequency:1590 H

Bandwidth:0 - 1590 H

IGN

PASS

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Basic /ilter >'!es

8ig*+Pass /ilter

8ig* .re uencies !ass

• Low-Pass

• High-Pass

• Band-

Pass3dB Point:-3dB

Cutoff Frequency:1!0 H

Bandwidth:1!0 - " H

PASS

IGNORE

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Basic /ilter >'!es

Band+Pass /ilter

$i-ited .re uenc' range !asses

• Low-Pass

• High-Pass

• Band-Pass

3dB Point: -3dB

Cutoff Frequencies:#00 and !00 H

Bandwidth:#00 - !00 H

$esonant Freq %High$es&onse Pt':500 H

IGNORE IGNORE

PASS

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Electrical >er-inolog'

5oltage 52 ?unit @ 5 .or 5oltsA

Potential di&erence in electricalenerg'

#urrent I2 ?unit @ 6 .or 6-!eresA

#*arge ow rate#an be !ositive or negative

• (er)s

• *+e)ents

• ,iring

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Electrical >er-inolog'

esistor 2

?unit @ C .or O*-sAesists ow o. electrical current

Dissi!ates electrical energ' as *eatO.ten used to alter voltages incircuits#*aracteri9ed b' O*- s $aw: 5 @I4

ot sensitive to .re uenc'(ses a oor conductor

• (er)s

• *+e)ents

• ,iring

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Electrical >er-inolog'

#a!acitor #2

?unit @ / .or /aradsA7tores !otential energ' 526&ected b' voltage and .re uenc'6 !air -etal !lates se!arated b'

non+conductive -aterialE;a-!le: 6ir

Electrical c*arge accu-ulates on!lates

• (er)s

• *+e)ents

• ,iring

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Electrical >er-inolog'

Inductor $2

?unit @ 8 .or 8enriesA7tores and delivers energ' in a-agnetic %eld

Magnetic %elds a&ect t*e current o.

a circuitE&ected b' current and .re uenc'Is a coil o. wire

• (er)s

• *+e)ents

• ,iring

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Electrical >er-inolog'

7eries

7a-e current t*roug*all ele-ents5in @ 56 F 5B F 5#

Parallel

7a-e voltage acrossall branc*es5in @ 5D @ 5E @ 5/ F5G

• (er)s

• *+e)ents

• ,iring

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Materials

esistorsBrown< black< 'ellow @ 100 CBrown< black< green @ 1MC

#a!acitors

10 @ 0H001 /10J @ 10!/

Inductors1-8

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Materials #ont d2

I+E$5I7 IIF

Breadboard

#oa;ial to 6lligator #li! #able

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Procedure + >esting

1H Plug in I E$5I7 II to P# $ab and turn it onH 7elect I E$5I7-; Instru-ent $aunc*er

3H 7elect /GE in t*e Instru-ent $aunc*erKH 7et .unction generator to 100089LH 7et t*e a-!litude to 5!!

H 7et signal route to /GE B #NH 7elect 7co!e in t*e Instru-ent $aunc*er

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Procedure Data 6nal'sis

C+ic run in .oth instru)ents

Ca+cu+ate the -3dB &oint

(est .oth of the circuits and deter)ine their ty&e

/sse).+e the radio

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Procedure + #ircuit 1

#onnect t*e 100kC resistor and H001 /

ca!acitor in series

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Procedure + #ircuit

#onnect 0H001 / ca!acitor to 1 MC resistor

in series

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6ssign-ent: Presentation

6sse-ble t*e circuit below #r'stal adio2

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6ssign-ent: e!ort

Individual e!ort one re!ort !er student2

>itle !ageDiscussion to!ics in t*e -anual

/or all circuitsInclude E;cel tables and Gain vsH/re uenc' gra!*sDeter-ine %lter t'!e$abel eac* gra!* wit* deter-ined %ltert'!e

+

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6ssign-ent: Presentation

>ea- Presentation

Include lab data

Pro.essional+looking tables

Discussion to!ics in t*e -anual

Include !*otos o. circuits and setu!

e.er to #reating PowerPointPresentationsQ .ound in Online Manual

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#losing

>6 will assign w*ic* circuit 'ou start wit*

8ave all original data signed b' 'our >6

6ll tea- -e-bers -ust activel' !artici!atein e;!eri-ent

7ub-it all work electronicall'

eturn all -aterials to 'our >6