Emergency Management Procedures Manual - Belyuen Shire€¦ · Web viewI am pleased to present to...

Creating a Safer CommunityB e l y u e n C o m m u n i t y G o v e r n m e n t

C o u n c i l N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 9

THIRD EDITION

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES MANUAL

FORWARD

I am pleased to present to the Belyuen Community Government Council and Community Members the third edition of the Emergency Management Procedures Manual.

This manual provides the Emergency Management Committee and Major Disaster Response Team with set procedures for the management of natural and or manmade disasters which have the potential to harm property and life.

Several additions to this manual include tsunami, earthquakes and further information on disasters. This information has been sought from several organisations such as the Northern Territory Emergency Services, Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Service, Bureau of Meteorology, Emergency Management Australia and Geoscience Australia.

The manual replaces the second edition (2006). Some changes were required to this manual, as in January 2007 Belyuen had experienced their first cyclone in several years. Tropical Cyclone Helen was only a category two and once on mainland was downgraded to a tropical low. The Belyuen Community felt the effects, with: no power and fresh drinking water; no communications to the outside world; and, little to no assistance from emergency services. The Management Committee and Community now know that they are on their own and must be self-sufficient.

Cyclone Helen had taken the community by surprise. For a number of years with cyclone watches and warnings no cyclones actually reached the Belyuen Community. But now the community understands the importance of being prepared.

Other changes to the manual include titles being changed, and the introduction of the Belyuen Community Night Patrol and Community Emergency Survival Kits.

I would like to particularly thank Kenton Winsley for sharing his wealth of knowledge in emergency planning and Mark Perejuan, Steven Brown, Leanne Twomey and Geoff Hutchinson who assisted with the final drafting of the Plan.

Yours Sincerely

Cathy WinsleyChief Executive OfficerBelyuen Community Government Council

2 | P a g e Belyuen Community Government Council Emergency Management Procedures ManualCopyright 2009

ContentsIntroduction 4

Emergency Contact Directory 6

Emergency Management Committee 8

Disaster Response Team 11

Emergency Warning System 14

Tropical Cyclones Bureau of Meteorology 15 Cyclone Watch 26 Cyclone Warning 29 Imminent Threat 32 Post Cyclone 35

Severe Storms 38 Action Guide Northern Territory Emergency Services

Structure Fires 42 Basic Fire Awareness and Safety Guide Northern Territory Fire and Rescue

Service

Earthquakes 56 Action Guide Northern Territory Emergency Services

Tsunami 59 Action Guide Bureau of Meteorology and Geoscience Australia

Appendix 63 Radio Operating Procedures 63 Personal Protective Equipment 66 Emergency Survival Kits (Community Houses) 67 Is your house safe in a cyclone? ___________

Is your house prepared for a cyclone? Improving the safety offered by your home in a cyclone Northern Territory Arrangements Legislation 68 States of Disaster and Emergency Information 70 Night Patrol External Cyclone Plan 72 Belyuen Community Health Centre – Remote Health Cyclone Plan Cyclone plan for Government Business Managers 77 Risk Assessment Guide – Belyuen 79

Reference 80


Introduction

The purpose of this manual is to provide Belyuen Community with guidelines and procedures for the management of natural and or manmade disasters which have the potential to cause harm to life and or property.

This manual is has been prepared by the Belyuen Community Government Council in conjunction with the guidelines and advice from:

Northern Territory Emergency Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes) Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes) Northern Territory Police (www.nt.gov.au/pfes) Department of Health and Families (www.health.nt.gov.au) Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology (www.bom.gov.au) Emergency Management Australia (www.ema.gov.au) Geoscience Australia (www.ga.gov.au) St John Ambulance NT Inc (www.stjohnnt.org.au)

Community Description:Belyuen Community has a population of approximately 200 people and is surrounded by bush land.

Council Area:The Belyuen Community Government Council area comprises 4091 hectares of land at Belyuen, being section twenty hundred of Bray.

Belyuen Council:Belyuen Council is a Local Government Council and provides core local government services as well as a number of non core services typical of an Indigenous Community Council.For more information on Belyuen Council go to website: www.nt.gov/shirenet/belyuen/

Delissaville Social Club:Belyuen Store operation hours are as follows:Monday to Friday – 0800-1700Saturday – 0800-1200

Sunday – ClosedUnleaded and Diesel are available.

Belyuen Primary School:School is from preschool – year 6

Belyuen Community Health Centre:Providing primary health care and after hours emergency care


http://www.stjohnnt.org.au/

http://www.ga.gov.au/

http://www.ema.gov.au/

http://www.bom.gov.au/

http://www.health.nt.gov.au/

http://www.nt.gov.au/pfes



Aerodrome DescriptionDelissaville Aerodrome is 1.8km south west of the Belyuen Community along a sealed road. The land on which the aerodrome is sited is forested.

The aerodrome is used by charter aircraft, flying training aircraft and Aerial Medical aircraft.

Primary Runway – south east North West direction 12/30 has natural surface pavement857 x 30 metres, contained by a graded runway strip of 977 x 90 metres delineated by white painted ½ 250 litre drums as g

Acknowledgements Cathy WinsleyTeresa TimberMark PerejuanLeanne TwomeyKenton WinsleyLeslie NilcoMark Bil Bil

Steven BrownTimothy WebJohn SampsonGlenn CastillanRobert CaddiesJohn McLeanGeoffrey Hutchison

Northern Territory Emergency Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes) Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)Northern Territory Police (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)Department of Health and Families (www.health.nt.gov.au) Department of Education and Training (www.det.nt.gov.au) Bureau of Meteorology (www.bom.gov.au)Emergency Management Australia (www.ema.gov.au) Geoscience Australia (www.ga.gov.au) Queensland Government State Emergency Services (www.emergency.qld.gov.au)

The Belyuen Community Government Council and the Emergency Management Committee would like to acknowledge the continuing support from St John Ambulance NT Inc who provides an ambulance including a paramedic (Kenton Winsley)

Disclaimer: this manual is only for Belyuen Community Government Council. People living outside the Belyuen Community must seek advice from Northern Territory Emergency Service or the Northern Territory Police before acting on the material in this manual.


http://www.emergency.qld.gov.au/




http://www.det.nt.gov.au/





Emergency Contact Directory

Police, Fire, Ambulance and Emergency Services 000

Police non urgent 131 444Palmerston 8999 3422Humpty Doo 8988 0200

Power and Water Corporation (Emergency 24hr) 1800 245 090

Bureau of Meteorology (Cyclone Warnings) 1300 659 211(Other Warnings) 1300 659 214

Australian Search & Rescue Co-ordination Centre(Maritime) 1800 641 792(Aviation) 1800 815 257

National Security Hotline 1800 123 400

Emergency Animal Disease Watch 1800 675 888

Pollution Hotline 1800 064 567

NT Health Direct 1800 186 026

Poisons Information Centre 13 11 26

Royal Darwin Hospital 8922 8888

Customs Watch Hotline 1800 061 800

Australian Red Cross 1800 811 700

Life Line Australia 13 11 14

Wildlife Rescue Darwin 0409 090 840

Belyuen Community Government Council 89785071

Belyuen Community Health Centre 89785023

Belyuen Primary School 89785085

Belyuen Community Store 89785078

Belyuen Community – Imabulk Centre 89785140


Belyuen Community – Workshop 89785420Emergency Contact Directory contd.

Cathy Winsley (Business Hours) 89785071Chief Executive Officer (After Hours) 89785493

Teresa Timber (Business Hours) 89785071Community Liaison Officer

Mark Perejuan (Business Hours) 89785420Mechanic / Essential Service Officer (After Hours) 0409100444Aerodrome Reporting Officer

Kenton Winsley (Business Hours) 0400103227Paramedic / Aboriginal Health Worker (After Hours) 89785493Community Liaison Officer (Ambulance) 89221503

(RDH) 89228888(Government) 89995511

John Sampson (Business Hours) 89351200Belyuen Community Night Patrol (After Hours) 0447800960

(Sat Phone) 0424213293

Leslie Nilco (Business Hours) 89785071Community Liaison Officer (After Hours) 89785415

Geoff Hutchison (Business Hours) 89785023Belyuen Community Health Centre Manager (After Hours) 89785023

Leanne Twomey (Business Hours) 89785140Aged Care Coordinator (After Hours) 0409100444

Glenn Castillon (Business Hours) 0281978174Government Business Manager 0281978173

(Sat Phone) 04147142983(After Hours) 89785288

0418687604

Steven Brown..................................................... (Business Hours) 0488987975CDEP Supervisor (After hours) 0417817525 (Mini bus) 0407325957


Emergency Management Committee

The Emergency Management Committee was created to develop emergency management procedures for natural or manmade disasters. The guidelines developed are in accordance with best practice guidelines from:

Northern Territory Emergency Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes) Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes) Northern Territory Police (www.nt.gov.au/pfes) Department of Health and Families (www.health.nt.gov.au) Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology (www.bom.gov.au) Emergency Management Australia (www.ema.gov.au) Geoscience Australia (www.ga.gov.au)

The Emergency Management Committee has taken guidelines from the above agencies and has tailored the guidelines for Belyuen Community.

The Emergency Management Committee is coordinated by the Chief Executive Officer.

The Emergency Management Committee will activate the Disaster Response Team.

Each year the Emergency Management Committee must allocate members for Disaster Response Team whom the Belyuen Community Government Council and the Emergency Management Committee deem fit to undertake the roles.

(A) The Emergency Management Committee comprises of the following

Chief Executive Officer Community Liaison Officers Essential Service Officers CDEP Supervisor Delissaville Community Store Manager Aged Care Coordinator Belyuen Community Health Centre Belyuen Primary School Yilli Rreung Housing Aboriginal Corporation Housing Manager









(B) The Role of the Emergency Management Committee Meet twice a year to review and update procedures when necessary Manage the Disaster Response Team Deal with emergencies as they arise Organise training Advise Belyuen Council of any changes to the Emergency Procedures Manual Organise a community clean up day, yearly


Emergency Management Committee Activation Guide

Chief Executive

Officer

Com

munity

Liaison Officers

CD

EP Supervisors

Essential Service O

fficers

Delissaville

Store Manager

Belyuen

Com

munity

Health C

entre

Belyuen

Com

munity

Primary School

Yilli

Rreung

Housing

Manager

Aged

C

are C

oordinator

Cyclone (Watch)Cyclone (Warning)Cyclone(Imminent)Cyclone(Post)Structure FireSevere Storms

Disaster Response Team Activation GuideC

hief Executive O

fficer

Com

munity

Liaison Officers

CD

EP Supervisors

Essential Service O

fficers

Belyuen

N

ight Patrol

Belyuen

Com

munity

Health C

entre

Response

Personnel

Yilli

Rreung

Housing

Manager

Aged

C

are C

oordinator

Cyclone (Watch)Cyclone (Warning)Cyclone(Imminent)Cyclone(Post)Structure FireSevere Storms


Disaster Response TeamThe role of the Disaster Response Team is to implement this manual and be on the front line of defence for the Community.Persons may hold a position on both Emergency Management Committee and the Disaster Response Team.

