Communicative Approach of

Teaching English Language

Conducted by

Dr. Nicholas Correaon

28th January 2012

Organised by

Ratna Sagar P. Ltd.

Introduction

1. Icebreaking Activity: Meet your friends and write as many names as you remember.

2. Introduce your friend to the audience: Name, school, place and hobby.

How do we make new friends?

Encounter

Communication

Activity: Miming

Two volunteers will be sent out of the group. The decides to mime any one event. Example : Birthday party. The group would demonstrate the event through miming. The volunteer has to decipher the signs made through miming and name the event.

Components of communication

1. Sender a. Sourceb. Encoding2. Messagea. Mediumb. Decoding3. Receiver

When we learn a language, we need four skills for

complete a communication.

Listening Speaking Reading

Writing

When we learn our native language, we usually learn

to listen first,

then to speak,

then to read,

and finally to write.

The four language skills are related to each other in two ways:

•the direction of communication (in or out) •the method of communication (spoken or written)

Input is sometimes called "reception" and output is sometimes called "production". Spoken is also known as "oral".

Listening:

Listening:Listening is the language modality that is used most frequently.

It has been estimated that adults spend almost half their communication time listening, and students may receive as much as 90% of their in-school information through listening to instructors and to one another.

Listening Competencies

There are many two way links within the brain that are involved in listening.

Listen to the poem:Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening:

By Robert Frost

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Robert Frost

Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village, though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.

My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.

He gives his harness bells a shakeTo ask if there is some mistake.The only other sound's the sweepOf easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dark, and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.

Listen to the Song : Life cycle of a Butterfly

How much do we listen?

Not all listening is the same.Casual greetings, require a different sort of listening capability than do academic lectures.

Language learning requires intentional listening that employs strategies for identifying sounds and making meaning from them

Listening: Identifying Sounds

1. Conversation : Planning a business trip.2. Song: The Sun3. Poem: The Road Not Taken

The Road Not TakenRobert Frost

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that, the passing there Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.

Three components of listening:

•Sender (a person, radio, television)

•Message, and

• Receiver (the listener).

Speaking skill

Speaking is the productive skill in the oral mode.

It, like the other skills, is more complicated than it seems at first and involves more than just pronouncing words.

Impact of Mother Tongue/Vernaculars:

An extract of a speech of Martin Luther King Jr.

I Have A DreamI have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.“

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today!I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."

"I Have a Dream" is a 17-minute public speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered on August 28, 1963, in which he called for racial equality and an end to discrimination.

There are three kinds of speaking situations in which we find ourselves:

Interactive, Partially interactive,

Non-interactive.

Activity:

•Turn your the tongue in your mouth:

Right to left

Left to right

•Do re mi pa so la si do

Dialogue: Telephonic Conversation Listen carefully to a dialogue.

A dialogue to convey a message

Typical Indian English Expressions

Read these sentencesAt the first meetingKrish: What is your good name, sir?”Steve: “Steve”Krish: “It is nice knowing you, Steve Ji!”They become fast friendsKrish: “Hey Boss, are you enjoying the movie?”Steve: Yes.Steve: And you?Krish: “Simply! Enjoying to the maximum!”Steve: How was the movie?”Krish: “First-class!”Krish is above to leave the placeSteve: When are returning?Krish: May be within a fortnight. I will give you a ring over the week-end.”

Advertisement in matrimonial column:

Girl, 29, convent-educated, single and innocent, wheatish complexion, software professional seeks a suitable boy. Caste and creed no bar.

Advertisement in matrimonial column Boy, 31, Malayalee, foreign-returned, IT professional seeks a homely girl

The L TTE committed a Himalayan blunder ( a big mistake) by killing our former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.

The Congress high command ( Top leader/President) does not want him to contest the general election.

We suspect a foreign hand (involvement of a foreign organization or individual) in the recent bomb blast in Bangalore.

I bought a new iron box for two thousand rupees. The word iron is used by native speakers of English, but in India we use the term iron box. I bought a new iron for two thousand rupees.

My cousin-brother is in Australia.

There is no cousin brother or cousin sister in English. Your cousin is your uncle's or aunt's son or daughter. Jane is my cousin.

Let's go to the station by auto. The auto is to mean auto-rickshaw. Let's go to the train station by auto-rickshaw.

A new cinema is going to be released tomorrow. The actual meaning of the word cinema is a place where films / movies are screened. A new movie is going to be released tomorrow.

