Electronic Governance Notes-Dr Riktesh Srivastava

8/17/2019 Electronic Governance Notes-Dr Riktesh Srivastava

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ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCEWHAT IS E-GOVERNANCE?

E-Governance can be defned as use o ICT (Inora!"on Coun"ca!"on

Tec#no$o%"es& !o en#ance !#e 'ua$"! o "nora!"on and serv"ce )rov"ded !o !#ec"!"*en "n a cos! e+ec!"ve anner,

Ano!#er defn"!"on o E-Governance .se o ICT !o )rocess !#e %overnen!

unc!"on"n% and !o br"n% abou!

S SI/0LE

/ /ORAL

AACCO.NTA1LE Governen!

R RES0ONSIVE

T TRANS0ARENT

I! us! be no!ed !#a! !#ere 2 )"$$ars !#a! a3e e-Governen! a Sar! Governen!,

0ROCESS 0EO0LE TECHNOLOG4 RESO.RCES

E-Governen!

I used e+ec!"ve$5 6"$$

")rove !#e %overnen!

S/ART GOVERNANCE

In !#"s )a)er5 6e are concerned 6"!# !#eE+ec!"ve use o Eer%"n% Tec#no$o%"es orSar! Governance,


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1eore5 6e d"% dee) "n!o use o !ec#no$o%"es or Sar! Governance5 6e 6"$$ s!ud

abou! soe bas"cs o e-Governen! and e-Governance,

I! us! be no!ed !#a! based on ar3e! and )eo)$e5 !#ere are our !)es o e-

Governen!,

Sar! Governance "s !#e co$$abora!"on o a$$ !)es o e-Governance "n an E+ec!"ve

and E7c"en! anner5 as de)"c!ed "n !#e o$$o6"n% f%ure

G8C

G81

G8E

1as"c c"!"*enneeds9& On$"ne

Re%"s!ra!"on8& Hea$!# Care:& Educa!"on2& Ta;es

9& E)$oeeInora!"on

8& On$"ne/ana%een!orE)$oees

:& On$"ne!ra"n"n%<

9& ="sse"na!"on o Governen!)o$"c"es5ru$es5re%u$a!"onsand"nora!"on

9& >edera$Governen!su))or!

8& Governen!0$ans

:& Records o Governen!

G8G>edera$ Governen!

G8G

Loca$ Governen!G8G

C"!"*en1us"nes

s


3/24

As en!"oned "n !#e >"%ure above5 !#ere are 2 !)es o "n!erac!"on !#a! !a3es )$ace

"n a Sar! Governance,

G8G G8G

G8C G8G

G8E G8G

G81 G8G

T#e "n"!"a$ )#ase o !#e In!erac!"on 6as S!a!"c5 6#ere"n5 !#e %overnen! crea!ed !#e

6ebs"!e and u)$oaded !#e s!a!"c con!en!s on !#e 6ebs"!e, A$$ !#e s!a3e#o$ders

(C"!"*ens5 1us"nesses and o!#er Governen!s& 6ere on$ v"e6"n% !#e con!en!s5

6"!#ou! an "n!erac!"on, Soe!"es5 !#e con!en!s on !#e 6ebs"!e 6ere no! u)$oaded

or ears5 $ead"n% !o "s$ead"n% "nora!"on o6,

No6 su))ose5 !#e sae cus!oer 6an!s !o %e! !#e "nora!"on !6o %overnen!

de)ar!en!s5 !#e #e %oes !o 8 d"+eren! 6ebs"!es !o %a!#er !#e "nora!"on5 as

en!"oned be$o6

E)$oe

e

Gov!,

6ebs"!e1ro6se

r

=e)!, A1ro6se

r

=e)!, 11ro6se

r


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La!er5 a$os! ever %overnen! de)ar!en!s5 s!ar!ed us"n% =na"c 6a o

In!erac!"ons,

A$!#ou%#5 !#e "nora!"on rece"ved 6as u)da!ed5 !#e co)onen! o "n!erac!"v"! 6as

s!"$$ "ss"n%, T#"s eans !#a! c"!"*ens5 bus"nesses and o!#er %overnen!