(A) Disaster Response Team comprises of the following: Community Liaison Officers Chief Executive Officer Response Personnel Essential Services CDEP Supervisor Belyuen Community Health Centre Belyuen Community Night Patrol Aged Care Coordinator Yilli Rreung Housing Aboriginal Corporation Housing Manager


(B) The Role of the Disaster Response Team Implement guidelines set by the Emergency Management Committee Deal with emergencies as they arise Receive information from the Emergency Management Committee

(C) Delegated Roles

Chief Executive OfficerThe role of the Chief Executive Officer is to oversee the Disaster Response Team in accordance with this manual. The Chief Executive Officer is to:

Activate the Disaster Response Team as per activation guide Inform relevant authorities as per activation guide

Community Liaison OfficersThe role of the Community Liaison Officers is to liaise with Community Members and the Disaster Response Team.

Direct support to Chief Executive Officer Provide regular updates relating to disaster Maintain a completed community profile Provide support to the community Liaise with Belyuen Community Night Patrol, Belyuen Community Health

Centre and Delissaville Community Store

Essential ServicesThe Essential Service team have a large role throughout the manual. The Essential Service will receive support and assistance from all available personnel.

The roles of the Essential Services are: Coordinate the Response Personnel Direct the CDEP Supervisor Maintain emergency equipment and supplies Prepare the community for the disaster Maintain power, water and sewage Maintain airstrip

Response Personnel and CDEP Supervisor Carry out task as directed by the Essential Service Officer Maintain emergency equipment and supplies Maintain readiness for potential disasters


Disaster Response Team


Emergency Warning System

An emergency warning system has been developed to provide the community with a warning sound, that during an imminent threat of a cyclone, community members need to take shelter. Allocation of where to take shelter will be discussed with the community during a cyclone warning period.

During a cyclone warning, a Community Liaison Officer will discuss possible shelters and inform community members that once the emergency warning systems has been activated community members need to take shelter.

The emergency warning system will continue to sound until the power is disconnected, if power failure occurs before the standard warning system can be activated then the megaphone siren will be activated.

The Emergency Warning Siren must only be used for:

Cyclone Shelter

Persons authorised to activate the Emergency Warning Siren: Chief Executive Officer and or their delegate.

The Emergency Management Committee must maintain the Emergency Warning System yearly; it must be stored in a safe area, but available to the Emergency Management Committee.


Tropical Cyclones


Tropical Cyclone Information – Bureau of MeteorologyWhat is a Tropical Cyclone?

Tropical Cyclones are low pressure systems that form over warm tropical waters and have gale force winds (sustained winds of 63 km/h or greater and gusts in excess of 90 km/h) near the centre. Technically they are defined as a non-frontal low pressure system of synoptic scale developing over warm waters having organised convection and a maximum mean wind speed of 34 knots or greater extending more than half-way around near the centre and persisting for at least six hours.The gale force winds can extend hundreds of kilometres from the cyclone centre. If the sustained winds around the centre reach 118 km/h (gusts in excess 165 km/h) then the system is called a severe tropical cyclone. These are referred to as hurricanes or typhoons in other countries.

The circular eye or centre of a tropical cyclone is an area characterised by light winds and often by clear skies. Eye diameters are typically 40 km but can range from under 10 km to over 100 km. The eye is surrounded by a dense ring of cloud about 16 km high known as the eye wall which marks the belt of strongest winds and heaviest rainfall.

Tropical cyclones derive their energy from the warm tropical oceans and do not form unless the sea-surface temperature is above 26.5°C, although once formed, they can persist over lower sea-surface temperatures. Tropical cyclones can persist for many days and may follow quite erratic paths. They usually dissipate over land or colder oceans.Most of the northern coastline of Australia is covered by the Bureau's weather radar network

Cyclone danger and impacts

Tropical Cyclones are dangerous because they produce destructive winds, heavy rainfall with flooding and damaging storm surges that can cause inundation of low-

lying coastal areas.

Cyclones have wind gusts in excess of 90 km/h around their centres and, in the most severe cyclones; gusts can exceed 280 km/h. These very destructive winds can cause extensive property damage and turn airborne debris into potentially lethal missiles. It is important to remember that, during the passage of the cyclone centre or eye, there will be a temporary lull in the wind, but that this will soon be replaced by destructive winds from another direction.


Heavy rainfall associated with the passage of a tropical cyclone can produce extensive flooding. This can cause further damage and death by drowning. The heavy rain can persist as the cyclone moves inland and decays, hence flooding due to a decayed cyclone can occur a long way from the tropical coast as the remains of a cyclone move into central and southern parts of the continent.The destructive winds accompanying tropical cyclones also produce phenomenal seas, which are dangerous both for vessels out at sea and those moored in harbours. These seas can also cause serious erosion of foreshores.

Storm surge and tides

Potentially, the most destructive phenomenon associated with tropical cyclones that make landfall is the storm surge. Storm surge is a raised dome of water about 60 to 80 km across and typically about 2 to 5 m higher than the normal tide level. If the surge occurs at the same time as a high tide then the area inundated can be quite extensive, particularly along low-lying coastlines.

Tropical cyclone severity categoriesThe severity of a tropical cyclone is described in terms of categories ranging from 1 to 5 related to the zone of maximum winds. An estimate of cyclone severity is included in all tropical advices. Remember that the Warning Service is not designed to give an exact statement of conditions at individual locations but will give a general idea of the expected worst conditions. Using this severity scale, communities will be able to assess the degree of cyclone threat and take appropriate action. Damage will vary depending upon factors such as: How far you are from the zone of maximum winds; How exposed the location is; Building standards; Vegetation type; and Resultant flooding.


http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/tc_ingrid/school.shtm%00%E5%A1%B9%EF%92%81%E1%B4%BB%E4%A1%BF%E2%B2%AF%E5%B6%82%E8%97%84%E6%8C%A7%00%00%EA%AE%A5

The category does not refer to the amount of flooding or storm tides. If a storm tide is expected it will be mentioned separately in the cyclone warning.Category Strongest gust (km/h) Typical effects 1 Tropical Cyclone Less than 125 km/h

GalesMinimal house damage. Damage to some crops, trees and caravans. Boats may drag moorings.

2 Tropical Cyclone 125-164km/hDestructive winds

Minor house damage. Significant damage to signs, trees and caravans. Heavy damage to some crops. Risk of power failure. Small boats may break moorings.

3 Severe Tropical Cyclone 165-224km/h Very destructive winds

Some roof and structural damage. Some caravans destroyed. Power failure likely.

4 Severe Tropical Cyclone 225-279km/h Very destructive winds

Significant roofing and structural damage. Many caravans destroyed and blown away. Dangerous airborne debris. Widespread power failures.

5 Severe Tropical Cyclone More than 280 km/h Extremely destructive winds

Extremely dangerous with widespread destruction.


Tropical Cyclone IntensityTropical cyclone intensity is defined by the maximum mean wind speed over open flat land or water. This is sometimes referred to as the maximum sustained wind and will be experienced around the eye-wall of the cyclone.

Mean Winds and Gusts

Mean Wind: In most of the world the mean wind speed is defined as the wind speed averaged over a period of 10 minutes. It should be measured at 10 m above the surface. The major exception is the USA where they use a 1-minute average.

Wind Gust: In most of the world the wind gust speed is defined as the wind speed averaged over 2 or 3 seconds (in Australia we use 3 seconds). Typically gusts over open land will be about 40% greater than the mean wind and gusts over the ocean will be 25 - 30% greater than the mean wind. It is often the stronger gusts that cause the most significant damage to buildingsWhile a cyclone advice may refer to a certain maximum sustained wind or gust, there will be localised points where the winds will exceed this value, particularly in gullies, about ridges and between buildings where winds can be funnelled by the landscape.

Bureau of Meteorology: Tropical Cyclone Advices (Warning & Watch)Introduction Tropical Cyclone Advices are issued whenever a tropical cyclone is expected to cause winds in excess of 62km/h (gale force) over land in Australia*. A tropical cyclone advice may be a watch and/or a warning, depending on when and where the gales are expected to develop.


http://www.bom.gov.au/catalogue/warnings/WarningsInformation_TC_Advice.shtml#QR

When is a Tropical Cyclone Advice Issued? A tropical cyclone watch is issued for coastal communities when the onset of

gales is expected within 48 hours, but not within 24 hours. A tropical cyclone warning is issued for coastal communities when the onset

of gales is expected within 24 hours, or are already occurring Each advice issued for a particular cyclone will be numbered sequentially, starting at number 1 for the first advice. A tropical cyclone advice may contain a combined watch and warning, that is it will provide information on the area under watch status and the area under warning status

How often is a Tropical Cyclone Advice issued? While the threat remains, a tropical cyclone advice will be issued every six hours, increasing to every three hours when cyclone warnings are required. In some circumstances, when a cyclone approaching the coast is under radar surveillance, the advices may be issued hourly.

What information is included in the Tropical Cyclone Advice? Each Tropical Cyclone Advice will consist of the following information:

The area covered by a cyclone watch and area covered by a cyclone warning The cyclone name The intensity category of the cyclone (1-weak to 5-strong) The latest observed location of the cyclone centre The central pressure of the cyclone (warning only) The distance of the cyclone to significant locations The expected or recent movement of the cyclone Range of destructive winds Maximum wind gusts Advisory statements on actions to

be taken to mitigate the effects of the cyclone (note this is issued separately for the NT and Kimberley)

The issue time for the next warning Usually, each advice will have an associated threat map issued.

Who is the target audience of Tropical Cyclone Advices? All land based communities in the threat zone. Note that separate marine warnings will be issued, and all mariners should refer to these warnings for relevant information.

Where are Tropical Cyclone Advices Issued? Tropical Cyclone Advices are issued by Regional Offices of the Bureau of Meteorology in Brisbane, Darwin or Perth, depending on the location of the cyclone:


http://www.bom.gov.au/catalogue/warnings/WarningsInformation_TC_Ed.shtml#Cat

http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/nt/house_damage.shtm%00%E5%A1%B9%EF%92%81%E1%B4%BB%E4%A1%BF%E2%B2%AF%E5%B6%82%E8%97%84%E6%8C%A7%00%00%EA%AE%A5

SAMPLE TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE – ISSUED BY THE BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY

IDW24100BUREAU OF METEOROLOGYWESTERN AUSTRALIAN REGIONAL OFFICE

Transmitters serving the Onslow and Barrow Island areas are requested to sound the Standard Emergency Warning Signal before broadcasting the following warning.

