Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
ElectronicsControlling Power to Output Transducers
Terry Sturtevant
Wilfrid Laurier University
November 10, 2016
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Basic Rule of Control
Control usually involves three things:1 a fixed power supply2 a load to which we want to control the power3 a control element to which we will send signals to control
the power to the load.These will be arranged in a voltage divider.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Basic Rule of Control
Control usually involves three things:
1 a fixed power supply2 a load to which we want to control the power3 a control element to which we will send signals to control
the power to the load.These will be arranged in a voltage divider.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Basic Rule of Control
Control usually involves three things:1 a fixed power supply
2 a load to which we want to control the power3 a control element to which we will send signals to control
the power to the load.These will be arranged in a voltage divider.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Basic Rule of Control
Control usually involves three things:1 a fixed power supply2 a load to which we want to control the power
3 a control element to which we will send signals to controlthe power to the load.
These will be arranged in a voltage divider.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Basic Rule of Control
Control usually involves three things:1 a fixed power supply2 a load to which we want to control the power3 a control element to which we will send signals to control
the power to the load.
These will be arranged in a voltage divider.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Basic Rule of Control
Control usually involves three things:1 a fixed power supply2 a load to which we want to control the power3 a control element to which we will send signals to control
the power to the load.These will be arranged in a voltage divider.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Vsupply Vsupply
controlsignal
controlsignal
load
load
C.E.
C.E.
“C.E.” is the control element.“Load” could be a motor, solenoid, relay coil, etc.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Vsupply Vsupply
controlsignal
controlsignal
load
load
C.E.
C.E.
“C.E.” is the control element.
“Load” could be a motor, solenoid, relay coil, etc.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Vsupply Vsupply
controlsignal
controlsignal
load
load
C.E.
C.E.
“C.E.” is the control element.“Load” could be a motor, solenoid, relay coil, etc.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Produce “information”Produce “action”
Low power devices
These devices require low power. Low power is typically . 1W .meteroscilloscope
These devices produce information.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Produce “information”Produce “action”
Low power devices
These devices require low power.
Low power is typically . 1W .meteroscilloscope
These devices produce information.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Produce “information”Produce “action”
Low power devices
These devices require low power. Low power is typically . 1W .
meteroscilloscope
These devices produce information.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Produce “information”Produce “action”
Low power devices
These devices require low power. Low power is typically . 1W .meter
oscilloscopeThese devices produce information.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Produce “information”Produce “action”
Low power devices
These devices require low power. Low power is typically . 1W .meteroscilloscope
These devices produce information.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Produce “information”Produce “action”
Low power devices
These devices require low power. Low power is typically . 1W .meteroscilloscope
These devices produce information.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Produce “information”Produce “action”
High power devices
These devices require high power. High power is typically & 1W .lightssolenoids
These devices produce action.An operational amplifier is a voltage device; it can’t produce morethan a few mW of power.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Produce “information”Produce “action”
High power devices
These devices require high power.
High power is typically & 1W .lightssolenoids
These devices produce action.An operational amplifier is a voltage device; it can’t produce morethan a few mW of power.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Produce “information”Produce “action”
High power devices
These devices require high power. High power is typically & 1W .
lightssolenoids
These devices produce action.An operational amplifier is a voltage device; it can’t produce morethan a few mW of power.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Produce “information”Produce “action”
High power devices
These devices require high power. High power is typically & 1W .lights
solenoidsThese devices produce action.An operational amplifier is a voltage device; it can’t produce morethan a few mW of power.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Produce “information”Produce “action”
High power devices
These devices require high power. High power is typically & 1W .lightssolenoids
These devices produce action.An operational amplifier is a voltage device; it can’t produce morethan a few mW of power.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Produce “information”Produce “action”
High power devices
These devices require high power. High power is typically & 1W .lightssolenoids
These devices produce action.
