IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
ELI-NP
Extreme Landscape of Subatomic
Physics with High Power Lasers
and Gamma beams
①
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
In the 20th century
Fundamental Research has been carried
out and dominated by the Particle-based
Paradigm:
namely accelerator for Massive and
Charged particles
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
21st Century; the Photon Century
Could basic research be driven
by the massless and chargeless Photons??
The First exemple is the Extreme Light Infrastructure ELI.
Large Scale Lasers: Could they become the Next Large Scale
Fondamental Research Infrastructures?
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Extreme Light Infrastructure A world laser roadmap
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1025W~ 10% of Sun’s
total power on 1 cm2
ELI
109W ~ Power of a
nuclear reactor on 1 cm2
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Europe has decided
to build the highest
intensity laser ELI
For
Extreme Light Infrastructure
PW, 1mm
~highest power laser today
2006 – ELI on ESFRI Roadmap
ELI-PP 2007-2010 (FP7)
Three Pillars
ELI-Beamlines (Czech Republic)
ELI-Attoseconds (Hungary)
ELI-Nuclear Physics (Romania)
Project Approved by the European
Competitiveness Council (December 2009)
ELI-DC (Delivery Consortium): April
2010
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
• Nuclear Physics experiments to characterize laser – target interaction
• Exotic Nuclear Physics and astrophysics
complementary to other ESFRI Large Scale Physics Facilities (FAIR- De, SPIRAL2- Fr)
• Applications based on high intensity laser and very brilliant γ beams
complementary to the other ELI pillars
ELI-NP in Romania (selected by the most important science committees in Europe – ESFRI and NuPECC, all fields of science included, from social science to space science)
in ‘Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan in Europe’ as a major facility
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IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
ELI-NP
NUCLEAR
Tandem acc.
Cyclotron
γ – Irradiator
Adv. Detectors
Life & Env.
Radioisotopes
Reactor
(decomm.)
Waste Proc.
ring rail/road
BUCHAREST
Lasers
Plasma
Optoelectronics
Material Physics
Theoretical Physics
Particle Physics
Bucharest-Magurele Physics Campus
National Physics Institutes
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Light
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Observation of matter with new powerful probes
Two machines of extreme performances
Large discovery potential
BCS Brillant Gamma Beams
0,2-19 MeV ,1013g/s ,0,3% BW
Two 10 PW lasers,1023 w/cm2
Extreme E-M fields
Laser +e- Acc Femto scale
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Oscillators +OPCPA preamps
multi-PW block Apollon-type
Flashlamp based
400mJ/ 10Hz/ <20fs
Combined laser-gamma experiments
Gamma/e- experiments
Multi-PW experiments
High rep-rate laser experiments
0.1 – 1 PW
Oscillators + OPCPA preamps
300J/ 0.01Hz/ <30fs
e- accelerator Warm linac
multi-PW block Apollon-type
Flashlamp based
Laser DPSSL 10J/>100Hz
Gamma beam Compton based
0.1 – 20MeV
1PW block Ti:Sapph
Flashlamp based
1PW block Apollon-type
Flashlamp based
1PW block Ti:Sapph
Flashlamp based
1PW block Apollon-type
Flashlamp based
30J/ 0.1Hz/ <30fs
ELI-NP Facility Concept
9
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Experiments
8 experimental areas
ELI-NP
Main buildings
Laboratories
Lasers
Gamma and experiments
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Primary radiations
Secondary
target
Electrons are expelled from the
target due to the chock wave
induced by the powerful laser
Heavy ions are accelerated in
the field created by the
electrons
E~Ilaser1/2
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Electrons and ions accelerated
at solid state densities 1024e cm-3
never reached before (Classical beam densities 108e cm-3)
on very short distance (μm-mm)
Energy reached equal to a 400m
up-to-date accelerator (reduction of
scale of 109)
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
• Maximum energy scales with laser beam
intensity approximately as I0.5
Proton acceleration
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RPA simulations 10 23 W/cm2 ,15 fs
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
• Dependence of maximum energy function of
the ion species
• Graphs show results for multi-TW-class lasers
Ion beam acceleration
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Vulcan 50TW, Appleton Lab,
2x1019W/cm2, thick lead target
Mylar target irradiated with a
1019W/cm2 laser pulse
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Stand-alone High Power Laser Experiments
• Nuclear Techniques for Characterization of Laser-Induced Radiations
• Modelling of High-Intensity Laser Interaction with Matter