TOP PRIORITYTROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE NUMBER 24Issued at 11:55 pm WST on Sunday, 29 February 2004BY THE BUREAU OF METEOROLOGYTROPICAL CYCLONE WARNING CENTRE PERTH A CYCLONE WARNING for a SEVERE CATEGORY 4 CYCLONE is now current for coastal areas between Roebourne and Exmouth. A CYCLONE WATCH extends south to Coral Bay and includes adjacent inland parts of the western Pilbara. At midnight WST SEVERE TROPICAL CYCLONE MONTY was estimated to be185 kilometres west northwest of Karratha and 170 kilometres north of Onslow and moving southwest at 10 kilometres per hour.Severe Tropical Cyclone Monty is expected to cross the coast in the vicinity of Onslow during Monday. Gales with gusts to 125 kilometres per hour are likely in coastal communities between Roebourne and Onslow extending to Exmouth during the day.Very destructive winds with gusts to 250 kilometres per hour are likely to develop at Barrow Island tonight and in the vicinity of Onslow during Monday. Residents of Onslow are specifically warned of the potential of a very dangerous storm tide as the cyclone centre approaches the coast. Tides are likely to rise significantly above the normal high tide mark with very dangerous flooding, damaging waves and strong currents. Widespread heavy rain and further flooding are likely in western parts of the Pilbara Gascoyne over the next few days.

Details of Severe Tropical Cyclone Monty at midnight WST. Location of centre: within 20 kilometres of Latitude 20.1 South Longitude 115.2

East. Recent movement: southwest at 10 kilometres per hour. Central Pressure: 935 hPa. Maximum wind gusts: 250 kilometres per hour. Severity Category : 4


CYCLONE TRACY, CHRISTMAS 1974The year 1974 started with tropical cyclone Wanda bringing torrential rain and flooding to Brisbane. It ended with another major Australian population centre being devastated by a cyclone. If Maitland epitomised flooding in Australia, and Ash Wednesday or Black Friday, bushfires, then Tracy comes most readily to Australian minds when cyclones are mentioned.

By world standards, Tracy was a small but intense tropical cyclone at landfall, the radius of gale force winds being only about 50 km. The central pressure of 950 hPa was close to the average for such systems, but the winds were unusually strong. The anemometer at Darwin Airport recorded a gust of 217 km/h before the instrument was destroyed.

Tracy was first detected as a depression in the Arafura Sea on 20 December 1974. It moved slowly southwest and intensified, passing close to Bathurst Island on the 23rd and 24th. Then it turned sharply east-south-eastward, and headed straight at Darwin, striking the city early on Christmas Day. Warnings were issued, but - perhaps because it was Christmas Eve, and perhaps because no severe cyclone had affected Darwin in many years - many residents were caught unprepared. But even had there been perfect compliance, the combination of extremely powerful winds, and the loose design of many buildings at that time, was such that wholesale destruction was probably inevitable anyway. Forty-nine people were killed in the city

and a further 16 perished at sea. The entire fabric of life in Darwin was catastrophically disrupted, with the majority of buildings being totally destroyed or badly damaged, and very few escaping unscathed. The total damage bill ran into hundreds of millions of dollars.

The devastation inflicted on Darwin by cyclone Tracy in December 1974. (Photo courtesy of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade)

As usual in such disasters, many communication links failed, but enough survived to let the world know of the catastrophe, and relief measures were soon under way. An airlift involving both civilian and military aircraft was swiftly organised, while many residents chose to drive out. Within several weeks, three-quarters of Darwin's population had left.This was not the first time Darwin had been severely damaged by a cyclone: it was badly mauled in both January 1897 and March 1937. But as a result of Tracy, much more attention was given to building codes and other social aspects of disaster


planning. Darwin was rebuilt and now thrives as one of our most important gateways to Asia.

The route tropical cyclone Tracy took, arriving in Darwin early on Christmas Day, 1974. Each date indicates the position of 10am local time.

This information including images is taken from the Bureau of Meteorology website; refer to www.bom.gov.au for further information or advice of tropical cyclones.



Shelters in the Northern TerritoryA good cyclone survival plan includes knowing where you and your family and pets will shelter.

SHELTERING AT HOME

Since cyclone Tracy building codes have required buildings in cyclone prone areas to incorporate cyclone resistant construction. Buildings that comply with the Building Code of Australia are generally referred to as being ‘built to code’.If your house has been built to code and has been well maintained you can shelter at home. If your house is not to code you should consider sheltering with family or friends who have a house built to code.When sheltering in any home it is important to use the strongest, most protected part of the house. This is usually the smallest room in the house.

POINTS TO REMEMBER: Small rooms are generally stronger than larger rooms Central hallways might give greater protection because they are surrounded

by the rest of the house Rooms with few or small windows are better than those with large windows Solid doors with additional securing bolts give greater security than standard

doors Metal screens or solid shutters give added protection against flying debris

WHEN PREPARING YOUR HOME: AND SHELTER AREA

Wide masking tape over glass windows in a cross (x) - including closed, locked louvers

Take down pictures and valuables from walls and shelving Place valuables and precious items in strong water proof garbage bags and

tape up Prepare your shelter area with mattresses, blankets, pillows, emergency kit

with radio, items to keep everyone occupied, and disposal options if you have pets with you in the shelter

EVACUATION INLANDIf you choose to evacuate, you should leave early.

POINTS TO REMEMBER: Evacuate well before strong winds affect your area Allow time to secure and protect you property You may need to sustain yourself and your family for a few days, so be

prepared Listen to radio broadcasts and only return when the all clear is given Advise friends of plans and confirm your safe return


EMERGENCY SHELTERSEmergency shelters are unique to the Northern Territory and are a direct legacy of cyclone Tracy. Following cyclone Tracy selected buildings were repaired and upgraded by the Government so they could be used as emergency shelter facilities during the rebuilding of Darwin. Shelters have continued to be provided for residents who are at risk from STORM SURGE or live in caravan parks or other non-coded homes.

POINTS TO REMEMBER: They have a limited capacity and do not guarantee safety in all circumstances They do not allow animals They are mainly staffed by voluntary personnel with a police and medical

presence They do not provide meals or special baby needs They might become welfare assembly centres after the cyclone They are used at your own risk - the Northern Territory Government accepts no liability for

any loss, injury or death arising from the use by the public during a cyclone. Note: A number of underground car parks have been identified as places where residents can shelter in their cars with their pets provided the pets are properly restrained. These car parks were built to code but they are not designed as emergency shelters. They do not have supporting staff, are not fully enclosed and do not have debris screens.

Location Details for Emergency Cyclone Shelters:Supreme Court Building The Esplanade, Darwin NT Casuarina Senior College 61 Trower Road, Moil Nightcliff High School 90 Aralia Street, NightcliffDripstone High School 326 Trower Road, TiwiPalmerston High School Tilston Avenue, Driver, PalmerstonGirraween Primary School Carruth Road, GirraweenTaminmin High School Challoner Circuit, Humpty DooCox Peninsula Community Government Council Office

Lot 62, Wagait Tower Road, Wagait Beach

Location Details for Underground Cark Park / SheltersCasuarina Square Shopping Centre 247 Trower Road, Casuarina Palmerston Shopping Centre Temple Terrace, PalmerstonPalmerston Hub Complex 3 Maluka Street, PalmerstonThe Holiday Inn Esplanade 116 The Esplanade, Darwin


Cyclone

Watch


A tropical cyclone watch will be issued by the Bureau of Meteorology when a tropical cyclone is expected to cause winds greater then 62km/h (gale force) over land. The cyclone watch will be issued for coastal communities when gale force winds are expected within 48hours.

Once a tropical cyclone watch has been issued the Chief Executive Officer will activate the Emergency Management Committee, as per the activation chart.

The Emergency Management Committee will meet at the Belyuen Community Government Council Training Centre.

Committee Members will provide their area of responsibility up dates and further instructions.

The Emergency Management Committee Chief Executive Officer Community Liaison Officers Essential Service Officers CDEP Supervisors Aged and Family Service Belyuen Community Health Centre Belyuen Primary School

Chief Executive Officer: Provide the Emergency Management Committee with the latest weather

warning (cyclone watch) advice issued by the Bureau of Meteorology Advise Council employees Advise Council employees to secure workplace documents and back-up data

on all computers Co-ordinate the Emergency Response Team

Community Liaison Officers Provide direct support to the Chief Executive Officer Complete a community profile – including house numbers, number of people

and who is staying in the house (provide a copy to the health centre and Chief Executive Officer)

Advise community members of the cyclone watch Assist community members in preparing their homes and family Provide information to community members on what needs to be prepared

(refer to ‘preparing your home for a cyclone’)

Essential Service Liaise and report to the Chief Executive Officer Direct CDEP Supervisor to undertake task as required Manage the Response Personnel Remove or tie down any objects within community that could become a

missile or cause damage Manually operate bores to fill up all water storage tanks


Ensure sufficient chlorine stock Start & run back up water transfer pump Ensure all water & fuel hand pumps are operational Ensure all water sampling points are operational Check stock of spare vehicle batteries Assess and maintain emergency equipment required post cyclone

Aged Care Coordinator Liaise with Chief Executive Officer Advise employees of cyclone watch Advise all clients of cyclone watch Discuss with live-in clients on where they will stay, advise Community Liaison

Officer for community profile up date (Childcare) send all children home and secure centre (suspend services until

further notice) Secure women centre (suspend services until further notice)

Belyuen Community Night Patrol Liaise directly with the Community Liaison Officer Relocate Belyuen members from Mandorah and outlying areas back to the

community Follow their Organisations Cyclone Management Guidelines (appendix )

Belyuen Primary SchoolThe Belyuen Primary School is under the Department of Education. The Department will advise the School Principle on Department policies for managing cyclone watch. Student will be sent home, until further notice by the Department of Education.

The role of the School will be to assist in community preparedness.

Belyuen Community Health CentreThe Belyuen Community Health Centre is under the Department of Health and Families. The Department will advise the Health Centre on Department policies for managing cyclone watch.

The role of the Health Centre will be to assist in community preparedness.


Cyclone Warning


A tropical cyclone warning will be issued by the Bureau of Meteorology when a tropical cyclone is expected to cause winds greater then 62km/h (gale force) over land. The cyclone warning will be issued for coastal communities when gale force winds are expected within 24hours.

Once a tropical cyclone warning has been issued the Chief Executive Officer will activate the Emergency Management Committee, as per the activation chart.


Committee Members will provide their area of responsibility with updated information and further instructions.

ALL NON ESSENTIAL SERVICES WILL BE SUSPENDED UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE.

The Emergency Management Committee Chief Executive Officer Community Members Essential Service Officers CDEP Supervisors Aged Care Coordinator Belyuen Community Health Centre Delissaville Community Store Manager


warning (cyclone watch) advice issued by the Bureau of Meteorology Advise Council employees Advise Council employees to secure workplace documents and back-up data


Community Liaison Officers Provide direct support to the Chief Executive Officer Complete an updated community profile – including house numbers, number

of people and who is staying in the house (provide a copy to the health centre and Chief Executive Officer)

Advise community members of the cyclone warning Assist community members in preparing their homes and family Provide information to community members on what needs to be prepared Advise community members that once they hear the emergency warning siren

they must take shelter and not go outside.