Ragging is a criminal offence. In Indian English expressions, the term ragging means harassment of new students by seniors in educational institutions. In Britain, the word rag means a series of amusing events and activities organized by college students once a year to collect money for charity.

Give me a ring: ‘Give me a call’, is a better way of saying the same, when you want someone to call you. It has nothing to do with ring – the engagement ring, or friendship ring, or the wedding ring….

Tell me!:Used when answering the phone. Just say ’how can I help you’ or ‘what can I do for you’. In Hindi ‘bolo”

Convey her my greetings: ‘Give her my regards’ may convey the message better.

Innocent divorcee:It refers to someone who is forced to divorce with no fault of his/her own. Both sides probably feel that the fault lies with the other side, so the usage of word ‘innocent’ may not be understood.

Issue-less divorce:Probably means a divorce that is finalized; every divorce happens due to some issues.

Reading: My son is reading in Class V. The word reading is used for studying.

Make a move: I will make a move now.It means 'I'm leaving', not 'making a move on someone', or anything related to chess.

Take: I don't take meat/milk/whatever.I don't eat meat/ drink milk, etc.

Where do you put up? :Where are you currently staying?

Throw dust in one’s eyes: To fool someone. Don’t throw dust in my eyes.

Pulling one’s legs Krish is a smart guy. He likes pulling others legs.

Rubber :- Pencil eraser

cent per cent :- 100 per cent

shirt-pant or pant-shirt :- Shirt and Trousers

tight slap :- hard slap:

Out of station :- out of town.

Pin-drop silence :- Extreme silence (quiet enough to hear a pin drop).

Railway Station :- Train station.

loose motion :- diarrhea

prepone :- To bring something forward in time. The opposite of postpone.

cousin-brother (male-cousin)

eve-teasing (harassment of women)

godown (warehouse)

tiffin: Light midday meal.Solid: Indian team

Reading

eonvrye that can raed this rsaie your hnad.

I cdnuolt blveiee that I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd what I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno't mtaetr in what oerdr the ltteres in a word are, the olny iproamtnt tihng is that the frsit and last ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can still raed it whotuit a pboerlm. This is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the word as a wlohe. Azanmig huh? Yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!

• Loud reading: It also comes under the public speaking skills

• Silent reading:

• Reading for comprehension

• Reading for information

• Reading for entertainment

• Reading for learning the language

• Critical reading

• Seen and unseen content for reading

Types of reading

Seen passages

• Loud reading / silent reading

• Comprehension: • Short answers,• long answers• Questions on Higher

order thinking skills

• Questions on thinking out of the box

• Extended questions• Reason and application• Syntax• Composition• Vocabulary

Unseen passages:•Comprehension

•Vocabulary

•Spellings of the words isn’t main focus

•Meaning of the word must be

•understood in context. Exact meaning isn’t essential.

Techniques of reading unseen passages:•Fist read the questions and understand•Skim: quick reading, scan, float, etc. •Try to co relate what you are reading with the questions which have already read.•Don’t waste time on understanding the meaning of the words•Try to understand the meaning of the words through the complete sentence or paragraph or context. •If you cannot answer the questions asked read them again and read the passage.•If you are unable to get the answer of any question do not waste time. Leave the question and answer it later when you get time.

Steps for reading seen passages/language text book:When we help our students to read the lessons we must focus on the following steps to energise the whole brain.•Connect•Reflect•Imagine•Read•Consolidate•Create•Extend•Relate

Testing vocabularyHomophonesHomographsHomonymsAntonymsSynonymsGenderNumberCollocationPalindromeAcronymAcrostic poems

1 can cane2 man mane3 fair fare4 mar Mare5 fat Fate6 See* Sea*7 Meet* Meat*8 Feet* Feat*

Homophone: Words with similar or same pronunciation but with different spellings and meanings.

1 Blessed: /blɛsɨd/ Adj: having divine aid

Blessed: /ˈblɛst/ vb: past tense of blessed

2 Bow: /boʊ/: n: a weapon Bow: /ˈbaʊ/ vb: to bendConduct: /ˈkɒndəkt/: n: Action Conduct: /kənˈdʌkt/: vb: to leadBuffet: /bəˈfeɪ/ ~ /ˈbʊfeɪ/:n: sideboard meal

Buffet: /ˈbʌfɨt/: vb: to strike

Wind: /ˈwɪnd/ n: air movement Wind: /ˈwaɪnd/: vb: to tighten a spring Use: /ˈjuːs/: n: benefit, function Use: /ˈjuːz/: vb: utilise, employTear: /ˈtɪər/: n: rolling of tears Tear: /ˈtɛər/: to separate , split, destroyResume: /ˈrɛzjʉmeɪ/: n: curriculum vitae

Resume: /rɨˈzjuːm/vb: to start again

Read: /ˈriːd/ Read: /ˈrɛd/Minute: /maɪˈnjuːt/ n: Minute: /ˈmɪnət/adj: small

Homograph: Words with varying pronunciation and meaning but with the retention same spelling .

