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Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Chapter 2Chapter 2
Introduction to the QuantitativeIntroduction to the QuantitativeResearch ProcessResearch Process
Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Nursing Process Research Process1. Assessment 1. Knowledge of the world
A. Data collection of nursingB. Data interpretation
2. Nursing diagnosis 2. Problem and purpose identification
3. Plan 3. MethodologyA. Goal identification A. DesignB. Planned interventions B. Sample
C. Measurement
Comparison of the Nursing Process and the Research ProcessComparison of the Nursing Process and the Research Process
Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Comparison of the Nursing Process and the Research Process (cont)Comparison of the Nursing Process and the Research Process (cont)
Nursing Process Research Process4. Implementation 4. Data collection and
analysis
5. Evaluation and 5. Outcomes and modification disseminating
findings
Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Types of Quantitative ResearchTypes of Quantitative Research
• Descriptive
• Correlational
• Quasi-experimental
• Experimental
Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Quantitative ResearchQuantitative Research
• Most common type of research
• Descriptive and correlational: used predominantly to generate nursing knowledge
• Quasi-experimental: increasing with testing of nursing interventions
• Experimental: infrequently conducted
Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Increased control
with type of study
Quantitative ResearchQuantitative Research
• Descriptive
• Correlational
• Quasi-experimental
• Experimental
Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Type of Study Conducted Type of Study Conducted
• Knowledge available on topic
• Expertise of researcher
– Replication versus original research
• Resources of researcher: funding
– Amount of funding
– Sources of funding
Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
• Basic research
• Applied research• Rigor• Control
Concepts Relevant to Quantitative ResearchConcepts Relevant to Quantitative Research
Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Basic or Applied ResearchBasic or Applied Research
• Quantitative studies are basic or applied.
• Basic research: concerned with underlying mechanisms of an intervention, such as effect of pressure on tissues
• Applied research: concerned with effect of the intervention on the patient, such as turning patient to relieve pressure
Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Types of Research SettingsTypes of Research Settings
• Natural or field settings
• Partially controlled settings
• Highly controlled or laboratory settings
Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Steps of the Quantitative Research ProcessSteps of the Quantitative Research Process
• Research problem and purpose
• Literature review
• Study framework
• Objectives, questions, or hypotheses
• Study variables
Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Steps of the Quantitative Research Process (con’t)Steps of the Quantitative Research Process (con’t)
• Assumptions
• Limitations
• Research design
• Population and sample
• Methods of measurement
Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Steps of the Quantitative Research Process (con’t)Steps of the Quantitative Research Process (con’t)
• Data collection and analysis
• Research outcomes
• Communication of findings
Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
• What type of study was conducted?• What was the setting for the study?• Were the steps for the research process clearly
identified?• Were any of the steps missing?• Did the steps of the study logically link together?
Initial Research Report CritiqueInitial Research Report Critique