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Elements of Art
Elements of Art
Line• An element of art that is used to define space,
contours, and outlines, or suggest mass and volume. It may be a continuous mark made on surface with a pointed tool or implied by edges of shapes and forms.
Examples of line
Shape• An element
of art. An enclosed space defined by other art elements such as line, color and texture.
Form
• An element of design that appears three-dimensional and encloses volume such as a cube, sphere, pyramid, or cylinder.
Texture
• The surface quality of an artwork usually perceived through touch
Space
• An element of art that indicates areas between, around, above, below or within something.
Perspective
• The representation of three-dimensional objects on a flat surface to produce the same impression of distance and relative size as that received by the human eye.
• Aerial perspective: The diminishing of color intensity to lighter and duller hues to give the illusion of distance.
• Two point linear perspective: A technique of creating an illusion of depth on a flat surface.
– All parallel lines receding into the distance are
drawn to converge at one or more vanishing points on the horizon line.
– In ONE POINT linear perspective receding line converge to one vanishing point.
– In TWO POINT linear perspective lines go to te3o vanishing points
One point perspective
Two point perspective
• Value: An element of art concerned with the degree of lightness of colors. Darker colors are lower in value.
• Tint: A lighter value of a hue made by adding small amount of another color to it.
• Shade: Variations in the dark and light of color by adding black to the color.
Color Theory • Color: An art element with three principles : hue, value, and intensity.
Primary colors: The three basic colors red, yellow and blue, form which it is possible to mix all other colors.
Secondary colors: Colors that result from a mixture of two primary colors.
Intermediate colors: Colors produced by mixing a primary color and the adjacent secondary color on the color wheel.
Primary colors
Secondary colors
Intermediate colors
• Intensity: The degree of purity, saturation or strength of color.
Color Schemes• Triadic: Any three colors equidistant on the
color wheel
• Complementary: Two colors that are directly across from each other on the color wheel.
• Analogous: Colors that are next to each other on the color wheel.
Triadic
Principles of Design
• Repetition: A way of combining art elements so that the same elements are used over and over to achieve balance and harmony.
• Pattern: The repetition of elements or combinations of elements in a recognizable organization.
• Rhythm: A principle of design that refers to ways of combining elements to produce the appearance of movement in an artwork .
Movement
Associated with rhythm referring to the arrangement of parts in an art work to create
a sense of motion to the viewers eye.
• Contrast: A principle of design that refers to difference s between elements such as color, texture, value, and shape.
• Proportion: The size relationship between parts of an artwork
Balance
• A principle of design referring to the visual elements to create stability in an artwork. There are four types of balance:
• Symmetrical: A balance arrangement in which parts of a composition are organized so that one side duplicates or mirrors the other.
• Symmetrical: A balance arrangement in which parts of a composition are organized so that one side duplicates or mirrors the other.
• Asymmetrical: A feeling of balance attained when the visual units on either side of a vertical axis are actually different but are placed in the composition to create a “felt” balance of the total work.
• Radial symmetry: A balance arrangement that results from the repetitive placement of elements radiating out from central point.
• Emphasis: A principle of design in which one element or a combination of elements create more attention than anything else in a composition.
• Focal point: The area within a composition which the emphasis is greatest and where the eye of the viewer continually comes to rest.
Focal Point????
• Variety: A principle of design concerned with the inclusion of differences in the elements of a composition to offset unity and add interest to an artwork.
• Unity: A principle of design related to the sense of wholeness that results from the successful combination of the component elements in an artwork.
Media
• Medium: The materials such as oil, watercolor etc. , used to create an artwork or category of art such as drawing, painting, or sculpture.
• Media…plural for medium, more than one.
Two dimensional art media
• Painting: artwork made of colored powders mixed with a liquid. Some media include; watercolor, tempera, oil, acrylic and fresco.
• Watercolor: transparent water-based paint that uses gum Arabic as a binder.
• Tempera: A technique of painting in which water-based paint is mixed or tempered with egg yolk.
• Oil painting: Slow drying paint made when pigments are mixed with an oil; usually opaque and used on canvas.
• Acrylic paint: A synthetic paint medium in which pigments are mixed with acrylic , a plastic emulsion that acts as a vehicle and a binder.
• Fabric: a material produced by interlocking horizontal and vertical threads.
• Yarn: A material produced by twisting fibers of animal, plant, or synthetic sources, used to make fiber art.
• Ink: A two-dimensional medium of pigment mixed with water and chemicals to be used for drawing.
• Pastel: pigments pressed into sticks and used as a dry medium on paper. Sometimes referred to as hard or soft chalk pastels.
• Oil pastels: a media similar to chalk pastels but with more brilliant color and an oil base that makes it stick to the surface.
• Chalk: pigments mixed with gum and pressed into a stick form and used as crayons.
• Fiber art: A type of art using fibers, yarn and fabric as the medium tom create tactile forms and images through surface design, weaving, and construction techniques.
• Photography: the art, craft, and science of capturing optical images on light-sensitive surfaces.
• WWII famous kiss Dorothea Lange: Migrant Mother
Computer generated art
• Any visual expression created with a computer.
Three dimensional art media• Clay: earth mixed with water so that it can be
shaped and fired (in a kiln) to create permanent artwork.
• Wood: A natural material used to make sculpture using the subtractive process , although some wood sculptures can be constructed by adding precut pieces of wood.
• Glass: An art medium made of silicone and other trace elements that can be formed when hot or used in mosaics and stained glass windows when cool.
Mosaic
• Metal: three-dimensional media used to make sculpture e.g.; bronze, copper, steel, tin, aluminum.
• Stone: A natural material used to make sculpture such as limestone, marble, soapstone, jade, etc. Used in subtractive process.
• Plaster: Usually refers to plaster of Paris or gesso. Plaster is a mixture of gypsum and water, which hardens to a smooth solid medium for sculpture; plaster can be cast, carved, or attached to something else.
Art Processes
• Drawing: A two-dimensional artwork containing marks made with a dry medium such as pencil or crayon.
• Painting: A two-dimensional art process made with wet media such as tempera, oil or watercolor.
Two dimensional
• Fiber art: a type of art using fibers, yarn, and fabric as the medium to create tactile forms and images through surface design, weaving, and construction techniques.
• Examples of fiber art: fabric printing, stamping, batik( a method of dyeing cloth by using wax), tie-dye.
• Printmaking: a two-dimensional art process of reproducing image on a flat surface; three types are: relief(linoleum, wood), intaglio (etching, engraving) and stencil (silkscreen).
• Photography
Three-dimensional• Textiles: artworks
that are created from natural or man made fibers. Weaving, basketry, stitchery, and knitting are just a few of the processes involved in textile design.
• Fiber art can be three dimensional as well
• Ceramics: the process of creating functional and nonfunctional art forms out of clay.
• Sculpture: an art process of modeling, carving, or joining materials into a three dimensional form.
• Architecture: three-dimensional art form that encompasses designing/planning buildings, cities, landscapes, and bridges.
Subject Matter
• Subject matter: iconography or what the artwork is about, such as portrait, landscape, still life, nonobjective.
• Representational artwork: artworks who primary purpose is to depict the visual appearance.
• Examples: landscapes, portrait, still life
• Nonrepresentational: (nonobjective) artwork that contains no recognizable objects or forms but sometimes uses the elements of art as subject matter.
• Examples: abstract, nonobjective