1 Address: Location Address: Speech, lecture, etc2 Attribute : Quality,

characteristicsAttribute:

3 Close: adj: nearby Close: vb: to shut 4 Delta: n: land at the mouth

of the river Delta: n: fourth letter of Greek alphabet

5 Novel: n: fiction Novel: adj: new, original, fresh6 Pen: marker Pen: n: enclosure7 Patient: n: sick person Patient: vb: tolerant, enduring8 Desert: arid/barren region Desert: ice cream

Homonym: Words with the retention of same pronunciation and spellings but varying meanings.

Writing Skills

StoryA story has characters: A prince, a dragon, a farmer, a tree, fox and crow, etc.

Has descriptions: Character must have names and must be described. Eg: How does it look? Is he tall, short etc. What kind of person is he? Kind, nervous, happy, etc.

•Has actions: Main actions in the story•A story has be a problem.•A story has a solution.•A story has three clear parts•A Beginning: How did it begin•A Middle: Main actions: A problem.•An End: Main actions: A solution.

•When you write a story remember....

•To write simple but complete sentences.

•To use paragraphs when the action changes.

•To make three parts for your story • •To check your spellings

Particulars Cinderella

PlotCinderella is ill treated by step mother and sisters. Helped

by magic fairy godmother. Goes to the Ball. Dances with

Prince. Loses glass slipper. Marries prince.

CharactersCinderella, step mother, two step sisters. Fairy Godmother,

Prince.

Description/VocabularyEnchanting, palatial, crystal, shrewish, incompetent,

anxious, green with envy, etc.

SettingCinderella’s kitchen, palace hall and steps.

BeginningCinderella had beautiful brown eyes and even among the

cinders she looked pretty.

Problem/MiddleCinderella is ill treated and needs to be rescued. Prince

doesn’t know where to find Cinderella after the Ball.

Resolution/EndThe glass slipper must fit the one the prince marries.

Cinderella is found and marries the prince.

Story Planning Grid

SMS language

Acronyms are used most often to abbreviate names of organizations and long or frequently referenced terms.

The use of acronyms has been further popularized with the emergence of Short Message Systems (SMS).

To fit messages into the 160-Character limit of SMS the acronyms have been popularized into the mainstream.

SMS language is common on the internet like Email, instant messaging.

SMS language does not always obey or follow standard grammar, and the words used are not usually found in standard dictionaries or recognized by language academies.

The objective of SMS language is to use the least number of characters needed to convey a comprehensible message, also as many telecommunication companies have an SMS character limit, another benefit of SMS language is to reduce the character count of a message, hence, punctuation, grammar, and capitalization are largely ignored.

Examples:1.(e.g LOL ( laughing out loud) "GF" (girl friend), DL (download)2. (e.g. "i <3 u" which uses the pictogram of a heart for love, and the letter u replaces you).3. (e.g. dictionary becomes dctnry and keyboard becomes kybrd).4. ttyl: talk to you later, omg: o my god,

Single letters can replace words•be becomes b•see or sea becomes c•okay becomes k or kk•are becomes r•you becomes u•why becomes y•oh becomes o

Single digits can replace words•won or one becomes 1•to or too becomes 2•for becomes 4•ate becomes 8

A single letter or digit can replace a syllable or phoneme•to or too becomes 2, so:

tomorrow becomes 2mro or 2morotoday becomes 2day

•for or fore becomes 4, so: before becomes b4forget becomes 4get

•ate becomes 8, so: great becomes gr8late becomes l8mate becomes m8wait becomes w8hate becomes h8date becomes d8later becomes l8r or l8acrate becomes cr8skate becomes sk8skater becomes sk8r

•and becomes &•thank you becomes 10q, thnq, ty

Combinations of the above can shorten a single or multiple words•your and you're become ur•wonderful becomes 1drfl•someone becomes sum1•no one becomes no1•any one become any1 or ne1•see you becomes cu or cya•for you becomes 4u•easy becomes ez•enjoy becomes njoy•adieu becomes +u