de)ar!en!s canno! "n!erac! 6"!# eac# o!#er and s!"$$ de)ends on !rad"!"ona$ odes

o coun"ca!"on,

.n"!ed Na!"ons e-Governen! Surve "n 8@9@5 )ro)osed a ec#an"s o In!erac!"on

o Governen! 6"!# c"!"*ens5 bus"nesses and o!#er %overnen! de)ar!en!s, T#e

ec#an"s 6as naed as e-S!ra!e%"es,

T#e re)or! e$abora!ed !#a! e-S!ra!e% "nc$udes !#ree )ar!s5 as

SS S!a!"c Su))$ based

== =na"c =eand =r"venIIIn!erac!"ve In!e%ra!"on

1eore5 !#e re)or! 6as re$eased5 !#e %overnen!s 6ere a$read "n second s!a%e

(==&, T#e s!ud e$abora!ed !#a! "n order !o successu$$ bu"$d e-Governen! (and

$a!er Sar! Governen!&5 a)ar! ro !ec#no$o%"ca$ "nvo$veen! and c#an%e

ana%een!5 6e need s#"! "n !#e "ndse! o )ub$"c ad"n"s!ra!"on,

We %e! ou!da!ed"nora!"on

=e)!, A

6ebs"!e1ro6se

r

=e)!, 1

6ebs"!e1ro6se

r

We %e! u)da!ed"nora!"on

WebServer

=a!abase Server

WebServer

=a!abase Server

E-


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T#e s#"! ro == !o II (In!erac!"ve and In!e%ra!"on& re'u"res !#e curren! e-

Governen! arc#"!ec!ure !o be c#an%ed !ec#n"ca$$5 as en!"oned be$o6

We can eas"$ observe !#e "nc$us"on o A))$"ca!"on Server "n !#e arc#"!ec!ure5 6#"c#a3es !#e coun"ca!"on "n!erac!"ve, 1u! !#e "nc$us"on re'u"res a aor dr"! "n !#e

co)$e!e e-Governen! arc#"!ec!ure,

T#e os! ")or!an! 'ues!"on !o as3 #ere5 "s #o6 "nc$us"on o A))$"ca!"on Server

"ncreases "n!erac!"v"!?

=e)!, 1

6ebs"!e1ro6se

r

In!erac!"ve "nora!"on

WebServer

=a!abase Server

WebServer

=a!abase Server

=e)!, A

6ebs"!e1ro6se

r

A))$"ca!"on

A))$"ca!"

on


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1as"ca$$5 A))$"ca!"on Server "s used !o %enera!e 1us"ness $o%"c and "n!erac!s 6"!#

=a!abase Server ore e7c"en!$ !o ans6er !#e 'uer"es o C"!"*en5 1us"nesses and

o!#er Governen! =e)ar!en!s,

W"!# !6o 6a "n!erac!"on "n )$ace5 an o !#e s!a3e#o$ders s!ar!ed as3"n% oron$"ne fnanc"a$ !ransac!"ons on$"ne5 6#"c# "s a ore c#a$$en%"n% ob !o be

conduc!ed,

T#e above-en!"oned !)es o e-Governen! deve$o)en! defnes !#e s)ec!ru o

e-Governance and "nora!"on o6,

S!a!"cInora!"on

=na"c

Inora!"on

0rov"de ors

6#"c# a

be )r"n!ed

and a"$ed

Sub"!

Inora!"on

on$"ne

Co)$e!e

>"nanc"a$

!ransac!"on

on$"ne

Serv"ce

!ransora!"o

ns

1ro6ser

In!erac!"v"! 0aen!

WebServer

=a!abase Server

WebServer

=a!abase Server

=e)!, A6ebs"!e

1ro6se

r

A))$"ca!"on

A))$"ca!"on

=e)!, 1

6ebs"!e


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A$!#ou%#5 !#e benef!s o Serv"ce !ransora!"ons $oo3s 'u"!e %ood and "nc$udes

benef!s !o c"!"*ens5 bus"nesses and o!#er %overnen! de)ar!en!s5 "! resu$!s "n

%rea!er co)$e;"! "n e-Governen! arc#"!ec!ure5 as %"ven be$o6

As en!"oned "n !#e %ra)# above5 c"!"*en5 bus"nesses and o!#er %overnen!de)ar!en! %e!s a;"u benef!s5 6#en 6e ac#"eve #"%# !ransac!"on (reerred asa!ure !ransac!"on&, T#"s eans 6e need !o #ave u$!")$e a))$"ca!"ons "n!erac!"ons5

6#"c# needs co)$e; !ec#no$o%"es "n!erac!"on, Suc# an arc#"!ec!ure "s ca$$ed n-!"ere-Governen! arc#"!ec!ure,

