Emergency Management Education: A Status Report
Body of Knowledge & Higher Education Program Report
Carol L. CwiakNorth Dakota State University
Many thanks to Dr. Blanchard and Barbara Johnson for all
they do for our community on a day-to-day basis!
Thank You!
Thank you members ofthe Hi Ed
Community for your
participation!
Methodology
Invitation to participate in the online survey sent via email to all institutions on the FEMA Hi Ed webpage offering emergency management programs
One survey per institution Up to four requests for participation Initial solicitation April 19…accepted surveys through May 28
Methodology
Institutions solicited 140
Responses received 58
Response rate 41%
Institution increase from 2009: + 11 Still issues with repetitively non-responsive
institutions – contacts need updating
Methodology
58 surveys completed, but response n varies
This presentation is merely a brief summary of this year’s data collection
The full report will be posted on the Hi Ed website in the Surveys section:
http://www.training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/surveys.asp
Students and Graduates7,730 Number of students that
graduated this year (extrapolated from response of 3,414/44%)
13,400 Number of students reached by EM
program courses - includes enrolled students (extrapolated from response of
5,494/41%)
2,029 Number of students that graduated this year (extrapolated from response of 832/41%)
11, 319 Number of students that have
graduated to-date from EM programs to date (current extrapolation added to 2009 figure of 9,290)
Students
60%40%
MalesFemales
n = 52
39%61%
NoYes
Employment Tracking
Number of programs that track what percentage of
their graduates have moved into
emergency management
oriented positions in the workplace in either the public or private sector
n = 57
24%
19%19%
38%19%
31%
34%
16%
0-25%
26-50%
51-75%
Morethan75%n = 32
Number of Graduates Who MoveInto EM-Oriented Positions
n = 21
Do not track employment Do track employment(estimated)
Programs Reported Doctoral
Concentration, 2Masters Concentration, 8
Doctoral, 5
Masters, 16
Bachelor, 14Grad Certificate, 12
Undergrad Concentration, 6
Associate, 14 Minor, 4
Undergrad Certificate, 25
106 programs reported
n=58
Programs –Years in Existence
25%
44%7%
24%
1 year or less
2-5 years
6-10 years
More than 10 years
51% of all reporting programs in existence for 5 years or less
New Programs
15 institutions reported plans to
develop a new program over the
next year
Types of new programs: M.S., A.S., Minor, Certificate Focus/Concentration/Emphasis
GIS, Meteorology, Search and RescueDisaster Mental HealthHomeland Security & Defense/TerrorismBusiness ContinuityPublic Policy Emergency Service
Going online with curriculum
Program Focus
66%
2%32% Public
PrivateOtherBoth
Global Business Continuity Public Health School Crisis Management Critical Infrastructure All EM markets – public/private
n = 53
Program Purpose
70%
13%17% Pre-employAdvanceBothOther
Existing EM practitioners seeking degree Military wanting to segue into field Non-profit sector/humanitarian assistance Undergrad focus - pre-employment/grad focus - advancement Advancement for fire and police chiefs
n = 54
Faculty Representation
Full-time Faculty
None 5% *1 41%2 22%3-10 32%
n = 37*
Part-time Faculty
None 8% 1 6%2-5 46%6-10 29%11-80 11%
Faculty Representation
n = 48
Associated Faculty
None 27% 1 15%2-5 46%6-10 8%11-50 4%
n = 26
Faculty Representation
Full-time Faculty Devoted to Program
None 37% 1 37%2 13%3 7%4-7 6%
n = 52
New Hires?
