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Elsam Engineering A/S
www.elsam-engineering.com
EWEC 2006
How to change local opposition to wind farms
Jette I. Kjær
M. Sc. Project Engineer
www.elsam-engineering.com Side 2
Status of the development in Denmark and Sweden
Denmark Sweden
Wind industry start 1990 1980s
Total MW wind capacity
approx 3500 MW 492 MW
MW offshore wind approx 375 MW 23 MW
www.elsam-engineering.com Side 3
Horns Rev and Nysted Offshore Wind Farms
Horns Rev
Turbines: 80 Vestas V80, 2 MW
Height to tip: 110 m
Distance to coast: 14 km
Nysted
Turbines: 72 Bonus, 2.3 MW
Height to tip: 110 m
Distance to coast: 10 km
www.elsam-engineering.com Side 4
Karta över Lillgrund Vindkraftpark
9 km
10 km
14 km
7 km
7 km
Flin
tränn
an
Köpenhamn
Saltholm
Malmö
Lernacken
Bunkeflostrand
HöllvikenSkanör
Öresundsbron
Dragör
Klagshamn
Pepparholm
Lillgrund Offshore Wind Farm
www.elsam-engineering.com Side 5
Lillgrund – technical data
• 48 Siemens, 2.3 MW
• Height to tip: 115 m
• Rotor diameter: 80-90 m
www.elsam-engineering.com Side 6
Sociological study
Horns Rev Nysted
Concerns Tourism
Fishery industry
Visual effects
Environment (birds, flora and fauna)
Effects after construction
No effect on tourism
Limited effects on fishery
Visual effects (light)
Limited effects on the environment
Attitude after construction
Acceptance/positive Less acceptance (light)
www.elsam-engineering.com Side 7
Social costs - study
• Aim
• Investigations of attitudes towards wind energy:
• Onshore and offshore
• National and at local level (Horns Rev and Nysted
• Method
• Questionnaires
• 700 nationwide
• 350 in the Horns Rev area
• 350 in the Nysted area
www.elsam-engineering.com Side 8
Social costs – acceptance in Denmark
Horns Rev Nysted DK
General acceptance of onshore wind turbines
Yes Yes Yes
Acceptance of new onshore wind turbines
No No No
Acceptance of new offshore wind turbines
Yes Partly yes Yes
www.elsam-engineering.com Side 9
Willingness to pay
332261
666707
643
743
904
591
1223
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
NA-sample HR-sample NY-sample
Sample
WT
P d
kk/h
ouse
hold
/yea
r
12 km
18 km
50 km
www.elsam-engineering.com Side 10
Sociological study
Horns Rev Nysted Lillgrund
Concerns Tourism
Fishery industry
Visual effects
Environment (birds, flora and fauna)
Environment
Noise
Economy
Effects after construction
No effect on tourism
Limited effects on fishery
Visual effects (light)
Limited effects on the environment
?
Attitude after construction
Acceptance/positive Less acceptance (light) ?
www.elsam-engineering.com Side 11
Conclusions
• Technology
• Focus on offshore wind farms
• Distance > 10 km from the coastline (NB! 2-2.5 MW turbines)
• Lights are of high importance if the wind turbines are < 12 km from the coastline
• Information
• Information through process – from planning to operation
• Use questionnaires to reach the level of local knowledge on wind turbines
• Environmental arguments facilitates acceptance of wind turbines
• Information about results of effects
www.elsam-engineering.com Side 12
Invitation
The Danish Environmental Group is pleased to invite you to our conference presenting the Final Results of the Danish Environmental Monitoring Programme for the offshore wind farms at Horns Rev and Nysted.
We will provide you with an excellent overview of the monitoring programme carried out during the period 1999 to 2006. The purpose of the conference is to give you an extensive overview of the general results of the environmental monitoring programme as well as specific knowledge of the results at a local level.
We hope that you – as an ecologist, developer, stakeholder or authority – will be able to use these results and conclusions extensively when working with offshore wind farms.
Sincerely, The Danish Environmental Group
Thank you for listening