Complexity of e-

Government

BenetLo6 H"%#

H"%#

S!ar!u) 9-6a

8-6a"n!erac!"on

Transac!"on(a!ure&


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DDDDDDDD

A$os! ever %overnen! de)ar!en! "ns!a$$ed u$!")$e A))$"ca!"on servers 6"!#$oads o A))$"ca!"ons on !#e Servers, T#ese a))$"ca!"ons 6ere used or d"+eren!)ur)oses5 as on$"ne )aen!s5 bus"ness re%"s!ra!"ons5 and u)-!o-da!e "nora!"onaon%s! o!#ers,

Eac# o !#ese de)ar!en!s o$$o6ed !#e"r o6n s!ruc!ure and o6n se! o a))$"ca!"ons,Ho6ever5 !#ere 6as no "n!e%ra!"on be!6een de)ar!en!s, T#"s eans !#a! !#e

1ro6se

r

/a!ure Transac!"on

WebServer

=a!abase Server

WebServer

=a!abase Server

=e)!, A6ebs"!e1ro6se

r

A))$"ca!"on Server

=e)!, 1

6ebs"!e

A9

A8

A:

A))$"ca!"on Server

A9

A8

A:

A))$"ca!"on Server

A))$"ca!"on Server

A

9

A

8

A

: A9

A8


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c"!"*ens and bus"nesses 6ere ab$e !o !ransac!"on o a )ar!"cu$ar de)ar!en!5 !#e"n!er$"n3"n% o )rocess be!6een !#e 6as s!"$$ "ss"n%, T#e !as3 6as d"7cu$! !oob!a"n5 as b !#e !"e %overnen! unders!ood !#e need !o "n!e%ra!e de)ar!en!s5os! o !#e de)ar!en!s co)$e!e !#e IT deve$o)en! and ")$een!a!"on )#ase,

Soe )eo)$e s!"$$ )ro)osed !#e "n!e%ra!ed arc#"!ec!ure rae6or3 or e-Governen!

ado)!"on !#a! can be #e$)u$ "n "n!e%ra!"on5 so !#e use o !ec#no$o%"es can be used"n u$$ s6"n%,a3area Ibra#" and a#"r Iran" )ro)osed !#e e-Governen! In!e%ra!"onrae6or35 6#"c# "nc$uded our $aers

• Access Laer

• E-Governen! Laer

• E-1us"ness Laer

• Inras!ruc!ure Laer

Eac# o !#ese $aers #ad "!s o6n re'u"reen!s "n !#e e-Governen! In!e%ra!"onrae6or3, T#e co)$e!e arc#"!ec!ure "s %"ven be$o6

One o !#e ear$ ado)!"on o !#e )ro)osed e-Governen! In!e%ra!"on >rae6or3 "s%"ven be$o6


10/24

.serIn!erace

Laer

Ne!6or3Laer

e-Governen!

Laer

e-1us"nessLaer

Issues "n e-Governen!

and e-1us"ness Laer


11/24

T#ou%#5 !#e )ro)osed e-Governen! In!e%ra!"on rae6or3 6as su"!ab$e orde)ar!en!s5 6#o "n"!"a!ed !#e use ICT or e-Governance $a!e, 1u! or !#ede)ar!en!s 6#ose ICT ")$een!a!"on 6as co)$e!ed5 !#e rae6or3 d"d no!added uc# resu$!s, T#e aor "ssues 6as "n E-1us"ness and E-Governen!Laer,

T#us5 !#ere 6as !#e need or In!e%ra!"on >rae6or3 !#a! cou$d #e$) !#ede)ar!en!s "n )os! ")$een!a!"on )#ase, T#e rae6or3 6as !ered as EA(En!er)r"se Arc#"!ec!ure& >rae6or3,

T#e os! ado)!ed EA >rae6or3 or e-Governen! In!e%ra!"on >rae6or3 "s TOGA>-The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF).