An operational amplifier is a voltage device; it can’t produce morethan a few mW of power.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Produce “information”Produce “action”
High power devices
These devices require high power. High power is typically & 1W .lightssolenoids
These devices produce action.An operational amplifier is a voltage device; it can’t produce morethan a few mW of power.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Types of control
on/offlike a switchproportionallike a rheostat or potentiometer
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Types of control
on/off
like a switchproportionallike a rheostat or potentiometer
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Types of control
on/offlike a switch
proportionallike a rheostat or potentiometer
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Types of control
on/offlike a switchproportional
like a rheostat or potentiometer
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Types of control
on/offlike a switchproportionallike a rheostat or potentiometer
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Control trade-offs
There are trade-offs involved in choosing a type of control.efficiencyon/off is 100% efficientproportional is less efficientnoiseon/off produces more noiseproportional produces less noise
There is a trade-off between efficiency and noise.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Control trade-offs
There are trade-offs involved in choosing a type of control.
efficiencyon/off is 100% efficientproportional is less efficientnoiseon/off produces more noiseproportional produces less noise
There is a trade-off between efficiency and noise.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Control trade-offs
There are trade-offs involved in choosing a type of control.efficiency
on/off is 100% efficientproportional is less efficientnoiseon/off produces more noiseproportional produces less noise
There is a trade-off between efficiency and noise.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Control trade-offs
There are trade-offs involved in choosing a type of control.efficiencyon/off is 100% efficient
proportional is less efficientnoiseon/off produces more noiseproportional produces less noise
There is a trade-off between efficiency and noise.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Control trade-offs
There are trade-offs involved in choosing a type of control.efficiencyon/off is 100% efficientproportional is less efficient
noiseon/off produces more noiseproportional produces less noise
There is a trade-off between efficiency and noise.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Control trade-offs
There are trade-offs involved in choosing a type of control.efficiencyon/off is 100% efficientproportional is less efficientnoise
on/off produces more noiseproportional produces less noise
There is a trade-off between efficiency and noise.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Control trade-offs
There are trade-offs involved in choosing a type of control.efficiencyon/off is 100% efficientproportional is less efficientnoiseon/off produces more noise
proportional produces less noiseThere is a trade-off between efficiency and noise.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Control trade-offs
There are trade-offs involved in choosing a type of control.efficiencyon/off is 100% efficientproportional is less efficientnoiseon/off produces more noiseproportional produces less noise
There is a trade-off between efficiency and noise.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Control trade-offs
There are trade-offs involved in choosing a type of control.efficiencyon/off is 100% efficientproportional is less efficientnoiseon/off produces more noiseproportional produces less noise
There is a trade-off between efficiency and noise.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
As previously noted, any device used for control is basicallyused in a voltage divider using
the supply voltage,the control device,and the load.
The order of the control element and the load in the voltagedivider has some effects on the circuit operation.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
As previously noted, any device used for control is basicallyused in a voltage divider using
the supply voltage,
the control device,and the load.
The order of the control element and the load in the voltagedivider has some effects on the circuit operation.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
As previously noted, any device used for control is basicallyused in a voltage divider using
the supply voltage,the control device,
and the load.The order of the control element and the load in the voltagedivider has some effects on the circuit operation.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
As previously noted, any device used for control is basicallyused in a voltage divider using
the supply voltage,the control device,and the load.
The order of the control element and the load in the voltagedivider has some effects on the circuit operation.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
As previously noted, any device used for control is basicallyused in a voltage divider using
the supply voltage,the control device,and the load.
The order of the control element and the load in the voltagedivider has some effects on the circuit operation.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Relay
A relay is based on a solenoid, and has four types of pins:coilcommonNO; normally open (possibly)NC; normally closed (possibly)
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Relay
A relay is based on a solenoid, and has four types of pins:
coilcommonNO; normally open (possibly)NC; normally closed (possibly)
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Relay
A relay is based on a solenoid, and has four types of pins:coil
commonNO; normally open (possibly)NC; normally closed (possibly)
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Relay
A relay is based on a solenoid, and has four types of pins:coilcommon
NO; normally open (possibly)NC; normally closed (possibly)
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Relay
A relay is based on a solenoid, and has four types of pins:coilcommonNO; normally open (possibly)
NC; normally closed (possibly)
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Relay
A relay is based on a solenoid, and has four types of pins:coilcommonNO; normally open (possibly)NC; normally closed (possibly)
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Relay OFF
NO
commonNC
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Relay ON
NO
commonNC
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
An internal spring returns the solenoid to its original position whenpower is removed from the coil.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Since a relay is inductive, all of the precautions for an inductivedevice must be taken.
