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Elements and CompoundsElements and Compounds
Learning TargetLearning Target
Today we will classify matter as Today we will classify matter as ElementsElementsCompoundsCompoundsOr mixturesOr mixtures
Bellwork:Bellwork:
List 5 ways your friends can distinguish you List 5 ways your friends can distinguish you in a crowd (physical properties)in a crowd (physical properties)
ElementsElements
A pure substanceA pure substanceCan not be separated into simpler Can not be separated into simpler
substances by physical or chemical substances by physical or chemical meansmeans
ElementsElements
92 naturally occurring elements92 naturally occurring elementsCopperCopperOxygenOxygen
Several man made elementsSeveral man made elementsEinstieniumEinstieniumCaliforniumCalifornium
Elements are not naturally Elements are not naturally abundantabundant
Hydrogen makes up 75% of the mass of Hydrogen makes up 75% of the mass of the universethe universe
Elements are not naturally Elements are not naturally abundantabundant
Silicon and Oxygen together make up 75% Silicon and Oxygen together make up 75% of the mass of the Earth’s crustof the mass of the Earth’s crust
Elements are not naturally Elements are not naturally abundantabundant
Oxygen, Carbon, and Hydrogen make up Oxygen, Carbon, and Hydrogen make up 90% of the mass of a human body90% of the mass of a human body
Periodic TablePeriodic Table
Organizes elements into a grid:Organizes elements into a grid:Periods (horizontal rows)Periods (horizontal rows)Families or Groups (vertical columns)Families or Groups (vertical columns)
Elements in the same group have similar Elements in the same group have similar properties.properties.
AtomsAtoms
Atom – The smallest Atom – The smallest unit of an element unit of an element that maintains the that maintains the properties of that properties of that elementelement
CompoundCompound
A substance made from two or more A substance made from two or more elements that are chemically bondedelements that are chemically bonded
Compounds consist of molecules
CompoundsCompounds
There are over 1 million known chemical There are over 1 million known chemical compoundscompoundsSome naturally occurringSome naturally occurringSome synthetic (man made)Some synthetic (man made)More discovered or synthesized each year!More discovered or synthesized each year!
MoleculesMolecules
Molecules are the smallest particles a Molecules are the smallest particles a compound can be divided into without compound can be divided into without
changing it’s chemical properties. changing it’s chemical properties.
(without changing what it is)(without changing what it is)
Chemical AlphabetChemical Alphabet
Give me a word…Give me a word…A word is made of lettersA word is made of lettersLetters can not be broken into anything Letters can not be broken into anything
smaller that have meaning.smaller that have meaning.
Think of atoms as lettersThink of atoms as letters
Think of molecules as words.Think of molecules as words.
Atoms are the pieces that make up molecules.Atoms are the pieces that make up molecules.
Each atom has it’s own symbolEach atom has it’s own symbol
Chemical AlphabetChemical Alphabet
A molecule is made of atomsA molecule is made of atoms
Each atom has it’s own symbolEach atom has it’s own symbol
Atoms can not be broken into anything Atoms can not be broken into anything smaller that have meaning.smaller that have meaning.
H = HydrogenH = HydrogenO = OxygenO = Oxygen
2 H atom + O atom combine2 H atom + O atom combine
1 water molecule1 water molecule
HH22OO
C = CarbonC = CarbonO = OxygenO = Oxygen
1 C atom + 2 O atoms combine1 C atom + 2 O atoms combine
1 Carbon Dioxide molecule1 Carbon Dioxide molecule
COCO22
Element or Compound?Element or Compound?
Gold (Au)Gold (Au)
Sugar (CSugar (C66HH1212OO66))
Nitrogen (NNitrogen (N22))
Sand (Si-OSand (Si-O22)) Silicone DioxideSilicone Dioxide
Table Salt (Na-Cl)Table Salt (Na-Cl) Sodium ChlorideSodium Chloride
Iron (Fe)Iron (Fe)
Oxygen (OOxygen (O22))
Rust (FeRust (Fe22OO3)3)
Iron OxideIron Oxide
Copper (Cu)Copper (Cu)
Chlorine (ClChlorine (Cl22))
Pure SubstancesPure Substances
Elements and compounds are Pure Elements and compounds are Pure SubstancesSubstances..
Pure substances have fixed composition Pure substances have fixed composition and definite propertiesand definite properties. .
Ex: Water Ex: Water
Ex: Table SaltEx: Table Salt
Pure SubstancesPure Substances
NaCl NaCl Na + Cl… Na + Cl…prettypretty harmlessharmless
Sodium metal explodes in water! Gas masks to protect from poisonous Chlorine gas
The Point….The Point….
A compound has very different A compound has very different properties from the elements it is properties from the elements it is
made ofmade of
Both are pure substances!Both are pure substances!