T#e core e$een! o TOGA> "s A=/ (Arc#"!ec!ure =eve$o)en! /e!#od&, A=/ "s a 2-s!e) )rocess5 and "nc$udes 9@ c"rc$es,

9& We need !o !a"$or TOGA> !o su"! !#e need o de)ar!en!s T#"s "s one !"eac!"v"! and needs !o be carr"ed beore ado)!"n% TOGA> or a de)ar!en!s,

T#"s )#ase "s ca$$ed 0re$""nar )#ase,8& =efne sco)e o 6or3 and )re)are )$an or ro$$ou! We need !o defne !#e

co)$e!e sco)e o !#e !as3s or "n!e%ra!"on )rocess5 and #o6 !o ana%e !#ero$$ou!,

:& Oversee deve$o)en! and ")$een!a!"on Ho6 !#e overa$$ "n!e%ra!"ons#ou$d !a3e )$ace, W#a! are !#e !ec#no$o%"es used or "n!e%ra!"on, T#"s )#ase"s ca$$ed I)$een!a!"on Governance,

2& /ana%e )os!-")$een!a!"on c#an%e An aor c#an%e 6"$$ !r"%%er o+ ano!#er cc$e o A=/,

I! us! be no!ed !#a! a$$ !#ese )#ases are cob"ned !o%e!#er b Re'u"reen!s/ana%een!,

Architecture Vision +Business Architecture +IS Architecture+Technology Architecture+ Opportunities n! Solutions+ "igrtion

#lnning

E-Governen! Laer

ado)!ed d"+eren!

)ro%ra"n%

$an%ua%es

E-1us"ness Laer

ado)!ed d"+eren! !oo$s


12/24

Ta"$or TOGA>!o su"! our

need

=efne sco)e o 6or3and )re)are )$an or

ro$$ou!

Overseedeve$o)en! and")$een!a!"on

/ana%e )os!-")$een!a!"on

c#an%e


13/24

One o !#e b"%%es! c#a$$en%es "s !#e "n!e%ra!"on )rocess o d"+eren! de)ar!en!s,

DDDDDDDD

As en!"oned ear$"er5 In!e%ra!"on 6as !#e aor "ssue or /a!ure Transac!"on, T#eso$u!"on !#a! cae !o rescue "s ca$$ed $e% Services,

W#a! "s a Web Serv"ce?

1ro6se

r

/a!ure Transac!"on

WebServer

=a!abase Server

WebServer

=a!abase Server

=e)!, A6ebs"!e

1ro6se

r

A))$"ca!"on Server

=e)!, 1

6ebs"!e

A9

A8

A:

A))$"ca!"on Server

A9

A8

A:

A))$"ca!"on Server

A))$"ca!"on Server

A9

A8

A: A

9

A8

In!e%ra

!"on


14/24

Web Serv"ce "s a )"ece o so!6are5 !#a! can be used over "n!erne! orcoun"ca!"on be!6een d"+eren! Servers us"n% F/L essa%"n% Ss!e,

W#a! "s F/L?eF!ens"b$e /ar3u) Lan%ua%e (F/L& "s a ar3u) $an%ua%e !#a! defnes a se! o ru$esor encod"n% docuen!s5 6#"c# can be e;c#an%ed be!6een servers and "s bo!##uan-readab$e and ac#"ne-readab$e,Le! us cons"der !#e sae e;a)$e as en!"oned above or e;)$ana!"on

1u! use o F/L "n !#e Server "n!e%ra!"on 6as ere a so$u!"on, We need a )ro!oco$ (a

se! o )a!!erns 6#"c# "s o un"versa$ s!andard& 6#"c# 6"$$ be o$$o6ed or eas"n!e%ra!"on,

A$!#ou%#5 !#e 6or3 #ad a$read s!ar!ed "n 95 an o7c"a$ s!andard Web Serv"ces0ro!oco$ 6as $aunc#ed "n 8@@:,

&"'&"'

[email protected] list created for XMLprotocol discussions

(December 1999

!"#$ 1.1 gets itsac%nowledged

(Ma& '

XML $rotocol )or%ing*roup +ormed

(!eptember '

)or%s,op on )eb!erices

(#pril '1 /#

)eb !erices #ctiit&*roup +ormed(0anuar& ''

http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/xml-dist-app/http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/xml-dist-app/


15/24

A!er 8@@:5 Web Serv"ces us"n% F/L becoe )o)u$ar5 and !#ree vers"ons 6ere$aunc#ed,

The main advantages of REST web services are:

• Lightweight - not a lot of extra xml markup

• Human Readable Results

• Eas to build - no toolkits re!uired

S"#$ also has some advantages:

• Eas to consume - sometimes

• Rigid - tpe checking% adheres to a contract

• &evelopment tools

Web Serv"ces

us"n% F/L

SOA

(Serv"ce Or"en!ed

Arc#"!ec!ure&

REST

(Re)resen!a!"ona$

S!a!e Transer&

SON

(ava Scr")! Obec!