Did not attempt to hire 59%Attempted to hire, but did not hire 9%Hired new faculty 32%
17 institutions - 55 new hires Full-time 6 Part-time 49 Offering courses via distance ed 43
New Hires
n = 54
Programs Offering Distance Education
76%Yes
24%No
n = 54
Percentage of Offerings Available -Distance Education
n= 40
10%
28% 62%
100%50-99%1-49%
27%
15%
17%
41%100%50-99%1-49%0
Percentage of Offerings Available – Only via Distance Education
n= 41
29% of overall respondents reported all coursework was delivered only via distance education
Technology-based Instruction
n= 52
Technology Number ofInstitutions
TeachingGIS 28Hazus 16Web EOC/ Other web-based EOC system 22Social networking 19Media software 16Other (LMS, Blackboard, 2nd Life, Web Tycho) 8None 5
Enrollment and Graduation Trends
0
20
40
60
80
100
Enrollment -Past 3 years
Enrollment -Next 3 Years
Graduations -Past 3 Years
Graduations -Next 3 Years
Increase No Change Decrease
n = 53 n = 52 n = 50 n = 51
70%
23%
7%
77%
20%
3%
65%
31%
4%
76%
21%
3%
Principles of Emergency Management
Awareness
96%Yes
4%No
Utilization
88%Yes
12%No
n = 52 n = 52
Principles are used in varying degrees across a wide variety of courses, both as course content and to structure courses
Resource Utilization
020406080
100
Utilization
EMI ISPrototypeHi Ed
n = 52
56%
12%
46%
EMI IS Courses
97%
3%
Use as a supplement
Use alone
n = 29
Disaster Response Operations & Management (15) Principles & Practice of Hazard Mitigation (10) Social Dimensions of Disaster (9) Terrorism & Emergency Management (9) Hazard Mapping & Modeling (9) Principles & Practice of Emergency Management (8) NIMS (working draft) (8) Building Disaster Resilient Communities (7) Business & Industry Crisis Management (7) Public Administration & Emergency Management (7) Homeland Security & Emergency Management (7)
Hi Ed Courses
Hi Ed Courses - Accolades
Availability Free of charge Assignment ideas Concise, focused, useful, complete Good starting point & background
information Helpful for course design Can be used in parts - don’t need to use entire
courseContain relevant research & provide class
activities
Access & Support Indicators: External Funding
Access to external funding opportunities to support your program (e.g., grants, contracts, etc.)
n = 51
Access & Support Indicators: Institutional Funding
Access to institutional funding (e.g., stipends to develop courses/materials)
n = 51
Access & Support Indicators: Library Resources
Access to library resources (e.g., ability to obtain new holdings)
n = 51
Access & Support Indicators: Institutional Administrative Support
Institutional administrative support (e.g., support attempts to develop and implement new program ideas)
n = 51
Access & Support Indicators: Local EM Community Support
Local emergency management community support (e.g., county and regional)
n = 51
Access & Support Indicators: State EM Community Support
State emergency management community support (e.g., state level agency and state professional organization)
n = 50
Access & Support Indicators: National EM Community Support
National emergency management professional community support (e.g., IAEM, NEMA, EMPOWER, etc.)
n = 51
Access & Support Indicators: FEMA-specific Support
FEMA-specific support (e.g., Hi Ed Program, EMI, etc.)
n = 51
Access & Support Indicators: DHS-specific Support
DHS-specific support (e.g., overarching DHS programs & agencies within DHS other than FEMA-specific support)
n = 49
Table 2- Representation Across Program Level
Access/Support n MeanStd.
Deviation
Access to external funding opportunities to support your program(e.g., grants, contracts, etc.)
51 3.76 2.83
Access to institutional funding (e.g., stipends to develop courses/materials)
51 4.18 2.75
Access to library resources (e.g., ability to obtain new holdings)
51 7.75 1.97
Institutional administrative support (e.g., support attempts to develop & implement new program ideas)
51 6.04 2.77
Local emergency management community support (e.g., county and regional)
51 7.02 2.65
State emergency management community support (e.g., state-level agency & state professional organization)
50 5.92 2.86
National emergency management professional community support (e.g., IAEM, NEMA, EMPOWER, etc.)
51 5.16 2.61
FEMA-specific support (e.g., Higher Education Program, EMI, etc.)
51 6.80 2.55
DHS-specific support (e.g., overarching DHS programs & agencies within DHS other than FEMA-specific support)
49 4.08 2.60
The Top Challenges Facing Emergency Management Programs
1. Funding Programs, faculty, research, students, travel
2. Faculty Ph.D., qualified, higher quality, research ability
The Top Challenges Facing Emergency Management Programs
3. Jobs Limited number of jobs, build and maintain good job
market, stronger job placement
4. Enrollment/recruitment Higher quality students, better marketing, increased competition
Qualifications and Characteristics for Director of FEMA Hi Ed Program
Clone Dr. Blanchard Holds a Ph.D. Experience- academic: classroom & administrative Experience- practitioner and ties to the field Knowledge of the literature Dedication to EM Appreciation of the value of Hi Ed Fully committed to FEMA ideals Collaborative approach with partners Stakeholder awareness
Qualifications and Characteristics for Director of FEMA Hi Ed Program
Understanding of the private sector Understands FEMA & FEMA/DHS disconnect Leadership skills Advocacy for EM as a profession Big picture viewpoint Ability to do and understand research Evidence of scholarship Strong communication skills Change agent – progressive thinker Strong advisory relationship
Qualifications and Characteristics for Director of FEMA Hi Ed Program
Politically astute, but not a politician Charismatic, outgoing, enthusiastic, energetic Ability to move bureaucracies Ability to work with ambiguity
Body of Knowledge Methodology
Following up on Body of Knowledge from prior years
This year program POCs were surveyed as part of the Hi Ed survey
The survey instrument asked for the top ten EM “must reads”
Very limited responses
Body of Knowledge Methodology
20 responses received that actually listed books
Of these 20, only 1 respondent listed 10 items
Most respondents provided one to four selections
POC frame problematic – defer to faculty
List of top seven provides all readings that were mentioned more than three times
Practitioner List 2009 Academic List 2008 Practitioner List 2007 Academic List 2006