Essential Service Liaise and report to the Chief Executive Officer Direct CDEP Supervisor to undertake task as required Manage the Response Personnel Remove or tie down any objects within community that could become a

missile or cause damage Allocate tasks to the Major Disaster Response Team Ensure all relevant documentation plans & manuals are stored in a safe

location to be available for post cyclone use. Ensure all water storage facilities are full Fill up spare fuel drums and secure in a safe place Secure all emergency equipment in safe and dry place Check that all relevant personnel are equipped with ample quantities of

disinfectant, soap and rubber gloves

Aged Care Coordinator Liaise with Chief Executive Officer Advise employees of cyclone warning Advise all clients of cyclone warning Relocate all live-in clients to allocated family members and advise the

Community Liaison Officer for community profile up date Secure any cooking utensils, which could be used post cyclone


community Advise Community Liaison Officer of any community members who are

refusing to return to the community or persons who cannot be located for update on the community profile.

Common Task for all service personnel and council services Fill up any water containers and secure in a safe and dry place Secure any council assets including documents in a safe and dry place Fill all vehicles and secure in a safe place (protect windows) Turn off power to buildings and lock all doors (when leaving) Secure building as best as possible, remembering to leave one window open

to assist with pressure build up, which may cause more damage to the building


Tip: When filling up water containers also fill up bathtubs and boats

ImminentThreat


Safety First

Personnel must wear their personal

protective equipment

When an imminent threat has been declared by the Bureau of Meteorology the tropical cyclone is expected to affect the community within 6-12hours.

Once an imminent threat is declared the Chief Executive Officer will active the Emergency Management Committee, as per the activation chart.



ALL NON ESSENTIAL SERVICES SHOULD HAVE BEEN SUSPENDED.

The Emergency Management Committee Chief Executive Officer Community Members Essential Service Officers CDEP Supervisors Aged Care Coordinator Belyuen Community Health Centre Delissaville Community Store Manager

Chief Executive Officer: Provide the Emergency Management Committee with the

latest weather warning (cyclone watch) advice issued by the Bureau of Meteorology

Advise Council employees Final checks on council assets and advise all council employees carry out

final securing of buildings and assets Activate the emergency warning siren (this will stay on until the power is

disconnected) Co-ordinate the Emergency Response Team Nominate staff members to carry out any unforeseen tasks

Community Liaison Officers Provide direct support to the Chief Executive Officer Complete an updated community profile – including house numbers, number

of people and who is staying in the house (provide a copy to the health centre and Chief Executive Officer)

Drop off emergency survival kits Advise community members of the imminent threat, advise community

members to take shelter Advice community members to stay in their shelters until they have been told

by the Emergency Management Committee that it is safe to come out (this


information will be provided through the Northern Territory Emergency Services broadcast)

Final hours of cyclone threat, using the megaphone advise community member to take shelter

Essential Service Liaise and report to the Chief Executive Officer Direct CDEP Supervisor to undertake task as required Remove or tie down any objects within community that could become a

missile or cause damage Allocate tasks to the Major Disaster Response Team Secure all emergency equipment in safe and dry place Nominate staff members to carry out any unforeseen tasks Shut off power supply to bore fields & water storage compound Secure all council documents & electronic equipment Ensure all wheelie bins are secured in houses Take all spare vehicle keys to operational centre (clinic) Allow sufficient time for operations personnel to return to their homes to

attend to their personal situations Shut off water supply to community Ensure all council vehicles & equipment are secured in workshop Lock up workshop Turn off power supply to workshop If power lines start clashing isolate community

Aged and Family Services Liaise with Chief Executive Officer Advise employees of imminent threat Advise all clients of imminent threat Review all live-in clients are safe with family members Nominate staff members to carry out any unforeseen tasks Secure centre and vehicle

Belyuen Community Night Patrol Directly liaise with Community Liaison Officer Carry out any unforeseen task Secure vehicle

Common Task for all service personnel and council services Fill up any water containers and secure in a safe and dry place Secure any council assets including documents in a safe and dry place Fill all vehicles and secure in a safe place (protect windows) Turn off power to buildings and lock all doors (when leaving) Secure building as best as possible, remembering to leave one window open

to assist with pressure build up, which may cause more damage to the building


All personnel must advise the Community Liaison Officer where they will shelter

Post Cyclone


When the Northern Territory Emergency Services have declared that it is safe to leave the shelters the Emergency Management Committee will meet in the following locations (depending on the damage to buildings)

Belyuen Community Government Council Training Centre Belyuen Community Health Centre

Once a building has been nominated then the Community Liaison Officer must advise community members.

Once the cyclone has passed then the Chief Executive Officer will activate the Emergency Management Committee, as per the activation chart.


The Emergency Management Committee Chief Executive Officer Community Members Essential Service Officers CDEP Supervisors Aged and Family Service Belyuen Community Health Centre Delissaville Community Store Manager

Chief Executive Officer: Co-ordinate the Emergency Response Team Assess the community

1) Damage to community houses2) Damage to the community3) Report to Northern Territory Police

Community Liaison Officers Provide direct support to the Chief Executive Officer Complete the community profile Advise community members to stay in the community

Essential Service Liaise and report to the Chief Executive Officer Direct CDEP Supervisor to undertake task as required Assess the community damage including damage to houses Advise Community Liaison Officer of houses that are not safe, advise to

relocate community members to other family


Safety First

Personnel must wear their personal protective

equipment

Aged and Family Services Liaise with Chief Executive Officer Advise all clients of situation Review all live-in clients are safe with family members

Belyuen Community Night Patrol Directly liaise with Community Liaison Officer

In terms of developing post cyclone procedures, this is difficult, the Emergency Management Committee will have to deal with emergencies and unforeseen events as they arise.

Environmental Health Hygiene (fresh water, toilets) Deceased animals Mosquito Community water and sewerage contamination

Infrastructure Community Houses Council Buildings (Community Health Centre) Communications

Access and Egress Access to outside services – road to Darwin or ferry


Severe Storms


Severe Storms Information and Action Guide Northern Territory Emergency Services

Severe storms are localised events that do not usually affect wide areas, consequently the threat they pose is often underestimated by the community. These storms can occur anywhere in the Territory and do so much more frequently than any other major natural hazard. On average, each year severe storms are responsible for more damage, as measured by insurance costs, than tropical cyclones, earthquakes, floods or bushfires. Unfortunately, storms also kill people; between five and ten deaths are caused by lightning strikes each year. Deaths also occur when strong winds cause tree limbs to fall, debris to become projectiles and small boats in open water to capsize. In fact, although many people believe that tornadoes do not occur in Australia, 41 tornado-related deaths have been recorded here. The Bureau of Meteorology is responsible for provision of warnings of dangerous weather to the Australian community, with the aim of minimising injury and damage. The service is provided from regional forecasting centres of the Bureau in the Northern Territory, and information is transmitted to authorities such as Police, the NT Emergency Service and to radio and television stations. Storm Action GuideSevere storms cause more damage than any other event. During the tropical wet season, many thunderstorms exhibit severe phenomena, notably wind gusts and intense rainfall leading to flash flooding. Here are some simple steps you can take to minimise the risk from storms to you and your property.

Be prepared. Stay inside and shelter away from windows. Have an emergency kit on hand, including a battery operated radio, torch and

spare batteries. Keep a list of emergency numbers handy. Secure loose items in your yard. Keep downpipes and guttering clear.

Store poisons above ground level in case of flash floods.

During the Storm Stay inside and shelter clear of windows. Listen to your radio for storm updates. If outdoors, find safe shelter. Do not shelter under trees or metal structures. Ensure pets are safe.

After the Storm



Safety First

Personnel must wear their personal

protective equipment

Check your house for damage. Beware of fallen power lines. Check trees for damage and stability. Listen to your radio for further weather information. Check on your neighbours if safe to do so.

When a severe storm has been declared by the Bureau of Meteorology the Emergency Management Committee will advise the community of the potential damage and large gale force winds.

Once a severe storm has been declared the Chief Executive Officer will advise the Emergency Management Committee, as per the activation chart.


ALL NON ESSENTIAL SERVICES WILL BE SUSPENDED UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE

The Emergency Management Committee Chief Executive Officer

Community Members Essential Service Officers CDEP Supervisors Aged and Family Service Belyuen Community Health Centre


warning (severe storm) advice issued by the Bureau of Meteorology Advise Council employees Advise Council employees to secure workplace documents and back-up data


Community Liaison Officers Provide direct support to the Chief Executive Officer Advise community members of the severe storm warning Advise community members to remove or tie down any objects within their

yard that could become a missile or cause damage

Essential Service Liaise and report to the Chief Executive Officer Direct CDEP Supervisor to undertake task as required Remove or tie down any objects within community that could become a

missile or cause damage Allocate tasks to the Major Disaster Response Team


Ensure all relevant documentation plans & manuals are stored in a safe. Ensure all water storage facilities are full Fill up spare fuel drums and secure in a safe place Secure all emergency equipment in safe and dry place Secure council buildings

Aged and Family Services Liaise with Chief Executive Officer Advise employees of cyclone warning Advise all clients of cyclone warning Advise live-in clients that it is advisable that they stay with family until the

storm has passed Secure council buildings


community Advise Community Liaison Officer of any community members who are

refusing to return to the community or persons who cannot be located.

Common Task for all service personnel and council services Secure any council assets including documents in a safe and dry place Fill all vehicles and secure in a safe place (protect windows) Turn off power to buildings and lock all doors (when leaving)


Structure Fire

Get out and stay out, never go back into a burning building


Fire AwarenessBelyuen Council has negotiated with DET for Fire Awareness Training to take place mid January 2010.

Training will be undertaken by members of the Emergency Management and Response Team and will also include two staff members (where needed) from each Council Service and an additional four male CDEP participants.

Council has fire extinguishers checked every 6 months and is currently negotiating with Chubb Security to provide an upgrade and including 24hr monitoring system for all fire alarm systems.

Nominated Fire Wardens

Cathy Winsley Council OfficeTeresa Timber (assistant) Council Office

Gloria Singh Women & Children’s CentreAnita Malyin (assistant) Women & Children’s Centre

Leanne Twomey Imabulk CentreShirley Bigfoot (assistant) Imabulk CentreCatherine Moreen (assistant) Imabulk CentreRita Moreen (assistant) Imabulk Centre

Samantha Singh Women’s CentreDeborah Singh Women’s Centre

Mark Perejuan WorkshopStanley BilBil (assistant) Workshop

Note: it is a requirement for all council employees and persons working within council programs to have completed or willingness to undertake fire awareness training

CDEP participants

Steven Brown (Supervisor)Mark BilBilTony SinghLeslie NilcoFrederick Moreen

Council has purchased a new water tank with hose and trailer for use in community fires.


Basic Fire Awareness and Safety Guide – Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Service

Introduction

Every year people die as a result of fires. Many more suffer serious injury and trauma from smoke inhalation and burns.