• Stopping Power of Charge Particles Bunches with Ultra-High Density
• Laser Acceleration of very dense Electrons, Protons and Heavy Ions
Beams
• Laser-Accelerated Th Beam to produce Neutron-Rich Nuclei around
the N = 126 Waiting Point of the r-Process via the Fission-Fusion
Reaction
• Studies of enhanced decay of 26Al in hot plasma environments
14
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Fission-fusion reaction SHE and Very neutron-rich nuclei
a) Fission D, C, O + Th → FL + F neutron rich fission fragments in target 232Th + FF → SHE fusion products
Reaction of radioactive short-lived light fission fragments of beam + Radioactive short-lived light fission fragments of the target
b) Fusion: FL + FL → AZ ≈ 202 0s nuclei close to N=126 waiting point
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Compton backscattering is the most efficient « frequency amplifier »
wdiff=4ge2wlaser
Ee=300 MeV and optical laser <=> ge~ 600 => Eg > 3 MeV
but very weak cross section: 6.6524 10-25 cm2
Therefore for a powerful γ beam, one needs:
- high intensity electron beams
- very brilliant optical photon beams
- very small collision volume
- very high repetition frequency
0
2
02
0
2
2
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cos12 E
mc
Ea
nEe
e
e
gg
gg
e
00
0
02
0 ; ;parameter recoil 4
;number harmonic
g E
m
eEa
mc
En e
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IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
ELI-NP γ beam
FLUX
Bandwidth %
Laser Back-Compton Scattering Most efficient frequency amplifier
Ee-=300 MeV , Eg= 3 MeV
but very weak cross-section ~ 6,65 10-25 cm2
Needs
High intensity e- beam
Very brillant high rep/rate Laser
small collision volume
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
1-High-resolution nuclear spectroscopy: – .NUCLEAR PHOTONICS
– Study of pygmy and giant dipole resonances
– Gamma scattering on nuclei
– Fine-structure of Photo-response above the Particle Threshold: the (γ ,α), (γ,p) and (γ ,n)
– Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence on Rare Isotopes and Isomer
– Nuclear level density , Transition order-chaos
2-Few body systems via photodesintegration, (d, t,He,Li)
3- Photo-fission (resonances ,isomers, production)
4-Astrophysics of the r-, s-, p-processes in nucleosynthesis: masses of waiting point nuclei
– Neutron Capture Cross Section of s-Process Branching Nuclei with Inverse Reactions
– Measurements of (γ, p) and (γ, α) Reaction Cross Sections for p-Process Nucleosynthesis
5-Fundamental Physics of Perturbative and Non-perturbative High-Field QED: Pair creation, high energy g rays, birefringence of the quantum vacuum.
Science drivers at ELI-NP
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
gs
g´ g
Separation
threshold
AX
A´Y
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF)
Photoactivation
Photodisintegration
Absorption
(-activation)
g´
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IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
aim: determination of transition strengths: need absolute values for ground
state transition width
NRF-experiments give product with branching ratio:
assumption:
no transition in low-lying states observed
but: many small branchings in other states?
self-absorption: measurement of absolute ground state transition widths
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IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Astrophysics – related studies
• Production of heavy elements in the Universe –a
central question for Astrophysics
• Neutron Capture Cross Section of s-Process Branch -
Nuclei with Inverse Reactions (g, n)
• the single studies on long-lived branching points (e.g.
147Pm, 151Sm, 155Eu) showed that the recommended values of
neutron capture cross sections in the models differ by up to
50% from the experimentally determined values
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Measurements of (γ, p) and (γ, α) Reaction Cross Sections for p –
Process-Nucleosynthesis :Key reaction g6O 2Ca Determination of the reaction rates by an absolute cross section measurement
is possible using monoenergetic photon beams produced at ELI-NP tremendous advance to measure these rates directly
broad database of reactions – high intense γ beam needed
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Very High Fields :Laser + γ /e− Beam
• Probing the Pair Creation from the Vacuum in the Focus of Strong
Electrical Fields with a High Energy γ Beam
• The Real Part of the Index of Refraction of the Vacuum in High
Fields: Vacuum Birefringence
• Cascades of e+e− Pairs and γ -Rays triggered by a Single Slow
Electron in Strong Fields
• Compton Scattering and Radiation Reaction of a Single Electron at
High Intensities
• Nuclear Lifetime Measurements by Streaking Conversion Electrons
with a Laser Field. 23
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
ELI-NP – new science, new experimental approaches.