1 Principles of Emergency Management (Blanchard, et al.)
Emergency Planning (Perry & Lindell) Living with Hazards,Dealing with Disaster (Waugh)
Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Disasters in the U.S. (Mileti)
2 NIMS Introduction to Emergency Management(Haddow & Bullock)
Emergency Management:Principles and Practice for Local Government (Drabek & Hoetmer)
Introduction to Emergency Management(Haddow & Bullock)
3 NFPA 1600 Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Disasters in the U.S. (Mileti) Emergency Management: Concepts and Strategies for Effective Programs (Canton)
Emergency Management: The American Experience (Rubin)
Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Disasters in the U.S. (Mileti)
Facing the Unexpected: Disaster Preparedness and Response in the U.S. (Tierney, Lindell, Perry)
4 NRF* Introduction to Emergency Management (Lindell, Prater & Perry)
FEMA-IS 100/200 –ICS 300, 400 & 402
Living with Hazards,Dealing with Disaster (Waugh)
5 Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Disasters in the U.S. (Mileti)
The 9/11 Commission Report The 9/11 Commission Report The 9/11 Commission Report
6 Emergency Management: The American Experience (Rubin)
Emergency Management Principles and Practices for Local Government (Waugh & Tierney)
NIMS Disasters & Democracy (Platt)
7 Emergency Management:Principles and Practice for Local Government (Drabek & Hoetmer)*
Emergency Planning (Perry & Lindell)
At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability & Disasters (Wisner, et al.) Disaster Response and Recovery (McEntire)
Facing the Unexpected: Disaster Preparedness and Response in the U.S. (Tierney, Lindell, Perry)
Living with Hazards, Dealing with Disasters (Waugh)
NRF*
Technology in Emergency Management (Pine)
NRP* NIMS
Academic List 2010 Practitioner List 2009 Academic List 2008 Practitioner List 2007
1 Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Disasters in the U.S. (Mileti)
Principles of Emergency Management (Blanchard, et al.)
Emergency Planning (Perry & Lindell) Living with Hazards,Dealing with Disaster (Waugh)
2 Introduction to Emergency Management(Lindell, Prater & Perry)
NIMS Introduction to Emergency Management(Haddow & Bullock)
Emergency Management:Principles and Practice for Local Government (Drabek & Hoetmer)
3 Facing the Unexpected: Disaster Preparedness and Response in the U.S. (Tierney, Lindell, Perry)
NFPA 1600 Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Disasters in the U.S. (Mileti) Emergency Management: Concepts and Strategies for Effective Programs (Canton)
Emergency Management: The American Experience (Rubin)
Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Disasters in the U.S. (Mileti)
4 Emergency Management: The American Experience (Rubin)
NRF* Introduction to Emergency Management (Lindell, Prater & Perry)
FEMA-IS 100/200 –ICS 300, 400 & 402
5 Disaster Policy & Politics (Sylves) Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Disasters in the U.S. (Mileti)
The 9/11 Commission Report The 9/11 Commission Report
6 Emergency Management: Concepts and Strategies for Effective Programs (Canton)
Emergency Management: The American Experience (Rubin)
Emergency Management Principles and Practices for Local Government (Waugh & Tierney)
NIMS
7 Worst Cases (Clarke)
Emergency Planning (Perry & Lindell)
Emergency Management:Principles and Practice for Local Government (Drabek & Hoetmer)*
Emergency Planning (Perry & Lindell)
At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability & Disasters (Wisner, et al.) Disaster Response and Recovery (McEntire)
Facing the Unexpected: Disaster Preparedness and Response in the U.S. (Tierney, Lindell, Perry)
Living with Hazards, Dealing with Disasters (Waugh)
NRF*
Technology in Emergency Management (Pine)
NRP*
Calls, letters, emails, visits, gifts…
Carol L. Cwiak, J.D., Ph.D.Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Emergency ManagementNorth Dakota State UniversityNDSU Dept. 2350P.O. Box 6050Fargo, ND 58108-6050(701) [email protected]/ndsu/em