Most of these fires can be attributed to carelessness or ignorance, or a combination of both.

This Information is provided by the Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Service to provide basic knowledge of fire, how it may be extinguished at an early stage and procedures which can be adopted to minimise the threat of fire.

The chemistry of fire

Definition

Fire (combustion) is a rapid self sustaining oxidation process, taking the form of a chemical reaction, and is usually accompanied by the evolution of heat and light of varying intensity.

Combustible or flammable material, (any substance which supports combustion), can take the form of a solid, liquid or gas, and can ignite by means of a naked flame, spontaneous ignition, or auto ignition.

Process of combustion

When combustion occurs in a solid or liquid body, it is the vapours given off by the material which ignites. We then refer to the substance as "FLAMMABLE". Most fuels, especially solids, must be heated before they will give off sufficient (flammable) vapours to burn.

The elements of fire:

Fuel

Many materials will burn, although materials high in carbon and hydrogen (eg paper and wood) are the most flammable. Fuels can be solids, liquids, or gases. However, in order to burn, all fuels must be chemically decomposed, or reduced to gases or vapours. This process takes place through the action of heat.


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Fuel exists as:

Solids Liquids Gases

wood diesel natural gas

paper petrol LPG

rubber alcohol acetylene

oil hydrogen

chlorine

kerosene

Heat

Heat is a measure of the molecular activity occurring within a substance. The higher the temperature, the faster the action of the molecules. If sufficient heat is applied to a substance, the molecules may move so fast that they can break away from the bulk of the surface. When this occurs in fuels, the vapours can then ignite.

Oxygen

Combustion is a chemical reaction that requires oxygen. In most cases, oxygen for a fire is taken from the air. Normal atmosphere contains approximately 21 percent oxygen. Burning will usually slow when the oxygen concentration is reduced to below 14 percent.

THIS ALSO HAPPENS TO BE THE CONCENTRATION AT WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL WILL LOSE CONSCIOUSNESS

The dependence of fires on the oxygen in the air explains why it is important if there is time to close windows and doors when exiting from a building fire.

Chemistry

For fire to occur, the following four elements are necessary: fuel heat oxygen uninhibited chain reaction

The above four elements form the ‘Fire Tetrahedron’. Fire will continue as long as the four elements are present. Elimination or removal of any one of them causes the tetrahedron to collapse, thereby extinguishing the fire. This is the basis of all fire fighting operations.


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The chemistry of fire extinction

The principles of fire extinction consist of the elimination or removal of one or more of the four elements. These principles are:

CoolingThe most commonly used fire fighting medium is water. Water absorbs heat from the fire and cools the fuel to a temperature where it no longer produces flammable vapours.

SmotheringBy excluding the oxygen in the surrounding atmosphere, the fire will be extinguished.

StarvationStarvation is achieved by removal of the fuel burning in the fire. Sometimes combustible material can be removed such as by shutting off gas valves or fuel flows.

Stop chain reactionStop or interrupt the chain reaction between the fuel, heat and oxygen the fire will be extinguished.

Specific methods of extinguishing fires often involve a combination of more than one of the four principles.


The four stages of combustionExplosions excepted, most fires have quite humble beginnings and grow through four stages:

Stage Description

Incipient stage At this stage, decomposition is occurring at the surface of the fuel due to the influence of some form of heat. Products of combustion given off at this stage are invisible to the eye.

Smoldering stage At this stage, up to 10% of the decomposing products released at the surface of the fuel are visible.

Flaming stage Vapours from the decomposing fuel have ignited and are at the stage where flames are self propagating.

Heat stage At this stage the burning has progressed to the point where the fire is still small but generating sufficient heat to warm the air immediately around the fire, sending warm products of combustion upwards by convection.

The time required for a fire to develop through the first two stages is usually quite long when compared to the last two.

Depending on conditions, the time involved going through all stages may be anything from seconds to days.

The spread of fire

Heat energy always passes from hotter to cooler regions by one of the following methods:

conduction convection radiation direct burning Conduction

Is the movement of heat through a material.

Spread of fire by CONDUCTIONConducted heat can travel through walls, floors and ceilings to adjacent rooms, especially through metal partitions or along pipes and joists. If combustible materials are stacked against or close to the adjoining wall, there is danger that they might be heated to their ignition temperature by conducted heat.


ConvectionIs the mass movement of a hotter, less dense gas through its cooler, denser surroundings (‘hot air rises’).

Spread of fire by CONVECTIONHeat transfer by convection is the primary agent of fire spread. Rising convection currents of hot gases at temperatures of 800 - 1000 degrees Celsius, heat anything in their path. When the upward movement of a convection current is blocked, e.g. by a ceiling, the hot gases spread laterally along the underside of the ceiling (the ‘mushroom effect’).These super heated air currents can carry smoke and toxic gases long distances sometimes causing smoke logging of escape routes; they often carry burning brands which can ignite combustible materials at some distance from the seat of the fire.

RadiationIs the transfer of heat energy as electromagnetic waves. Radiation does not heat gases it passes through, but does heat solids and liquids it impinges on.

Spread of fire by RADIATIONRadiant heat is transmitted to buildings not shielded from the fire. Radiation passes through windows easily, and buildings with many or large windows are most likely to spread fire to their neighbors.

Direct burningHeat is transferred by applying a flame directly to a flammable substance.

Classes of fire

Fires are classified according to the nature of the fuel involved. There are currently FOUR classes of fire.

1) CLASS ‘A’ (Combustible Solids). These are fires involving solid material of an organic nature, namely carbon compounds such as wood, paper, cloth, etc. They are the most common class of fire.

2) CLASS ‘B’ (Combustible Liquids). Fires involving liquids or liquefiable solids such as, petrol, oil, paint, fat, thinners, etc.

3) CLASS ‘C’ (Combustible Gases). This class of fire involves gases in either vapor or liquefied form, either as a spillage of the liquid or leak of vapor. Methane, propane, butane, etc. are examples of likely fuels.

4) CLASS ‘D’ (Combustible Metals). Fires involving metals such as magnesium, aluminum, sodium or potassium.

Electricity

Electricity presents a special hazard in a fire situation. Electricity does not burn; it produces heat which may result in one of the classes of fire. If the electricity is


removed (e.g. by switching off the power), the heat source is removed and the remaining fire should be dealt with according to its class.If the source of electricity cannot be eliminated, a non-conductive extinguishing agent should be used.

Fire fighting appliances

Portable fire extinguishers can be divided into two categories, according to the type of extinguishing agent they contain, namely:

Conductor of electricity Non-Conductor of electricity

Fire fighting appliances - characteristics, operation and application

Appliance Water Type (STORED PRESSURE)

Colour Code Red

Capacity nine litres of water.

Operation The container is pressurised to 1000 kPa with dry air. When the safety pin is pulled and the handle squeezed, the water is forced out of the container and through the hose.

Range 90 to 120 seconds, nine metres

Application Class A fires only

Warnings DO NOT USE ON FIRES INVOLVING ELECTRICITY

Appliance Foam Type (STORED PRESSURE)

Colour Code Blue

Capacity Nne litres of water and AFFF foam solution.

Operation The container is pressurised to 1000 kPa with dry air. When the safety pin is pulled and the handle squeezed, the water is forced out of the container and through the hose.

Range 60 to 90 seconds; 6 metres.

Application Class ‘B’ fires only, although in an emergency they can be used on Class ‘A’ fires.


Appliance Wet Chemical (ANSULEX TYPE)

Colour Code Mustard/Fawn


Capacity 7.5 Litres

Operation The container is pressurised to 690 kPa with air or nitrogen. Remove safety pin, aim nozzle at fire. Squeeze handle, sweep over fire.

Application Use on animal fat and vegetable oil fire only.


Appliance Dry Chemical Type (STORED PRESSURE)

Colour Code Red with a white band.

Capacity From 2.25 kg to 13.5 kg of powder based on either sodium bicarbonate or ammonium phosphate.

Operation As for the water and foam types. Some earlier models which may be encountered, contain a small cylinder of carbon dioxide to provide pressure to expel the powder. Newer models are now pressurised with dry nitrogen.

Range 2 to 3 metres; 10 to 30 seconds.

Application Class ‘B’ and 'D' fires and fires involving electrical equipment. They may also be used on small class ‘A’ fires, but this is not recommended.

Appliance Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Type

Colour Code Red with a black band.

Capacity Standard sizes range from 4.5 kg to 10 kg.

Operation As for all other types above. The carbon dioxide is stored in the container as a liquid under pressure. On release to atmosphere it converts to a ‘snow’ like gas, which applies the extinction principle of smothering.

Range 1 to 2.5 metres; 10 to 25 seconds

Application Class ‘B’ fires and fires involving electrical equipment

Extinguisher operating procedures1) Pull safety pin 2) Hold the nozzle (if fitted) 3) Squeeze handle 4) Aim hose nozzle at the fire 5) Fight fire from an upwind position, if possible 6) Hose reels7) Hose reels can be operated by one person. The basic procedure is as follows:


8) ensure that the nozzle is in the closed position 9) turn on the main valve (most reels have a device which retains the nozzle until

the main valve is open) 10)pull the hose off the drum, towards the fire 11)open the nozzle and direct the stream of water at the fire.

NOTE: Hose reel streams must reach all points of the floor on which it has been installed.

APPLICATION: CLASS ‘A’ FIRES ONLY. DO NOT USE ON FIRES INVOLVING ELECTRICITY

Fire equipment

Familiarise yourself with the location of all fire equipment and how it is used.

Fire Alarms - check the location of fire alarms Smoke and thermal detectors - smoke and thermal detectors should sound

the alarm in the local fire station BUT always ring "000" as well Sprinklers - sprinklers should come on automatically Hose on reels - check the location of the hose reels Extinguishers - learn the location of extinguishers and the types available.

Read the labels. They give all the information required.

Chief Warden's/Warden's information

Extinguishers correctly indicated, mounted and charged Hose reels, hydrants and hose in good order Exit signs illuminated and unobstructed from view Emergency lighting systems working correctly, faulty globes replaced All passageways and fire exits clear. No packaging material, furniture, etc to

cause obstruction in an emergency Learn the location of electrical switchboards and what areas can be isolated Identify all hazardous materials kept in your area and ensure that these are

kept at a minimum and stored correctly Ensure that all occupants are familiar with the emergency procedures, in

particular the STANDARD FIRE ORDERS, copies of which should be displayed in prominent positions

Wardens should be aware of mobility impaired persons in their area That fire instructions are displayed and are up to date That there is a large torch in each area and that it is in working condition That there is an extinguisher in position near all switchboards and in the

kitchen Maintain detailed information of warden changes through sickness, leave,

resignations, etc Changes in wardens extension numbers. Evacuation officials and responsibilities


Chief Warden and Deputy (white helmet) Responsible for:

staff training fire prevention notifying the Fire Service and meeting same deciding to evacuate organising personnel for evacuation staff duties. Floor or Section Wardens (yellow helmet)

Responsible for: notifying the Chief Warden of the location and extent of the fire fighting the fire Safe evacuation of all personnel from their work area

Wardens (red helmet) Responsible for:

Assisting the wardens in carrying out the above tasks.

