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EM Wave Spectrum andEM Wave Spectrum and
Photon EnergyPhoton EnergyBY : HENDRA SETIAWANBY : HENDRA SETIAWAN
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What do you imagine when youWhat do you imagine when you
hear the word opto-electronics?hear the word opto-electronics? Opto-electronics is a word combiningOpto-electronics is a word combining
optics and electronics, mainly used inoptics and electronics, mainly used inJapan.Japan.
American people prefer to use a termAmerican people prefer to use a termoptronics or electro-optics.optronics or electro-optics. This academic field covers broad conceptsThis academic field covers broad concepts
involving light emitting devices andinvolving light emitting devices and
elements, information displays, imageelements, information displays, imagepickup devices, optical storages, opticalpickup devices, optical storages, opticalcommunications, remote sensing systemscommunications, remote sensing systemsand so on.and so on.
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Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves :
f [Hz]
0
[m]
106 109 1012 1015 1018
103 1 10-3 10-6 10-9
Radio
TV
Microwa
ves
Infrared
Ultravio
l et
XRays
Gamma
Rays
Visible
Optical Waves
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Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic SpectrumVisible Spectrum
700 nm 400 nm
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prism screen
slit Continuous spectrum
Continuous spectrum
Line spectrumLine absorption spectrum
Line emission spectrum
SpectrumSpectrum
ultraviolet infrared
1.5eV3eV 2.5eV 2eV
800n
m
300n
m
3.5eV4eV
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VISIBLE LIGHTVISIBLE LIGHT
The visible wavelength region isThe visible wavelength region is
between 380 nm and 780 nmbetween 380 nm and 780 nm
Light whose wavelength is shorterLight whose wavelength is shorter
than 380nm is called ultraviolet.than 380nm is called ultraviolet.
Light whose wavelength is longerLight whose wavelength is longer
than 780 nm is called infrared.than 780 nm is called infrared.
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Wavelength
Distance
FieldStrength
Wavelength : distance to complete one sine wave
fc0= c0 : speed of light = 3*10
8 [m/s] (vaccum)
f : frequency [Hz]
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Optical Frequencies & Wavelength
10
15
1014
1013
1012
1016
1 m
10 m
100 m
1mm
10nm
100nm
f [Hz]
ultraviolet
infrared
visible visible
390nm
455nm
492nm
577nm597nm622nm
760nm
violet
blue
green
yelloworange
red
1600nm
optical
communications
800nm
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LW Transmission
Bands
Near Infrared
Frequency
Wavelength 1.6
229
1.0 0.8 m0.6 0.41.8 1.4
UV
(vacuum) 1.2
THz193 461
0.2
353
Longhaul Telecom
Regional Telecom
Local Area Networks
850 nm
1550 nm
1310 nm
CD Players780 nm
HeNe Lasers633 nm
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Bohr Atomic Model
Bohr PlanetaryModel
electrons
Classical Model
photon
nucleus
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Quantized Energy Levels & Orbits
n=1
n=3
n=2
n=4
Energy
Distance from nucleusnucleus
n=1
n=2
n=3
photon
orbits
electrons
Bigger orbit => Higher energy
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Emission and absorption of a photon
E=hf
Atomic excitation
Absorption
E=hf
Atomic de-excitation
Emission
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Energy Bands, Absorption and Emmision
- particles in the matter occupy discrete energy levels.
Absorption:
- by absorbing external (thermal, electric or optical)energy, particles move to a higher energy levels.
Emission:
- moving from a higher to a lower energy level is
compensated by the emission of a photon .
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The Photon:
- light consists of particles called PHOTONs.
- photons have the speed of light (c0) in vacuum.
- photons have wave like characteristics.
- photons interact with other material
- photons have electromagnetic energy (E=hf)
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PHOTON Energy (E) : E = hf [eV]
h = Plancks cte = 6.626*10-34 [Js]
f = Frequency = c0 / 0 [Hz]c0 = 3 x 108 m/s (vacuum)
1 eV : energy transferred to accelerate an electron
in vacuum by a 1 V potential difference.
1eV = 1.602 x 10-19 [Joule]
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Relation between f, 0 and E
0 = 1 m f = 3*1014 [Hz] , h= 6.626*10-34 [Js] E = hf = 1.988*10-19 [J] 1.24 [eV]
e : electronic charge = 1.602 *10-19 [C]
1015 1014 1013 1012 1011
1 m 10 m 100 m 1mm 1cm100nm
10 1 10-1 10-2 10-3
f [Hz]
0[m]
E [eV]
0 [ m] = 1.24 /E[eV]
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NEXTNEXTSolid State Electronic MaterialSolid State Electronic Material
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22ndnd AssignmentAssignment
Sebutkan dan gambarkan macam-Sebutkan dan gambarkan macam-
macam tipe kisi-kisi/lattice kristal?macam tipe kisi-kisi/lattice kristal?
Apakah konduktivitas termal itu?Apakah konduktivitas termal itu?