ELI-NP will produce :
• New accelerator schemes
• Laser driven gamma beams
• High Resolution, high Intensity X-Ray Beam
• Intense Brilliant Positron-Source: 107e+/[s(mm mrad)2 ]
• And will contribute surely to develop the following apllications
• Radioscopy and Tomography
• Materials research in high intensity radiation fields
• Applications to characterization of Nuclear Waste 24
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Radioisotopes for medical use
• New approaches and methods for producing
radioisotopes urgently needed
•Mo-99 and other medical isotopes used globally
for diagnostic medical imaging and radiotherapy
• 195mPt: In chemotherapy of tumors it can be
used to exclude ”nonresponding” patients from
unnecessary chemotherapy and optimizing the
dose of all chemotherapy
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IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Materials Science and Engineering
• manipulating materials on the nano- and femto-
scales
•understand, at the atomic scale, the behavior of materials
subject to extreme radiation doses and mechanical stress
•polarized positron beam – new microscopy
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IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
NRF Applications to Nuclear materials
• Management of Sensitive Nuclear Materials
and Radioactive waste
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Management of Sensitive Nuclear
Materials and Radioactive waste
isotope-specific identification
238U/235U , 239Pu/240 Pu
scan containers for nuclear material
and explosives
Burn-up of nuclear fuel rods
fuel elements are frequently changed
in position to obtain a homogeneous
burn-up
measuring the final 235U, 238U
content may allow to use fuel
elements 20% longer
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
ELI-NP Timeline
• June 2012: Funding Phase 1 approved (180M€)
• Launch of large tender procedures- Civil engineering, Lasers
,Gamma beams
• May 2013 Building –Contract signed –Construction Started
• June 14th, 2013 : Foundation Stone Ceremony
• July 11th, 2013 2X10 PW Lasers –Contract signed
• July-Sept 2013 Launching Tender for Gamma Beam System
• June 2013- End 2014: TDRs for experiments ready
• End 2015: Lasers and Gamma Beam – end of Phase 1
• 2017: Lasers and Gamma beam Phase 2 -Beginning of operation 28
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
• Invitations to submit Letters of Intents for experiments @ ELI-NP, Participation: >100 researchers
• Building teams for ELI-NP Towards TDR’s for experiments
• Two international working meetings were held at Magurele :Gamma -25-26 june 2013
• Laser and Gammas 27-28 june 2013
• More than 50 participannts in each ws ,a real success !!
8 international working groups formed ,conveners and ELI-NP Liaisons nominated
The first steps towards the completion of the ELI-NP Technical Design Reports
due for the end of 2014 and the formation of a many hundreds international
user community
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IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Ultra high Intensity Laser can offer an
Enormous Reduction in Size
Gerard Mourou Global Science
Exciting Perspectives
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Output: 40J@1Hz = 40W, efficiency<10-3
Input 150kW
For the future, two handicaps
Efficiency at the grid
Repetition rate at high power
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
ICAN (European Project) The Future is Fibre Accelerators (Nature Photonic April 2013)
G. Mourou Ecole Polytechnique(Fr) A. Tunnermann U. Jena (De) D. Payne ORC, U. Southampton (UK) JP. Koutchouck CERN.
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Very high potential of
Scientific and Societal Applications of
Relativistic, electron Protons(>GeV)
Megawatt Power level (B€)
• Proton Colliders (Tevatron, LHC)
• Neutron sources (SNS, ESS)
• Neutrino Sources(SNS, ESS)
• Radioactive Ion Beam (FRIB, Eurisol)
• Gamma ray source
• Accelerator Driven Systems(Ch-ADS,MYRRHA)
• Electron linear collider
• Muon collider
• Free Electron laser at 10kHz
• Higgs factory!!!
G. Mourou 34
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
www.eli-np.ro
ELI-NP will put Romania on the world map of
frontier research facilities
Thank you for your patience!
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Ultrashort pulses can provide
Photons and Particles with Short and Synchronized
Time Structure in the femtosecond, attosecond,
zeptosecond regimes
Visible
Particules: Electrons
Protons, muons,…
High energy radiation: X,
gamma ray
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
• Proposed Gamma Beam Infrastructure
– Very high intensity, narrow bandwidth
– ~20keV resolution at E = 10MeV
– A crystal monochromator may bring the BW down to 10-6
Parameter ELI-NP Laser,
C.B.
S-DALINAC Bremsstrahlun
g
NEPTUNE Bremss + PT
AIST FEL,
C.B.
HIGS FEL,
C.B.
MEGA-ray
Laser, C.B.
Energy range
(MeV) 0.1 – 20 1 – 10 8 – 20 1 – 20 1 – 160 < 3.5 MeV
Relative
bandwidth <0.3% - >0.3% 1-8% 1-10% 0.1%
Time-average
spectral
density photons(eV*s)-1
>104 <103 10 ? <103 105
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IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
Mission:
Study matter from atom to vacuum
Fundamental Research &
Applications of Laser & Ion beams
IZEST Meeting –LLNL
July 17-18 ,2013
S.Gales ELI-NP-Ro
• February-April 2010
Scientific case “White Book”(100 scientists, 30 institutions) (www.eli-np.ro)
approved by ELI-NP International Scientific Advisory Board
• August 2010
Feasibility Study
• December 2010 – Romanian Government:
ELI-NP priority project
• August 2011 – March 2012
Technical Design
• January 2012
Submission of the application for funding
• March 2012
Detailed technical design of the buildings.
39