Evacuation procedures

Evacuation has different meanings according to the vulnerability of the premises concerned. Evacuation may mean a complete evacuation of the whole premises on discovery of an emergency, or partial evacuation if the incident is minor and not life threatening.

Your main aim is to achieve effective control of any emergency you think may occur. You need to anticipate possible situations and requirements to ensure effective emergency response.

Poorly organised evacuation can cause unnecessary panic, sometimes with serious consequences.

The following principles should be adopted as a general guide and modified as required to suit the particular building and occupancy.

Emergency control organisation is formed i.e. chief warden/deputy, floor/section wardens and wardens.

All available exits for each floor/section, should be used to evacuate if required.

Designate wardens for each floor/section.

Designate safe assembly outside of the building.

A warning system should be fitted throughout the premises to give both an audible and visual alarm signal.


Evacuation of staff is to be carried out in an orderly manner, controlled by evacuation staff.

Provide staff education on evacuation procedures and display the evacuation plan details within each section.

Carry out evacuation drills at a different time each year.

Home fire safety

Home fire alarmsApproximately 50% of all fire deaths occur at night while people sleep. You can't rely on your own senses to detect a fire. You need the protection a smoke alarm can provide. Contact your local brigade for information today. Obey these simple rules and be safe

Smoking habits Do not allow anyone in your family to smoke in bed Keep lighters and matches out of the reach of children Make a bedtime check of upholstered furniture for smoldering cigarette butts,

particularly after a party.

In the kitchen

Do not leave tea towels over the cooking range to dry See that saucepan handles do not face outwards into the room or over a

lighted burner If a saucepan catches alight, switch off the heat and smother the saucepan

with a lid, damp cloth or appropriate extinguisher. Never use water on a fat fire. Do not pick up and carry a burning container.

Electricity

Never run extension cords under rugs or over hooked nails Do not overload electrical circuits Have electrical appliances checked regularly, particularly electric blankets Repairs and alterations should be carried out by a qualified electrician Use only the correct size fuse in each socket. Never use substitutes See that frayed and damaged flexes and cords are replaced Flammable liquids Do not use petrol, kerosene, or other flammable liquid, to revive a fire Use non-flammable cleaning fluids for cleaning clothes Keep flammable liquids properly labeled and in sealed containers, preferably

outside the home in a garage or shed Keep flammable liquids out of the reach of children


Outside the home Remove long grass, dry leaves, etc. from your property - combustible

materials from around and under the house Clean out guttering and downpipes regularly Clear fire breaks regularly Listen to fire weather forecasts and warnings and be guided by them Evacuation procedures for all occupants All occupants including children must be able to recognise significant signs

that would indicate an outbreak of fire has occurred, such as, abnormal heat, smell of burning, presence of smoke, visible flame, and should know;

to alert all occupants to proceed with the pre-planned evacuation to immediately call the Fire Service from the closest available safe means of

communication that re-entry into a building on fire may prove fatal that delay in evacuation caused by gathering personal possessions may

prevent their escape.

IF FIRE STARTS do not panic and do not waste time CALL THE FIRE AND RESCUE SERVICE DIAL 000 ask for the FIRE AND RESCUE SERVICE,

give the address of the fire name of the caller telephone number calling

Common fire causes Heating and cooking appliances, overheating or defective Oil and gas heaters, overheating or defective Flammable liquid vapours Burning of rubbish Smoking and matches, carelessly discarded Electrical malfunctions, appliances and wiring Oxy-acetylene cutting and welding Sparks and overheating of machinery Children playing with matches Spontaneous ignition Arson, i.e. for gain or to cover up a crime Accidental ignition Deliberate ignition Gas explosion Lightning strikes


Structure FireGET OUT AND STAY OUT

Never go back into a burning building

Once the alarm has been raised the Emergency Management Committee must be advised.

Chief Executive Officer Inform Essential Service Officers Inform Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Service Inform Power and Water Corporation Inform Belyuen Community Health Centre

Community Liaison Officer Provide direct support to the Chief Executive Officer Using the megaphone advise tenants to exit the building Keep everybody away from the building Debrief with the tenants/occupants – possible cause Find out how many people who were in the house and are they accounted for

Essential Service Disconnect power supply to building If safe to do so attempt to extinguish the fire (must be sure the power is

disconnected, if there is any doubt, don’t attempt to extinguish

Fuel BowserChief Executive Officer

Inform the Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Service Inform the Northern Territory Police Inform Power and Water Corporation to shut down the power supply If after hours contact Store Manager

Community Liaison Officer Provide direct support to the Chief Executive Officer Using the megaphone advise tenants to exit the building Keep everybody away from the building

Essential Services Isolate fuel pumps If safe to do so attempt to extinguish the fire (must be sure the power is

disconnected, if there is any doubt, don’t attempt to extinguish


Earthquakes


Earthquake Information and Action GuideNorthern Territory Emergency Services

If your area has an earthquake history or potential, this advice could help save you injury and distress.

Know your local earthquake riskAsk your State/Territory Emergency Service (S/TES), council and insurance company for this information:

Whether tremors or earthquakes have ever occurred in your area and what damage resulted.

Ask your S/TES for a free pamphlet and/or poster that show Australia's earthquake risk zones.

Study that information and ask your council about ways to make your house safer in an earthquake.

Check that your insurance covers earthquake damage.

Emergency kit and check list

During and after an earthquake you will need: A portable radio and torch with fresh batteries. Candles, matches and containers of fresh water. A first aid kit and basic first aid knowledge. Plan together, where your family will meet if separated. Know your safe areas during an earthquake (see below). Your emergency contact number.

Watch for possible warning signs: Erratic animal behaviour - scared, confused pets running about, or birdcalls

not usually heard at night. Ground water levels - watch for sudden water level changes in wells or

artesian bores.

During the earthquake If indoors, stay there (clear of falling debris outside). Keep clear of windows,

chimneys and overhead fittings. Shelter under and hold a doorframe, table, bench etc.

In high-rise buildings, stay clear of windows and outer walls. Get under a desk


near a pillar or internal wall. Do not use elevators. In crowded areas or stores, do not rush for doors. Move clear of overhead

fittings and shelves. If outside, keep well clear of buildings, overhead structures, walls, bridges,

power lines, trees, etc. In a city street, shelter from falling debris under strong archways or doorways

of buildings. Don't go under awnings or parapets as they may collapse. If in a vehicle, stop in an open area until shaking stops. Beware of 'downed'

power lines and road damage, including overpasses and bridges. Listen to your car radio for warnings before moving.

After the earthquake

Watch for hazards and tend injuries as follows: Turn off electricity, gas and water - do not light matches until you have

checked for gas or fuel leaks. Check for injuries. Apply first aid. Do not move the seriously injured unless in

immediate danger. Check for broken water, sewerage or electrical mains. Do not use telephone immediately (to avoid congestion) unless there is a

serious injury or fire etc. Check for cracks/damage, in roof, walls, chimneys etc. Evacuate if badly damaged. Be prepared for aftershocks. Do not waste food and water as supplies may be interrupted. Collect emergency water from heaters, ice cubes, toilet tanks and canned

foods. Listen to local radio and heed warnings and advice on damage and service

disruptions. Avoid driving unless for emergency (keep streets free). Do not go sightseeing or enter damaged buildings. Stay calm and help others if possible.

Magnitude Description of Effectless than 3.4 Usually felt by only a few people near the epicentre.

3.5 - 4.2 Felt by people who are indoors and some outdoors; vibrations similar to a passing truck.

4.3 - 4.8 Felt by many people; windows rattle, dishes disturbed, standing cars rock.

4.9 - 5.4 Felt by everyone; dishes break and doors swing, unstable objects overturn.

5.5 - 6.1 Some damage to buildings; plaster cracks, bricks fall, chimneys damaged.

6.2 - 6.9 Much building damage; houses move on their foundations, chimneys fall, furniture moves.

7.0 - 7.3 Serious damage to buildings; bridges twist, walls fracture, many masonry buildings collapse.


7.4 - 7.9 Causes great damage; most buildings collapse.

greater than 8.0

Causes extensive damage; waves seen on the ground surface, objects thrown into the air.

http://www.ga.gov.au/hazards/earthquake/


http://www.ga.gov.au/hazards/earthquake/

Tsunami Warning


Tsunami Information and Action GuideNorthern Territory Emergency Services

Geoscience AustraliaWhat is a tsunami?

Tsunami (pron: 'soo-nar-me') is a Japanese word; 'tsu' meaning harbour and 'nami' meaning wave. The phenomenon usually is associated with earthquakes, landslides or volcanic eruptions in, or adjacent to oceans and results in sudden movement of the water column. Until recently tsunami were called tidal waves, even though the event has nothing to do with tides.

A tsunami is different from a wind generated surface wave on the ocean. The passage of a tsunami involves the movement of water from the surface to the seafloor which means its speed is controlled by water depth. Consequently, as the wave approaches land and reaches increasingly shallow water it slows. However, the water column still in deeper water is moving slightly faster and catches up, resulting in the wave bunching up and becoming much higher. A tsunami often is a series of waves and the first may not necessarily be the largest.

Interesting Fact Tsunami can travel at speeds up to 950 km/h in deep water which can be represented by the speed of a passenger jet.

The highest tsunami occurs when they encounter a long and gradual shallowing of the water. Which allows time for the wave to build and interact with its surroundings? Successive peaks can be anywhere from five to 90 minutes apart. The wave train which arrives at the coast can reach heights of up to 30 meters’ above sea level or create barely noticeable ripples. In the open ocean, even the largest tsunamis are relatively small with wave heights

Tsunami warning systemsAustralia's earthquake monitors are used to detect events which may result in a tsunami on Australia's coast and the south west Pacific Ocean. If such an earthquake occurs, Geoscience Australia seismologists immediately notify the


Australian Bureau of Meteorology and Emergency Management Australia which subsequently notify other Australian emergency authorities.Most tsunami occur in the Pacific and Indian Oceans because its boundary, known as the Pacific Ring of Fire, experiences frequent earthquakes and hosts explosive volcanoes.The Pacific Tsunami Warning System is a network of seismic monitoring stations and sea-level gauges which detects earthquakes and abnormal changes in sea level. Designated centres operate in Hawaii, Alaska and Japan to issue warnings for potential tsunami in the Pacific Ocean.If a tsunami is detected, coastal areas lying in the predicted path are warned of its approach and expected arrival time which is determined with the use of tsunami travel-time maps. For coastlines particularly prone to tsunami, risk assessments are performed long before a tsunami occurs. An area which may be vulnerable to tsunami is assessed by:

the likelihood of an event that may cause a tsunami; the expected location and size of an event; the shape of the seafloor where an event may take place; the shape of the coastal land which may be affected by a resulting tsunami;

and the presence of any headlands or harbours in the region which could cause a

tsunami to change direction. This information is used to predict the potential speed, direction, height and destructiveness of any tsunami that may reach the area. Often, coastal areas that are at risk are part of a funnel-shaped bay or harbour.Other factors which influence how destructive a tsunami may be include the effect of backwashing from a wave onto a following wave and whether there are any valleys or canyons on the continental shelf.