No!a!"on&

SOA(-

GovernmentInfrstructure

B SO(


16/24

Clou! Computing n! Smrt Government InfrstructureC$oud Co)u!"n% )rov"des !#e serv"ces !#rou%# In!erne!5 6#en !#e serv"ce #os!"n%ss!e "s $oca!ed a! a reo!e $oca!"on,

T#ese serv"ces "n Sar! Governen! con!e;! can be9& Serv"ces )rov"ded !o c"!"*ens (suc# as re%"s!ra!"on card5 V"sa5 o!#ers&

(G8C&8& Serv"ces )rov"ded !o bus"nesses (G81&:& =a!a !ranser be!6een d"+eren! de)ar!en!s (G8Eor de$"ver"n% c"!"*en serv"ces5 Coun"! C$oud "s !#e bes!su"!ed ode$, Coun"! C$oud ode$ "s used b an Governen! !o )rov"deserv"ces !o c"!"*ens5 6#"c# can be used an!"e5 an6#ere and on an dev"ce(es)ec"a$$ /ob"$e A))s&,

T)es o C$oud

Co)u!"n% or

Sar!

Governance

0ub$"c C$oud 0r"va!e C$oud Hbr"d C$oudCoun"!

C$oud


17/24

Suar o C$oud .sa%e or Sar! Governance

C$oudServ"ce /ode$s

0ub$"c C$oud 0r"va!e C$oud Hbr"d C$oud Coun"!C$oud

Non-Sens"!"veC"!"*enRe'u"reen!sG8C

Sens"!"veInora!"onG8GG81G8cG8E

G8GG81G8CG8E

G8C


18/24


19/24

Content )elivery *etor,s C)*.As e-Governen! Inras!ruc!ure s!ar!ed us"n% C$oud Co)u!"n%5 !#e )rob$e o a"n!a"n"n% !#e "nras!ruc!ure5 )$a!or and even so!6are 6as so$ved, Ho6ever5 asC"sco )red"c!ed on /a 85 8@9:5 !#a! ever "nd"v"dua$ 6"$$ be us"n% dev"cesconnec!ed !o In!erne!5 s)eed o da!a !ranser ro reo!e$ $oca!ed =a!a Cen!er6as !#e aor concern, T#e So$u!"on !o !#e above en!"oned )rob$e "s ca$$ed C=N(Con!en! =e$"ver Ne!6or3&,C=N "s a ne!6or3 cons!ruc!ed ro !#e %rou) o JCac#"n% ServersK5 6#"c# ares!ra!e%"ca$$ and %eo%ra)#"ca$$ $oca!ed, C=N "s one o !#e os! e7c"en!ec#an"s5 b 6#"c# da!a ro var"ous de)ar!en!s "n an e-Governen!Inras!ruc!ure 6ou$d be serv"n% a $ar%e nuber o dev"ces,

C=N #e$)s "n Reduc!"on o

C)* Architecture

Con!en! =o6n$oad T"e

Ne!6or3 Tra7c


20/24

("n /"$$"ons& ("n /"$$"ons&

("n /"$$"ons&As !#e nubers o e$ec!ron"c dev"ces are "ncreas"n% ("n b"$$"ons&5 "! becoes verd"7cu$! or !#e 6eb and a))$"ca!"on server !o #and$e a$$ !#e re'ues! as! and #enceC=N arc#"!ec!ure 6as "n!roduced,

C=N S!ruc!ure

C=N "nc$udes Con!en! 0rov"ders (C0& and Cac#"n% Servers (as en!"oned "n !#e>"%ure above&, C0 "nc$udes a$$ !#e con!en!s (usua$$5 !#ese are de)ar!en!6ebs"!es


21/24

Con!en! A%"n% 0rocedure "s de)enden! on !#ree a"n ac!ors9& Nuber o Cac#"n% Servers "n !#e re%"on8& Loca!"on o Cac#"n% Servers:& /eor S"*e o eac# o Cac#"n% Servers

T#e Con!en! A%"n% 0rocedure 6or3s e+ec!"ve$ b de$e!"n% !#e ou!da!ed con!en!s

ro Cac#"n% Servers (6or3s on !#e conce)! o T"e !o L"ve TTLM& and %e!s anu)da!ed con!en! ro C0,

C=N /ar3e! and 0rov"dersIn 8@925 C=N /ar3e! 6as abou! :,9 b"$$"on5 b 8@95 !#e ar3e! "s e;)ec!ed !o%ro6 b 8P,:Q !o 98,9P b"$$"on,


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Electronic Governance Notes-Dr Riktesh Srivastava

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