Vin
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Since a relay is inductive, all of the precautions for an inductivedevice must be taken.
Vin
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
The relay can be inserted on either side of the load in a voltagedivider.
Vout
VsupplyVin
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
The relay can be inserted on either side of the load in a voltagedivider.
Vout
VsupplyVin
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
The relay can be inserted on either side of the load in a voltagedivider.
Vout
Vsupply
Vin
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Transistors
There are several types of transistor; each is a three terminaldevice.The most common types of transistors are BJTs and FETs.Transistors are often used in voltage dividers to act as variableresistors.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Transistors
There are several types of transistor; each is a three terminaldevice.
The most common types of transistors are BJTs and FETs.Transistors are often used in voltage dividers to act as variableresistors.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Transistors
There are several types of transistor; each is a three terminaldevice.The most common types of transistors are BJTs and FETs.
Transistors are often used in voltage dividers to act as variableresistors.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Transistors
There are several types of transistor; each is a three terminaldevice.The most common types of transistors are BJTs and FETs.Transistors are often used in voltage dividers to act as variableresistors.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
A MOSFET (or Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field EffectTransistor) is a three terminal device.
drainsourcegate
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
A MOSFET (or Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field EffectTransistor) is a three terminal device.
drainsourcegate
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
A MOSFET (or Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field EffectTransistor) is a three terminal device.
drain
sourcegate
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
A MOSFET (or Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field EffectTransistor) is a three terminal device.
drainsource
gate
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
A MOSFET (or Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field EffectTransistor) is a three terminal device.
drainsourcegate
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
FET symbol
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
FET symbol
drain
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
FET symbol
drain
source
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
FET symbol
drain
sourcegate
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
FET operation
FETS are voltage amplifiers; a small gate voltage controls amuch larger drain/source current.
Actually it’s the voltage between the gate and the source whichmatters.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
FET operation
FETS are voltage amplifiers; a small gate voltage controls amuch larger drain/source current.
Actually it’s the voltage between the gate and the source whichmatters.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
D and E MOSFETs
There are two kinds of MOSFETenhancement mode (E type)When Vgs is below Vth, ID = 0As Vgs increases above Vth,ID increases.depletion mode (D type)To get ID to zero, a negative Vgsoff must be applied.
Actually, all MOSFETs operate in enhancement mode. It’s justthat some only operate in that mode. Which kind you wantdepends on whether or not you want some current to flow with noapplied gate-source voltage.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
D and E MOSFETs
There are two kinds of MOSFET
enhancement mode (E type)When Vgs is below Vth, ID = 0As Vgs increases above Vth,ID increases.depletion mode (D type)To get ID to zero, a negative Vgsoff must be applied.
Actually, all MOSFETs operate in enhancement mode. It’s justthat some only operate in that mode. Which kind you wantdepends on whether or not you want some current to flow with noapplied gate-source voltage.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
D and E MOSFETs
There are two kinds of MOSFETenhancement mode (E type)
When Vgs is below Vth, ID = 0As Vgs increases above Vth,ID increases.depletion mode (D type)To get ID to zero, a negative Vgsoff must be applied.
Actually, all MOSFETs operate in enhancement mode. It’s justthat some only operate in that mode. Which kind you wantdepends on whether or not you want some current to flow with noapplied gate-source voltage.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
D and E MOSFETs
There are two kinds of MOSFETenhancement mode (E type)When Vgs is below Vth, ID = 0
As Vgs increases above Vth,ID increases.depletion mode (D type)To get ID to zero, a negative Vgsoff must be applied.