What is the risk to the NT from Tsunami? Tsunamis travel best through deep water. Fortunately for the Territory, most of the seas to our north are comparatively shallow which reduces the threat of a tsunami impacting our coastline. The large tidal range we experience might also mitigate the effects. What is being done about Tsunamis? The Australian Government is leading a National Program to improve Tsunami warning. In May 2005, it allocated $68.9m to a program to improve seismic monitoring, sea level monitoring and public education. This program is making progress but there is still more work to be done. What should I do if a Tsunami alert is broadcast? The warning time before a Tsunami is likely to be quite short – it could range from a few minutes to a couple of hours. At this stage, while there is a system in place to warn that a Tsunami might occur, a lot of work needs to be done before the impact


http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/


http://www.bom.gov.au/tsunami/

can be accurately predicted. Consequently providing definitive advice is difficult and the best advice we can provide is:

People on beaches, storm surge areas, or low lying coastal areas should leave the area immediately and move inland, or to higher ground.

People on boats should move to deeper water immediately. People should follow the advice and instructions from local emergency

authorities and monitor the media for official updates. You should ensure your neighbours have received this advice.


Appendix

Radio Operating ProceduresThe Emergency Management Committee will provide the main contact personnel with a portable handheld UHF CB radio to communicate without delay during the event of a disaster.

Personnel who will be issued a portable handheld UHF CB radio: Chief Executive Officer Essential Service Officer CDEP Supervisor Aged Care Coordinator Community Liaison Officer Belyuen Community Health Centre

During a disaster the above personnel will be contactable via the radio on channels:18 – Chief Executive Officer, Community Liaison Officer19 – Essential Service Officer20 – Belyuen Community Health Centre21 – CDEP Supervisor, Aged Care Coordinator

Personnel are required to transmit and receive information in accordance with the procedures below.

1) Personnel must stay on the assigned channels2) When calling up switch to the channel you require3) Call up by saying

a. Your call sign (your name or position)b. Followed by the personnel you are trying to contact (their name or

position)c. Using the correct terminology (Radio Communications) pass your

message using simple words, speaking slow and clear and not long sentences, this will avoid miscommunications

d. Once you have completed your transmission advise receiver or sender that you are now switch to back to assigned channel (state channel)

4) Once this is complete, ensure you switch back to your assigned channel

It is the responsibility of the personnel assigned a radio to ensure that it is kept safe and dry.

The portable handheld UHF CB radios remain the property of Belyuen Community Government Council and must be returned.


Radio CommunicationsAffirmative YesDisregard Delete all reference to last transmissionGo Ahead Proceed as requestedI spell I shall spell the next work phoneticallyNegative NoOver My transmission is ended, I await your replyRoger Message received and understoodSay Again Repeat all of the last transmissionSend Speak to receiveStand By I am not ready to received the transmission, I will call when

ready to continueDid you copy my last

Did you receive and understand the last transmission

Phonetic AlphabetA AlphaB BravoC CharlieD DeltaE EchoF FoxtrotG GolfH HotelI IndiaJ JulietK KiloL LimaM MikeN NovemberO OscarP PapaQ QuebecR RomeoS SierraT TangoU UniformV VictorW WhiskeyX X-rayY YankeeZ Zulu


! Important information

Channels 05 and 35 are emergency channels Channel 11 is a calling channel Channels 22 and 23 are for telemetry and telecommand applications and TX

is inhibited on these channels

General Communication is accepted on call other channels with these guidelines: Channel 40 road channel (Australia) Channels 01 – 08 (and 31 – 38) are repeater channels

Remember that other people in the area maybe using the channel, so confidential information should not be sent over the radio, and inappropriate language will not be used by any member of the response team.


Appendix

Personal Protective Equipment

The Emergency Management Committee has issued the Disaster Response Team with personal protective equipment.

Members are required to wear to their personal protective equipment during the following:

Cyclone warning Imminent threat of a cyclone Post cyclone Severe storms Structure fires Any other disaster which pose a hazard to the Disaster Response Team

Failure to comply with this may result in injury or death

Items included

X1 Riggers GlovesX1 Safety Vest (yellow) day/nightX1 Safety HardhatX1 Protective eye wearX1 Rain coat including pants (yellow) day/night reflective

Safety boots will be supplied on request, but response personnel are required to wear closed in shoes.

The items will be stored by the Emergency Management Committee and issued when required for above disasters.

The items remain the property of Belyuen Community Government Council.


Appendix

The Belyuen Community Government Council is providing an option for community members to purchase an emergency survival kit. The Emergency Management Committee discussed items that should be placed in the kit. The following is a list of items that have been approved for the kit.

Emergency Survival Kit

Torches with spare batteries x2Fire Starters with match x20Tarpaulins medium 2.3mx2.9m x2Water Jerry Cans 10 Litres x2Rope all-purpose 10 metres x1Cloth Tape x10 metres x1Storage Container 35 Litres x1 Garbage Bags 75 Litres x25Cable Ties x200 assorted sizesCandles 25cm x 10 inches Body Soap x6 Insect Repellent (Areogard) 150g Large Shop Bags (Stripy Bags) 55x45x25 cmToilet Paper 1000 sheets per roll x2 rolls

The cost of the kit is $125; it is advisable that each household should have two kits.

Community Members are advised to have a separate kit which has food and personal needs including baby items they require.


Northern Territory ArrangementsLegislation

The Northern Territory Disaster Act 1982 provides for the establishment of an emergency/disaster management organisation at Territory, regional, and local level. Specifically the Act provides for a:

Northern Territory Counter - Disaster Council Northern Territory Counter - Disaster Controller Northern Territory Emergency Service (NTES).

At regional level and where necessary local level, the Act requires Controllers and Counter-Disaster Planning Committees. The Act also establishes the functions and responsibilities of the Northern Territory Emergency Service and its Director. Emergency management - Territory level

The Minister for Police, Fire and Emergency Services has overall responsibility for the Disasters Act and operates through the Territory counter - disaster organisation which comprises the following key elements.

Northern Territory Counter-Disaster CouncilThe Council comprises the Territory Controller, Director NTES, and at least three other members appointed by the Minister. The Council advises the Minister on counter - disaster policy and issues, approves all counter-disaster plans and where necessary, advises and directs the Territory Controller and Director NTES with regard to implementation of counter-disaster measures.

Northern Territory Counter-Disaster ControllerUnder the Act, the Territory Controller is the Commissioner of Police. The Territory Controller exercises control and direction of counter-disaster operations, and carries out such other functions as directed by the Northern Territory Counter-Disaster Council.

Northern Territory Emergency ServiceThis organisation, and the position of Director NTES, are established under the Act and have primary responsibility for counter - disaster planning, training and operational support coordination.

Emergency management - below Territory levelFor disaster and emergency management purposes, the Northern Territory is divided into Regions, each with a Regional Controller (the senior Police Officer in the Region) and a Counter-Disaster Planning Committee.Each Region is further divided into localities with the officer in charge of the local police station appointed to carry out the functions of Local Counter-Disaster Controller and Chairperson of the Local Counter-Disaster Planning Committee.


The NTES is responsible for counter-disaster organisation structures and for training, communications and public awareness programs at all levels. NTES provides the Executive Officer for all Regional and Local Counter-Disaster Planning Committees.LocalThe Northern Territory Local Government Act has established four Municipal Councils to serve the larger population centres. Legislation does not require these councils to undertake counter-disaster planning but they play an active part in local community Counter-Disaster Planning Committees and the provision of resources during response operations.Emergency plans

The Act provides for preparation of Territory, regional and local counter-disaster plans that mobilise the Territory counter-disaster organisation for the conduct of counter disaster operations. Representatives of all primary response and support agencies within each community are encouraged to participate in the development of their local counter - disaster plan.

The actual production and dissemination of such plans is carried out by permanent staff of the Northern Territory Emergency Service and submitted by the Director to the Northern Territory Counter-Disaster Council for approval on behalf of the Northern Territory Government. Once approved by the Council, plans may be activated at the discretion of the relevant Counter-Disaster Controller and do not require any declaration of a "state of emergency or disaster". Control and coordination of operations

Whenever the emergency response required by a lead combat authority exceeds the scope of routine procedures, the relevant Controller activates the applicable counter-disaster plan and exercises overall control and coordination of resources mobilised from both within and outside of the community.Authority to request Australian Government Assistance

The person authorised as the single point of contact for requesting Australian Government assistance to emergency / disaster operations in Northern Territory is the Executive Officer, Northern Territory Counter-Disaster Council (Director Northern Territory Emergency Service).

Contact for emergency management mattersThe Executive OfficerNorthern Territory Counter Disaster CouncilPO Box 39764WINNELLIENT, 0821 Phone: (08) 8946 4124Fax: (08) 8946 4123


States of Disaster and Emergency Information33. States of Disaster and Emergency may be declared under the Disasters Act as in force at 18 March 2003 in order to allow emergency response and recovery operations to proceed unhindered.

a) State of Disaster. A State of Disaster may be declared when the extent or severity of an event or impending event is, or is likely to be, so great that it is beyond the resources of normal government services or privately owned services available in the Territory at the time; or special powers are required to provide appropriate counter disaster measures.

b) State of Emergency. A State of Emergency may be declared when the Minister believes the magnitude or threatened magnitude of an emergency is such that he is satisfied that extraordinary measures are necessary or advisable for the protection of life and property.

34. Method and Duration of Declarations.

State of Disaster. The Administrator, or if the Administrator is unable to perform his duties, two Ministers may declare a State of Disaster for seven days. It may be extended for periods not exceeding 14 days at a time.

b) State of Emergency. The Minister may declare a State of Emergency for two days. The format for declaring or revoking a State of Emergency is at Annex E.

35. Duties under Declarations. Under States of Emergency or Disaster:

a) the Territory Controller shall institute counter disaster measures to protect life and property and to expedite the termination of the disaster or emergency; b) the Director NTES shall arrange and coordinate counter disaster support resources; and c) the Regional Controller, or where appropriate the Local Controller shall take immediate action to use, control and coordinate all available resources and take any other required measures to counter the effects of the disaster/emergency.

36. Special Powers under Declarations.

Under States of Disaster or Emergency the relevant Controller, a member of the Police Force or authorised persons may exercise for the purpose of carrying out counter disaster operations or for the safety of the public generally:

a) take control of property, b) require persons to assist in tasks to save life or property in immediate danger, c) close premises, d) direct evacuation, e) enter any place by reasonable force if necessary,


f) close roads, g) remove from or secure anything on a property which is a threat to life, health

or continued operation of a road which might be required for use after a cyclone, and

h) remove vehicles.

