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Introduction Q-Sort Activity Behavior and the brain
◦ Discussion & Activity Self-Esteem
◦ Discussion Positive Guidance
◦ Discussion & Activity Responsive
Intervention◦ Discussion
Wrap-up
Investigate your understanding of the causes of challenging behaviors in young children and explore preventive strategies that are under the teacher’s control
that the use of seat belts saves lives. Do you use a seat belt when you are driving? When you are a passenger? Why or why not?
There is a direct relation between your health and a healthy diet and moderate, regular exercise
Do you eat a healthy diet (lots of fruits and vegetables; avoid fast food restaurants,low fat dairy products, and limit your consumption of meat)?
Do you exercise for 30 minutes at leastthree times a week? Why or why not?
There is a direct relation between smoking cigarettes and certain illnesses (especially lung cancer and emphysema)
With such compelling research, why do people still smoke?
In order for children to develop into happy and emotionally well-adjusted people who are able to solve their own problems, parents and teachers must be nurturing, positive, and introspective (that is, able to look carefully at themselves and their interactions with others)
Many adults still use methods like spanking, put-downs, and yelling at children
Why do you think this happens?
Interferes with other’s learning, development and play
Is harmful to the child or others
Puts the child at risk for later problems in school
The amount of time spent in large groups impacts behavior
Aggressive behavior in early childhood often persists
Children can learn new appropriate behaviors
Success involves the whole school policy
There are no formulas or recipes
Aggressive behavior can result from wanting control
Physical aggression – most evident between 27-29 months of age
Challenging aggression persists for 3-15% of children
Teachers are more likely to punish these children than they are to catch them behaving appropriately!
Based on what adults encourage and discourage◦ Example: U.S. parents
tolerate aggressive behaviors
◦ The role of nannies
Genes Temperament ADHD & ADD Pregnancy & birth
complications Substance abuse in
pregnancy Malnutrition Brain function
problems
Parenting/teaching styles
Poverty Exposure to violence Tough times in society Media violence Child care
Strengthen YOUR INFLUENCE by doing the right thing!
Help children become more resilient ◦ Teach and model social skills◦ Teach problem-solving◦ Build self-esteem◦ Maintain a democratic classroom
From psychologyIt forces you to choose and prioritizeDiscuss and sort the statements…you must have four under each heading
The result is cognitive changes
Children can gradually hold more information in working memory (preschoolers can often focus on only one thing at a time)
Children become better at self-regulation…i.e., attention gradually improves
Hormones are released when emotions are aroused
There can be positive and negative effects
Adrenaline (epinephrine) enhances memory
Stress releases cortisol which can deteriorate cognitive functions
Intimidation, rejection, and feeling at risk can cause an overproduction of cortisolCan lead to misbehavior or withdrawalInhibits learning!
This impacts your curricular activities
This impacts your guidance and discipline
Nurturing and stable relationships are essential
The teacher’s job is to be NICE!
Review the Current Brain Research handout
Mark one item you already do in your classroom
Mark one that you need to improve
Your own beliefs, values, and your culture impact everything you do in the classroom
What pushes your buttons? What are your own past experiences? Why am I doing what I’m doing? Am I…
◦ Open-minded?◦ Whole-heartedly involved?◦ Responsible?
Positive Guidance:◦ Class arrangement◦ Schedule◦ Limits◦ Active Listening◦ Choices, I messages,
contingencies◦ Negotiation
Arrival (may be bringing emotions from home)
Rest time Dramatic play, woodworking, & block areas(close supervision needed) Fine motor activities (large motor art
activities also needed) Circle time Transitions
Everyone deserves to be safe
We take care of the materials in our school
We respect others We are responsible
for our own behavior
I’m so upset…I just found out that my sister told my mother that I’m having marriage problems. She promised she wouldn’t say anything to anyone when I told her about this. I trusted her and now my mother keeps telling me that I’m crazy and need to be a better wife. I’m starting to feel like I’m going to have a nervous breakdown!
Active listening = “Listening from the heart”
Listeners (teachers) help teach children how to identify their feelings
Over time, children will become more positive in their interactions because they are accepted
Choices: “You can go by yourself to the toilet or I can go with you…you choose”
I-Message: “I get frustrated when you won’t try to use the toilet when I ask because we are going outside and I want you to be able to play without needing to come inside to potty”
Contingency: “After you use the toilet we’ll be able to go outside”
Help children identify the problem
Help children contribute solutions
Help children carry out the solution
Can lead to more aggressive behavior in children
It’s embarrassing and humiliating It teaches that power can be used for
control It promotes negative self-esteem It does not teach what is appropriate
Can create another problem when asking child to go to time-out
Take a break or cool down period instead
Meet with others for ideas
Do a functional assessment of the behavior:◦ Be detectives to figure
out what purpose the behavior has for the child
◦ Look at the situation from the child’s point of view
Antecedents – what triggers the challenging behavior?
Behavior – what you will observe and track…Joey hits and pushes others
Consequences – What happens immediately after the behavior?