Actually, all MOSFETs operate in enhancement mode. It’s justthat some only operate in that mode. Which kind you wantdepends on whether or not you want some current to flow with noapplied gate-source voltage.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
D and E MOSFETs
There are two kinds of MOSFETenhancement mode (E type)When Vgs is below Vth, ID = 0As Vgs increases above Vth,
ID increases.depletion mode (D type)To get ID to zero, a negative Vgsoff must be applied.
Actually, all MOSFETs operate in enhancement mode. It’s justthat some only operate in that mode. Which kind you wantdepends on whether or not you want some current to flow with noapplied gate-source voltage.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
D and E MOSFETs
There are two kinds of MOSFETenhancement mode (E type)When Vgs is below Vth, ID = 0As Vgs increases above Vth,ID increases.
depletion mode (D type)To get ID to zero, a negative Vgsoff must be applied.
Actually, all MOSFETs operate in enhancement mode. It’s justthat some only operate in that mode. Which kind you wantdepends on whether or not you want some current to flow with noapplied gate-source voltage.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
D and E MOSFETs
There are two kinds of MOSFETenhancement mode (E type)When Vgs is below Vth, ID = 0As Vgs increases above Vth,ID increases.depletion mode (D type)
To get ID to zero, a negative Vgsoff must be applied.Actually, all MOSFETs operate in enhancement mode. It’s justthat some only operate in that mode. Which kind you wantdepends on whether or not you want some current to flow with noapplied gate-source voltage.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
D and E MOSFETs
There are two kinds of MOSFETenhancement mode (E type)When Vgs is below Vth, ID = 0As Vgs increases above Vth,ID increases.depletion mode (D type)To get ID to zero, a negative Vgsoff must be applied.
Actually, all MOSFETs operate in enhancement mode. It’s justthat some only operate in that mode. Which kind you wantdepends on whether or not you want some current to flow with noapplied gate-source voltage.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
D and E MOSFETs
There are two kinds of MOSFETenhancement mode (E type)When Vgs is below Vth, ID = 0As Vgs increases above Vth,ID increases.depletion mode (D type)To get ID to zero, a negative Vgsoff must be applied.
Actually, all MOSFETs operate in enhancement mode. It’s justthat some only operate in that mode.
Which kind you wantdepends on whether or not you want some current to flow with noapplied gate-source voltage.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
D and E MOSFETs
There are two kinds of MOSFETenhancement mode (E type)When Vgs is below Vth, ID = 0As Vgs increases above Vth,ID increases.depletion mode (D type)To get ID to zero, a negative Vgsoff must be applied.
Actually, all MOSFETs operate in enhancement mode. It’s justthat some only operate in that mode. Which kind you wantdepends on whether or not you want some current to flow with noapplied gate-source voltage.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
D (depletion mode) MOSFET
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
D (depletion mode) MOSFET output
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
E (enhancement mode) MOSFET
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
E (enhancement mode) MOSFET output
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
E (enhancement mode) MOSFET output zoomed in
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Vsupply
Vo
I ≈ 0 if Vgs . Vth
Vgs
E (enhancement mode) FET
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Vsupply
Vo = VDS
Vgs
E (enhancement mode) FET
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Vsupply
Vo ≈ Vsupply if Vgs < Vth
Vgs = 0gate
E (enhancement mode) FET
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Vsupply
Vo = VDS < Vsupply if Vgs & Vth
Vgs & Vthgate
E (enhancement mode) FET
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Vsupply
Vo = VDS → 0 if Vgs >> Vth
Vgs >> Vthgate
E (enhancement mode) FET
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
FETS are voltage amplifiers; a small gate-source voltagecontrols a much larger drain/source current.
You do not use a gate resistor with an FET!All FETs work in enhancement mode; some also work indepletion mode.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
FETS are voltage amplifiers; a small gate-source voltagecontrols a much larger drain/source current.You do not use a gate resistor with an FET!
