Emergencies Without BordersSub-national and transnational mapping of emergency affected areas in Africa in 2004

Dennis J. King

Humanitarian Information Unit

US Department of State

Usual Depiction of Emergencies in Africa, 2003

Usual Depiction of HIV Prevalence in Africa

Interpolated HIV Prevalence adjusted for Pop Density

54%

40%

30%

15%

5%

Interpolated HIV Prevalence model based on more than 1,200 sentinel surveillance sites that have reported HIV prevalence among pregnant women.

Multiplying the interpolated HIV prevalence times the adjusted population distribution provides a rough estimate of number of people living with HIV per square kilometer and shows concentrations of people living with HIV.

Natural Disaster Events in Africa in 2004

Complex Emergency Affected Areas and Refugee Camps in Africa in 2004

Complex Emergency Affected Areas

Infant Mortality Rate in Africa – 2000

Sample Child Mortality Rates in Africa in 2004

Sample Child Mortality Rates in Africa in 2004

Country Location <5 MR Date SourceAngola Ganda

-12.9, 14.6

0.9 Sep 2004 ACH-S

Chad Irimi7.3, 29.1

2.2 Oct. 2004 MSF-B

DRC Kikwit-5.06, 18.8

2.8 Apr 2004 IRC

DRC Mutena-6.3, 20.8

5.2 Apr 2004 IRC

DRC Moba-7.5. 29.7

11.3 Apr 2004 IRC

Somalia Bossasso11.2, 49.2

2.32 Jul 2004 UNICEF

Somalia Bargal11.2, 51.0

2.39 Jul 2004 UNICEF

Sudan Kalma camp13.4, 22.4

11.7 Aug 2004 WHO

Sudan El Geneina 12.5, 24.2

14.1 Jun 2004 MSF/Epicentre

Sudan Aweil (south) 0.7 Jul 2004 MSF/Epicentre

Areas and Incidents of Conflict and Displacement

In 2004 So Far in 2005

• Burundian rebels massacred 180 Congolese refugees in Gatumba camp in August 2004

• Sporadic fighting between DRC army, renegade soldiers, armed militia, rebel Democratic Forces for Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), GOR armed forces, and UNMOC troops in eastern DRC

• 150,000 Congolese refugees in Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi, over 250,000 Congolese refugees in other countries

• 200,000 IDPs and 2.2 million affected in DRC

Great Lakes transnational emergency

Southeast Asia Avian Influenza

Conclusions from Emergencies Without Borders

• Emergencies are sub-national (affect only specific areas inside a country’s boundaries) and sometimes transnational (cross borders)

• UN Consolidated Appeals are often transnational/regional (Darfur/Chad, Great Lakes) or sub-national (Chechnya, Bolivia El Chaco drought)

• Most humanitarian assistance organizations are structured according to country desks/programs and have different entities for refugees and IDPs

• Transnational humanitarian emergencies require coordination, collaboration and information sharing among multiple organizations

• Sub-national mapping of emergencies requires more detailed identification of affected areas (provinces, states, districts) and geo-referencing of locations

Data Mining – Enter terms, sources, date perimeters

Search Results – Visualization of number of matches

Text Extraction – Specific paragraph with words

Countries of Humanitarian Interest and Concern CHIC eRoom

Countries of Humanitarian Interest and Concern CHIC eRoom

VISTAVisualized Information Synthesized

Temporal Analysis

• A visualization analysis tool to provide situational awareness

• Geo-spatial - Map of affected area

• Temporal - Timeline of key events

• Numerical - Graphs, charts, tables

• Textual - Hyperlinks to full text documents

• Interactive, query to create a customized “common operating picture”

China GOZ Cash grant plus 4500MT of maize

Beira

Inhassora

MasvingoMvuma

Bulawayo

SelukweGweru

Que Que

.

..

.500,000

.Vilanculos

MassingaInhambane

InharrimeChokwe

Xai XaiManhica

Maputo

MutareLupane

WFP

UN Agencies/NGO

Food EMOP 10200.0Prevent Malnutrition

528,402

1,877,934

334,396

Thurs 6 Jun Fri 7 Jun Sat 8 Jun Sun 9 JunWed 5 Jun

Malawi

Zambia

Mozambique

Zimbabwe

Largest Donors to Zimbabwe

Population in Need

SHOW

Denmark

EC

Provision of basicFood needs to 12,000

ADRAGermany

Food Security Situation

Tues 4 Jun

174,000208,000

705,000

Jun

Australia funds emergency foodFor Mozambique and Zimbabwe2 Jun 02

China/Kuwait giveZimbabwe food assistance12 Jun 02

South Africa provides35,000MTfood aid to Zimbabwe19 Jun 02

EU gives Zimbabwe 28M Euros(US$27.5M) for drugs4 Jul 02

Britain gives 32M pounds (US$49M)for Zimbabwe food crisis10 Jul 02

Jul Aug Sep

EC provides add’l US$34M forFamine victims in Zimbabwe6 Aug 02

Japan to announce $30M foodAid to S African countries16 Aug 02

Donor Channel Description Value in US Dollars

USAID gives 14,310MT to WVfor Zimbabwe24 Jul 02

Population in Need

Donor Nations

European Commission

Ireland

Other

United Kingdom

United States

Tues 4 Jun

528,402

508,809

200,000

197,333216,495

Population in Need

Humanitarian Assistance for Zimbabwe

Donors by Total Contribution

72.4%

18.8%

3.3%2.5%

2.9%

Source: OCHA/FTS19 Aug 02

Largest Donors to Zimbabwe

Sample Prototype VISTA

Sample Prototype VISTA

Jun02-Mar03 non-food Zimbabwe

non-food

Beira

Inhassora

MasvingoMvuma

Bulawayo

SelukweGweru

Que Que

.

..

.Reliefweb.int/appeals/index.html

.Vilanculos

MassingaInhambane

InharrimeChokwe

Xai XaiManhica

Maputo

MutareLupane

foodfoodfood

Zambia

LesothoMozambique

WFP_UHS05.html

WFP_UHS09.htmlWFP_UHS12.html

WFP_UHS13.html

Thurs 6 Jun Fri 7 Jun Sat 8 Jun Sun 9 JunWed 5 Jun

Malawi

Zambia

Mozambique

Zimbabwe

Reports of At Risk Population

Population in Need

SHOW

Jun02-Mar03

Jun02-Mar03

Jun02-Mar03Jun02-Mar03

Malawi

SwazilandfoodJun02-Mar03

Food Security Situation

Tues 4 Jun

Timeline of Food Security Events

Meeting of SADC disaster response task force

WHO Heath assessment mission in Malawi

FAO/WFP assessment mission to Swaziland, Lesotho, Malawi, Zimbabwe

FAO/WFP assessment mission to Mozambique

WHO Nutritional assessmentin Zambia

WFP EMOP appeal

Reliefweb.int/appeals/index.html

Countries of Greatest Need

Location800,000

600,000

400,000

200,000

Zambia

Mozambique

Lesotho

Swaziland

Malawi

Zimbabwe

Cereal Food Needs (MT)

Population in Need

705,000

208,000

174,00062,000 50,000 12,000

Discussion

• What are the implications and possible uses of Emergencies Without Borders as an alternative way of visualizing emergencies?

• Is there interest/value in continual mining, monitoring and mapping of emergencies?

• Is there interest/value in development of a interactive, web-based visualization analysis tool to display a “common operating picture” of a situation or issue

• What information management capabilities, skills, and tools are needed?