Emergency and Disaster Preparedness in Nursing

7/28/2019 Emergency and Disaster Preparedness in Nursing

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JOFRED M. MARTINEZ, RN


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1. Identify the necessary components of an emergencyoperations plan.

2. Discuss how triage in a disaster differs from triage in

an emergency.

3. Develop a plan of care for a patient experiencing short-

term or long-term psychological effects after a disaster.

4. Evaluate the different levels of personal protection and

decontamination procedures that may be necessaryduring an event involving mass casualties or weapons

of mass destruction.


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5. Describe isolation precautions necessary for

bioterrorism agents.

6. Identify the differences among the various chemical

agents used in terrorist events, their effects, and

the decontamination and treatment procedures that

are necessary.

7. Determine the injuries associated with varyinglevels of radiation or chemical exposure and the

associated decontamination processes.


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1. LEVEL I: Local emergency response personnel and

organizations can contain and effectively manage the

disaster and its aftermath.

2. LEVEL II: Regional efforts and aid from surroundingcommunities are sufficient to manage the effects of

the disaster.

3. LEVEL III: Local and regional assets areoverwhelmed; statewide or federal assistance is

required. Control centers, and other local volunteer

organizations.


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1. ACTIVATION RESPONSE: The EOP activation response

of a health care facility should define where, how, and

when the response is initiated.2. INTERNAL / EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION PLAN:

Communication is critical for all parties involved, including

communication to and from the pre-hospital arena

3. PLAN FOR COORDINATED PATIENT CARE: A response

is planned for coordinated patient care into and out of the

facility, including transfers to other facilities.


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4. SECURITY PLANS: A coordinated security plan involving

facility and community agencies is key to the control of an

otherwise chaotic situation.5. IDENTIFICATION OF EXTERNAL RESOURCES:

External resources are identified, including local, state,

and federal resources and information about how to

activate these resources.6. PEOPLE MANAGEMENT AND TRAFFIC FLOW:

Peoplemanagement includes strategies to manage the

patients, the public, the media, and personnel.


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7. DATA MANAGEMENT STRATEGY: A data management

plan for every aspect of the disaster will save time at every

step.8. DEACTIVATION RESPONSE: Deactivation of the

response is as important as activation; resources should

not be overused.

9. POST-INCIDENT RESPONSE: Often facilities seeincreased volumes of patients up to 3 months after an

incident.


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10. PLAN FOR PRACTICE DRILLS: Practice drills that

include community participation allow for troubleshooting

any issues before a real-life incident occurs.11. ANTICIPATED RESOURCES: Food and water must be

available for staff, families, and others who may be at the

facility for an extended period.

12. MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT PLANNING: MCI planning

includes such issues as mass fatality and morgue

readiness.


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13. EDUCATIONAL PLAN FOR ALL OF THE ABOVE: A

strong educational plan for all personnel regarding each

step of the plan allows for improved readiness andadditional input for fine-tuning of the EOP.


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1. RATIONING CARE

2. FUTILE THERAPY

3. CONSENT

4. DUTY

5. CONFIDENTIALITY

6. RESUSCITATION7. ASSISTED SUICIDE


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1. DEPRESSION

2. ANXIETY

3. SOMATIZATION

4. POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

5. SUBSTANCE ABUSE

6. INTERPERSONAL CONFLICTS7. IMPAIRED PERFORMANCE


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The following are some general principles of awareness that

should raise suspicion:1. Beware of an unusual increase in the number of people

seeking care for fever or respiratory or gastrointestinal

complaints.

2. Take note of an unusual illness for the time of year.

Clusters of patients from a single location should raise

suspicion.

3. Clusters can be from a specific geographical location,such as a city, or from a single sporting or entertainment

event.


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The following are some general principles of awareness that

should raise suspicion:4. A large number of rapidly fatal cases should raise

suspicion, especially when death occurs within 72 hours

after hospital admission.

5. Any increase in disease incidence in a normally healthy

population should also raise suspicion. These cases

should be reported to the state health department


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Emergency and Disaster Preparedness in Nursing

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