37. Special Powers under Cyclone Watch and Warning.

Under Section 40 of the Disasters Act, once a cyclone watch or warning has been declared by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the relevant Controller, Director NTES, a member of the Police Force or authorized persons may exercise the special powers to remove from, or secure anything on, a property which is a threat to life, health or continued operation of a road, utility or other facility which might be required for use after a cyclone without States of Emergency or Disaster being declared.

States of Disaster and Emergency Information taken from: pages 24-26

NORTHERN TERRITORY ALL HAZARDS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS

This document has been produced by theNORTHERN TERRITORY EMERGENCY SERVICE

Under the provisions of theNORTHERN TERRITORY DISASTERS ACT


Cyclone Procedures for Night Patrol – ExternalCYCLONE SEASON

1 November - 30 April

6 STAGESStage 1 Cyclone Watch - more than 24hoursOperations normal, on notice, tidy up.Stage 2 Cyclone Warning - within 24 hoursOperations normal, prepare to close upStage 3 Cyclone Warning - 6-12 hoursOperations winding up, finalise preparationsStage 4 Cyclone Warning - Less than 6 hoursOperations stop clients transported to cyclone shelter, staff go home or to shelterStage 5 Cyclone Warning - ImminentStay in safe area and waitStage 6 Cyclone Warning - Passed but not all clearStay put, don't move yet.ALL CLEARResume normal operations, report & clean upBACKGROUND

Tropical cyclones are the greatest storms on earth. They are like giant whirlwinds in which the air moves in a large tightening spiral about centre of extreme low pressure. They vary greatly in size.

The air in a cyclone rotates in a clockwise direction at speeds up to and sometimes exceeding 200 kilometres per hour.

The Tropical cyclone season extends from November through to April.

Darwin is situated in a recognised "Cyclone Belt" and for this reason we must be prepared to act in a manner which will afford the greatest .possible protection to both staff and clients of the Night Patrol Service

DESIGNATED OF SAFE AREAS ON SITE

Whilst it is not anticipated that any staff or clients will be at the Night Patrol Compound during the latter stages of the cyclone warnings, some safe areas have been identified, they being:Staff Change room / Toilet

PRE-CYCLONE ACTIONS


Early in the cyclone season and prior to any cyclone, there are some pre-cyclone activities that need to be taken. These are:

Update Staff Details and AvailabilityCompile a list of staff names, addresses, contact phone numbers and availability prior to, and post cyclone.

This should be updated on the 1st working day of each month between November and April.

Clean up outside area around Night Patrol Compound

Remove any unnecessary rubbish, debris or loose objects

CYCLONE INFORMATION POINT

In the event of a Cyclone Watch being issued, there are to be one (1) Cyclone Information Point:

Night Patrol demountable - portable whiteboard - to be located in office area, this whiteboard is to be dedicated to cyclone related information for the benefit of staff and enable staff to pass on the most recent information to community members as requested

CYCLONE STAGE ACTIONS

In the event of a cyclone threat to Darwin, the Bureau of Meteorology - Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre - will issue various warning messages in line with the Northern Territory Counter Disaster Plan. The cyclone warnings and applicable actions at each stage are as follows.

NOTE: These Stages are subject to normal conditions. However, if the local area is subject to heavy rains and possible early flooding, then Regional Manager or delegate may alter Cyclone Stage Actions as necessary.

Stage 1 Cyclone Watch - 24 - 48 hour Service Coordinator or delegate to advise on duty staff of the cyclone watch-upStaff to turn radio on and monitor for announcements / updates in case of telephone breakdown.On duty Night Patrol staff are to check to see if any items need to be placed in secure areas Night Patrol - continue operations as per normal.Stage 2 Cyclone Warning - within 24 hours

Service Coordinator or delegate to advise on duty staff of the cyclone warning.

On duty Night Patrol officers to inform community members of Cyclone Warning and pass on the most recent updates as requested


Staff to continue monitoring radio for announcements / updates in case of telephone breakdownCheck staff details are correct and current status of staff availability.Night PatrolGenerally normal operations are to continue subject to accessibility to the community. However there should be a focus on visiting camps and advising them of the situation.Provide assistance to convey persons, especially aged, frail, infirmed to safe locations as required.Refuel all vehicles as often as possible.

Stage 3 Cyclone Warning - 6-12 hours

Night Patrol

If exceptional circumstances exist with an intoxicated client, they will have to be transported to the cells in Darwin city

OFFICE REQUIERMENTS

All external windows are to be taped internally

All windows are to be locked or secured

All electronic information stored on computers (Statistical and other) to be saved onto a disk and given to the Service Coordinator or Regional Manager for safe keeping

All computers/electrical equipment to be wrapped in plastic garbage bags and taped securely and placed away for external windows and off the floor

All client files and other important documents to be placed in plastic garbage bag taped securely and placed off the floor

Larger electrical items to be turned off and unplugged from the wall

Focus is on assisting/convey aged, frail or infirmed persons to safe locations.

Refuel all vehicles as often as possible.

Stage 4 Cyclone Warning - Less than 6 hours

All community members are to be transported to the nearest cyclone shelter if requested by Night Patrol

Regional Manager will contact Service Coordinators to inform them that ALL STAFF ARE TO EITHER GO HOME or GO TO A CYCLONE SHELTER


Night Patrol Service

Check that the building is secure, of any loose items, close all internal doors and turn off the power at the power box

With the objective of minimising damage to the vehicles and having a transport capability as soon as reasonably practicable after a cyclone, the Regional Manager /Service Coordinator will make arrangements for parking of our vehicles it will be determined subject to the severity of the cyclone and available staff.

Night Patrol compound gate to be locked securely

Ensure all vehicles are fully fuelled.

Unless exceptional circumstances exist, no staff or clients are to remain on the premises due to the risk of flooding/Wind damage. The Regional Manager MUST be informed of this situation prior to the event.

Stage 5 Cyclone Warning – Imminent

All staff should be at home or at a cyclone shelter

Stage 6 Cyclone Warning - Passed but not all clear

All staff are to remain in a secure area during this stage.

Do not leave the secure area until the ALL CLEAR is given.

The centre of a cyclone can give the appearance of the cyclone having passed.

All Clear

All persons can leave their secure areas and resume normal activities.

Service Manager or Service Coordinator are to attend Belyuen-Larrakia Communities to:

Survey for damage

Availability of services

Suitability of premises for emergency use

Service Manager or Service Coordinator is to attend location of vehicles to:


Survey for damageAscertain serviceability

Staff are to contact the Regional Manger or Service Coordinator to confirm their safety and availability to work.

Operations of services- endeavour to clean up and resume normal operations A.S.A.P

CYCLONE KITTo be compiled Pre cyclone

Batteries for torches, radio equipment 2 doz "AA" / "D"Radio - battery operated.TorchesMasking tape for windows (5 rolls)Packing tape - for securing items (10 rolls)Black Plastic Bags to cover computers and files (6 Packs)GlovesMop and bucketsBroomsHosesBucketsFirst aid Kit


CYCLONE PLAN FOR GOVERNMENT BUSINESS MANAGERS (GBMs)

Evacuation of Government Business Managers

FaHCSIA’s policy for all GBMs in the cyclone zone is that they should plan to leave rather than stay. The signal for GBMs to be evacuated by air transport is when they receive a directive from the Regional Director to leave their community. This directive will be triggered when a cyclone watch for their community/area is issued i.e. strong winds are expected to affect the area within 48 hours but not within 24 hours.

GBMs in the cyclone warning zone will be contacted by phone by the GBM Support Unit and given instructions for evacuation by air transport. This transport will be organised in consultation with each GBM and the GBM Support Unit staff. It is highly unlikely that evacuation in the Commonwealth vehicle will be an option.

In the event of evacuation – Secure your AG Complex

Where possible place all outdoor furniture, BBQ’s and loose items etc surrounding your complex in your accommodation. If your sea container is in use close all external metal container doors and lock with padlocks provided with your complex.Leave your government vehicle parked in a sheltered area if possible, with the handbrake on and in gear. Parking your vehicle up close to one of the sea containers or demountable would most likely provide maximum protection.

5. Cyclone season preparation

A. Prepare your emergency cyclone kit in October

The cyclone season officially runs from 1st November to 30th April each year. The first step is to prepare an emergency cyclone kit in October. As it could take a few days for help to arrive, and because both the power and water supply are likely to be turned off, this kit should contain:

Transistor radio (battery powered) and spare batteries Water for 3 days – 5 Litres per person per day Food in cans for 3 days and a can opener Torches and spare batteries Candles and matches/lighter Medicines – Prescription (If required) Over the counter i.e. Pain Killers, Cold &

Flue, Imodium, Mylanta etc. First aid kit Portable stove (e.g. a BBQ and full gas bottle) Something to rest on (e.g. sleeping mat, camping swag)


Strong soled footwear Rolls of gaffer or masking tape for use on all windows (an “X” of tape across

the whole of the glass panel will strengthen it) Any small objects of value (e.g. wallet, phone and laptop) Your satellite phone – as fully charged as possible.

All of the above should be placed into a water proof plastic container or bags. GBMs should also ensure that they have sufficient supplies to accommodate up to three visiting officers (reflecting the number of visitors’ quarters).

B. Cleanup any possible debris

Loose objects can become missiles during a cyclone and could potentially contribute to loss of life and property damage. Clean up activities include:

- putting away any loose materials or tools;- disposing of any rubbish – Shire Councils will usually assist with this;- trimming trees if necessary to help them withstand higher winds;- organising tie down points or some alternative plan for any boats, trailers etc.;

andpadlocking shut the exterior metal doors and windows of any unused containers.


Belyuen Community Government Council Risk Assessment

Name: Title:Location: Date:

Probability Consequence

Very Likely Will probably occur immediately or within a short period of time

Fatality May cause death or loss of a facility

Likely Probably will occur in time Major Severe injury or illness, or major property damage

Unlikely Could eventually happen Minor Minor (usually reversible) injury or illness resulting in days off work, minor property damage

Highly Unlikely

Has the potential to occur, but probably never will

Negligible Injuries

Minor injury, possible first aid

Likelihood

Probability

Very Likely Likely Unlikely Highly Unlikely

Cons

eque

nce

Fatality High High High Medium

Major High High Medium Medium

Minor High Medium Medium Low

Negligible Injuries

Medium Medium Low Low

Item Hazard P C RA Control Action by Date


Reference

Tropical Cyclone Information – Bureau of Meteorology (www.bom.gov.au) Cyclone Tracy Christmas 1974 – Bureau of Meteorology (www.bom.gov.au)

Shelters in the Northern Territory – Northern Territory Emergency Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)

Severe Storms Information and Action Guide – Northern Territory Emergency Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)

Basic Fire Awareness and Safety Guide – (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)

Earthquake Information and Action Guide – Northern Territory Emergency Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)

Tsunami Information and Action Guide Northern Territory Emergency Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes) Geoscience Australia (www.ga.gov.au)










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