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ATOMIC STRUCTURECOMBINED SCIENCE 5129
1
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THE PERIODIC TABLEINTERPRETING SYMBOLS
Si28
14
Mass
Number
Proton
Number
Symbol
of the
Element
2
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THE PERIODIC TABLEUSING THE INFORMATION
Si28
14
Mass
Number
Proton
NumberNo. of Protons
No. of Protons
+
No. of Neutrons
No. of Electrons
3
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THE PERIODIC TABLEUSING THE INFORMATION
Si28
14
No. of Protons =
No. of Electrons =
No. of Neutrons =
14
14
28 - 14
14No. of Neutrons =
4
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Si28
14No. of Protons
No. of Protons
+
No. of Neutrons
USE FOR ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREUSING THE INFORMATION FROM PERIODIC TABLE
No. of Electrons
5
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ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREUSING THE INFORMATION FROM PERIODIC TABLE
Si28
14No. of Electrons
14p
14n
Electronic configuration (e.c)
e.c of Si = 2, 8, 4
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ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREUSING THE INFORMATION
Si28
14
14p
14n
e.c of Si = 2, 8, 4
Electronic structure tell us:
Period Number
Group Number
Stability
No. of shells present
No. of electrons in final shell
Full final shell - Stable/Unreactive
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ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREUSING THE INFORMATION
Si28
14
14p
14n
e.c of Si = 2, 8, 4
Electronic structure tell us:
Period Number
Group Number
Stability
34
Not StableFinal (Valence) shellnot fully occupied.
8
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ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREUSING THE INFORMATION
Ar
40
18
18p
22n
e.c of Ar = 2, 8, 8
Period Number
Group Number
Stability
3
8
Stable
p = 18
e = 18
n = 40 - 18 = 22
Final (Valence) shellfully occupied.
9
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ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREUSING THE INFORMATION
K
39
19 e.c of K = 2, 8, 8, 1
Period Number
Group Number
Stability
4
1
Unstable
p = 19
e = 19
n = 39 - 19 = 20
Final (Valence) shellnot fully occupied.
19p
20n
10
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ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREFROM UNSTABLE TO STABLE
K
39
19 e.c of K = 2, 8, 8, 1
19p
20n
K
39
19 e.c of K = 2, 8, 8
++
19p
20n
+
11
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ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREUSING THE INFORMATION
Period Number
Group Number
3
5
UnstableFinal (Valence) shellnot fully occupied.
Stability
P
31
15 e.c of P = 2, 8, 5
p = 15
e = 15
n = 31 - 15 = 16
15p
16n
12
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ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREFROM UNSTABLE TO STABLE
P
31
15 e.c of P = 2, 8, 5
15p
16n
P
31
15 e.c of P = 2, 8, 8
3-3-
15p
16n
-3
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ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREFROM UNSTABLE TO STABLE
Elements from Elements from
Group I
Group IIGroup III
Group VI
Group VII
Elements from
Group IV
Group V
Become
Positive Ions
Become
Negative Ions
Gain electrons
to be stable
Lose electrons
to be stable
IONIC BONDING
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ELECTRONIC STRUCTUREFROM UNSTABLE TO STABLE
Elements from Elements from
Group I
Group IIGroup III
Group VI
Group VII
Elements from
Group IV
Group V
COVALENT BONDING
Share electrons
to be stable
Share electrons
to be stable
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REACTIVITY SERIESCOMBINED SCIENCE 5129
16
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THE REACTIVITY SERIES
PotassiumSodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
MOST REACTIVE
LEAST REACTIVE
REACTIVITY OF METALS, CARBON & HYDROGEN
Platinum
Carbon
17
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THE REACTIVITY SERIES
PotassiumSodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
MOST REACTIVE
LEAST REACTIVE
REACTIVITY OF METALS, CARBON & HYDROGEN
Platinum
Carbon
Form very stablecompounds
Form very unstablecompounds Prefer to exist aspure elements.
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THE REACTIVITY SERIES
PotassiumSodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
MOST REACTIVE
LEAST REACTIVE
REACTIVITY OF METALS, CARBON & HYDROGEN
Platinum
Carbon
Any elementsabove
anotherin
the Reactivity Seriesis capable ofdisplacing it
fromits compound.
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THE REACTIVITY SERIES
PotassiumSodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
MOST REACTIVE
LEAST REACTIVE
REACTIVITY OF METALS, CARBON & HYDROGEN
Platinum
Carbon
Zinc Oxide Carbon
Reactivity Example Exercises
+
Copper Oxide Hydrogen+
Iron Oxide Aluminium+
Copper
SulphateIron+
Silver Nitrate Copper+
Magnesium
Sulphate
Calcium+
Lead Nitrate Iron+
Iron Sulphate Lead+
Calcium Oxide Magnesium+
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THE REACTIVITY SERIESREACTIVITY OF GROUP I METALS
THE ALKALI METALS
Lithium
Sodium
Rubidium
Francium
LEAST REACTIVE
MOST REACTIVE
Potassium
Any elementshigher up
inthe group
is capable ofdisplacing lower
elementsfrom
its compound. Caesium
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THE REACTIVITY SERIESREACTIVITY OF GROUP VII NON-METALS
THE HALOGENS
Fluorine
Chlorine
Iodine
Astatine
MOST REACTIVE
LEAST REACTIVE
Bromine
Any elementshigher up
inthe group
is capable ofdisplacing lower
elements
fromits compound.
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THE REACTIVITY SERIESREACTIVITY OF GROUP VII NON-METALS
Fluorine
Chlorine
Iodine
Astatine
MOST REACTIVE
LEAST REACTIVE
Bromine
ChlorinePotassiumBromide
Reactivity Example Exercises+
AstatinePotassium
Iodide+
BromineCalciumChloride+
FluorineSodiumBromide
+
IodinePotassiumBromide
+
Chlorine SodiumIodide
+
BromineCalciumAstatide
+
IodinePotassiumFluoride
+