All FETs work in enhancement mode; some also work indepletion mode.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
FETS are voltage amplifiers; a small gate-source voltagecontrols a much larger drain/source current.You do not use a gate resistor with an FET!All FETs work in enhancement mode; some also work indepletion mode.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Vsupply
Vo = VDS > 0 if Vgs = 0
Vgs = 0gate
D (depletion mode) FET
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Vsupply
Vo
I ≈ 0 if Vgs . Vgsoff < 0
Vgs has to be negative to turn off.Xy
Vgs
D (depletion mode) FET
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Vsupply
Vo = VDS < Vsupply if Vgs & 0
Vgs & 0gate
D (depletion mode) FET
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Vsupply
Vo = VDS → 0 if Vgs >> 0
Vgs >> 0gate
D (depletion mode) FET
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
The MOSFET, like the relay, can be placed in either position of avoltage divider.
The effects are the same as for the relay.
Vout
Vsupply
Vin
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
The MOSFET, like the relay, can be placed in either position of avoltage divider. The effects are the same as for the relay.
Vout
Vsupply
Vin
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
The MOSFET, like the relay, can be placed in either position of avoltage divider. The effects are the same as for the relay.
Vout
Vsupply
Vin
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
The MOSFET, like the relay, can be placed in either position of avoltage divider. The effects are the same as for the relay.
Vout
Vsupply
Vin
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Bipolar Junction Transistors
A BJT (or Bipolar Junction Transistor) is a three terminal currentdevice.The terminals are
collectoremitterbase
The current from the collector to the emitter is controlled by thecurrent into the base.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Bipolar Junction Transistors
A BJT (or Bipolar Junction Transistor) is a three terminal currentdevice.
The terminals arecollectoremitterbase
The current from the collector to the emitter is controlled by thecurrent into the base.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Bipolar Junction Transistors
A BJT (or Bipolar Junction Transistor) is a three terminal currentdevice.The terminals are
collectoremitterbase
The current from the collector to the emitter is controlled by thecurrent into the base.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Bipolar Junction Transistors
A BJT (or Bipolar Junction Transistor) is a three terminal currentdevice.The terminals are
collector
emitterbase
The current from the collector to the emitter is controlled by thecurrent into the base.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Bipolar Junction Transistors
A BJT (or Bipolar Junction Transistor) is a three terminal currentdevice.The terminals are
collectoremitter
baseThe current from the collector to the emitter is controlled by thecurrent into the base.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Bipolar Junction Transistors
A BJT (or Bipolar Junction Transistor) is a three terminal currentdevice.The terminals are
collectoremitterbase
The current from the collector to the emitter is controlled by thecurrent into the base.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Bipolar Junction Transistors
A BJT (or Bipolar Junction Transistor) is a three terminal currentdevice.The terminals are
collectoremitterbase
The current from the collector to the emitter is controlled by thecurrent into the base.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
collector
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
collector
emitter
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
collector
emitterbase
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
BJT operation
BJTS are current amplifiers; a small base current controls amuch larger collector/emitter current.You should always have a base resistor with a BJT!
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
BJT operation
BJTS are current amplifiers;
a small base current controls amuch larger collector/emitter current.You should always have a base resistor with a BJT!
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
BJT operation
BJTS are current amplifiers; a small base current controls amuch larger collector/emitter current.
You should always have a base resistor with a BJT!
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
BJT operation
BJTS are current amplifiers; a small base current controls amuch larger collector/emitter current.You should always have a base resistor with a BJT!
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Vs
Ic ≈ 0 if Vi . 0.7
Vo ≈ Vs if Vi . 0.7Vi . 0.7
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Vs
Ic ≈ 0 if Vi . 0.7
Vo ≈ Vs if Vi . 0.7Vi . 0.7
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Vs
Ic ∝ Ib if Vi > 0.7
Vo = Vs − IcR if Vi > 0.7Vi > 0.7
≈ 0.7
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Like the previous devices, either position in a voltage divider canbe used.
Vout
Vsupply
Vin
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Like the previous devices, either position in a voltage divider canbe used.
Vout
Vsupply
Vin
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Like the previous devices, either position in a voltage divider canbe used.
Vout
Vsupply
Vin
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Like the previous devices, either position in a voltage divider canbe used.
Vout
Vsupply
Vin
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
TRIAC
A TRIAC is a three terminal ac voltage device. The terminals aremain terminal 1main terminal 2gate
A triac will begin to conduct when it receives a voltage pulse onthe gate. It will continue to conduct until the current is zero.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
TRIAC
A TRIAC is a three terminal ac voltage device.
The terminals aremain terminal 1main terminal 2gate
A triac will begin to conduct when it receives a voltage pulse onthe gate. It will continue to conduct until the current is zero.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
TRIAC
A TRIAC is a three terminal ac voltage device. The terminals are
main terminal 1main terminal 2gate
A triac will begin to conduct when it receives a voltage pulse onthe gate. It will continue to conduct until the current is zero.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
TRIAC
A TRIAC is a three terminal ac voltage device. The terminals aremain terminal 1
main terminal 2gate
A triac will begin to conduct when it receives a voltage pulse onthe gate. It will continue to conduct until the current is zero.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
TRIAC
A TRIAC is a three terminal ac voltage device. The terminals aremain terminal 1main terminal 2
gateA triac will begin to conduct when it receives a voltage pulse onthe gate. It will continue to conduct until the current is zero.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
TRIAC
A TRIAC is a three terminal ac voltage device. The terminals aremain terminal 1main terminal 2gate
A triac will begin to conduct when it receives a voltage pulse onthe gate. It will continue to conduct until the current is zero.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
TRIAC
A TRIAC is a three terminal ac voltage device. The terminals aremain terminal 1main terminal 2gate
A triac will begin to conduct when it receives a voltage pulse onthe gate.
It will continue to conduct until the current is zero.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
TRIAC
A TRIAC is a three terminal ac voltage device. The terminals aremain terminal 1main terminal 2gate
A triac will begin to conduct when it receives a voltage pulse onthe gate. It will continue to conduct until the current is zero.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
gate
MT1
MT2
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
It can operate in two modes.
burstdelayed trigger
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
It can operate in two modes.burst
delayed trigger
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
It can operate in two modes.burstdelayed trigger
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
In burst mode, trigger pulses are only given at the beginning ofhalf-cycles.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
In burst mode, trigger pulses are only given at the beginning ofhalf-cycles.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
This is a typical circuit to control a triac in burst mode.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
This is a typical circuit to control a triac in burst mode.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
In delayed trigger mode, trigger pulses are delayed after thebeginning of half-cycles to produce power for only a part of eachhalf cycle.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
In delayed trigger mode, trigger pulses are delayed after thebeginning of half-cycles to produce power for only a part of eachhalf cycle.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
This is a typical circuit to control a triac in delayed trigger mode.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
RelayTransistorsMOSFETBJTTRIAC
This is a typical circuit to control a triac in delayed trigger mode.
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Using TTL gates for control
Using TTL gates for control
“Extra” current from TTLsink instead of source0.4mA vs. 8 mA (LS)
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Using TTL gates for control
Using TTL gates for control
“Extra” current from TTL
sink instead of source0.4mA vs. 8 mA (LS)
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Using TTL gates for control
Using TTL gates for control
“Extra” current from TTLsink instead of source
0.4mA vs. 8 mA (LS)
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Using TTL gates for control
Using TTL gates for control
“Extra” current from TTLsink instead of source0.4mA vs. 8 mA (LS)
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Using TTL gates for control
Current sourcing
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Using TTL gates for control
Current sourcing
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Using TTL gates for control
Current sourcing
IOH ≤ 0.4mA
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Using TTL gates for control
Current sinking
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Using TTL gates for control
Current sinking
VCC
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Using TTL gates for control
Current sinking
VCC
IOL ≤ 8.0mA
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers
Basic Rule of ControlTypes of output transducers
Types of controlDevices for control
Other considerations
Using TTL gates for control
Using a TTL gate to sink instead of source allows 20x the current!
Terry Sturtevant Electronics Controlling Power to Output Transducers