Emergency Response by Retailers in Active Shooter Incidents · prepare for an Active Shooter....

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Emergency Response by Retailers in

Active Shooter Incidents

Alan F Greggo CPP, CFE

2E M E R G E N C Y R E S P O N S E B Y

R E T A I L E R S I N A C T I V E S H O O T E R

I N C I D E N T S

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WHO IS L IABLE WHEN WORKPL ACE

V IOLENCE OCCURS?

• “If your organization has never fired anyone, has never laid anyone off, has only single employees that have never been married or divorced, and have no significant others in their lives, then you don’t have to worry about Work Place Violence (WPV) or an Active Shooter. If your organization does NOT fit this profile, then you need to prepare for an Active Shooter. Management needs to understand that they are personally liable for not providing for the safety and security of their staff (OSHA 1910-34139). Several executives have been convicted under that statute and are serving time in jail.”

• BY EVERBRIDGE AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY SOLUTIONS

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Emergency Response by Retailers in Active Shooter Incidents

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Active shooter events are work place violence. Don’t separate them as different types of threats.

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Emergency Response by Retailers in Active

Shooter Incidents

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HTV is defined as the use of violence, targeting a specific

population, using multiple and multifaceted conventional

and unconventional weapons and tactics.

HTV attacks differ from the more common Active Shooter

incidents and include several complicating factors, such as:

• Well-trained, tactically competent, and willing-to-die

perpetrators;

• Multiple operators (attackers) working in small tactical

units;

• Effective internal and external

communications/coordination;

• Purposeful luring of first responders to inflict even more

carnage;

• Use of fire to complicate first responder operations and

cause further damage;

Potential use of chemical, biological or radiological agents;

and

• Use of high-powered military type weapons and

explosives, including suicide bomb vests.

Hybrid Targeted Violence

Emergency Response by Retailers in Active Shooter

Incidents

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D I S C U S S I O N E X E R C I S E :Discuss within your group how these response activities should be arranged in

logical order of most urgent to least urgent to complete.

You hear gun fire:

• Engage your Corporate Emergency Response Team

• Provide counselors to support employee mental/emotional response

• Inform/Involve the store’s manager on duty

• Call 911 and report a shooting

• Read your “how to respond manual”

• Lock up the store doors

• Contact employees to ensure they are safe, if not in rally point; notify

911 of those missing

• Evacuate if feasible- give directions where and how

• Lock down if feasible- give directions where and how

• Contact your in store or Regional Loss Prevention professional

• Contact Mall Public Safety to find out what’s going on

• Receive Mall Public Safety Alert on mobile phone

• Review employee roster to ensure everyone is in the rally point


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B E S T P R A C T I C E S I N LO G I C A L O R D E R• Hear Gun Fire and…

• Receive Mall Public Safety Alert on mobile phone

• Inform/Involve the store’s manager on duty

• Call 911 and report a shooting

• Evacuate if feasible- give directions where and how

• Lock down if feasible- give directions where and how

• Review employee roster to ensure everyone is in the rally point

• Contact employees to ensure they are safe, if not in rally point; notify 911

of those missing

• Engage your Corporate Emergency Response Team

• Contact your in store or Regional Loss Prevention professional

• Contact Mall Public Safety to find out what’s going on

• Lock up the store doors; only if it’s safe (not important if they are glass, or a

fence)

• Provide counselors to support employee mental/emotional response

• Read your “how to respond manual”



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Case Study #1:

Microsoft Store at

Montgomery Mall

in Bethesda, MD.


Shooter Incidents

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Key learning from this incident:• Shopping centers will not always communicate

emergency incidents with any degree of urgency. It took

this mall 1 and a half hours to communicate that a

shooting took place on it’s property.

• The best person to make decisions about whether to run,

hide or fight, is the manager in charge of the location

while considering all the facts that are available. In this

instance, staying locked down inside the store was the

best choice.

• Retail stores will in fact react in different ways to shooting

incidents, dependent on the information they have

available.


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S O W H AT A R E R E TA I L O R G A N I Z AT I O N S D O I N G ?

Between 2014 and 2015, according to the FBI, the United

States experienced nearly six times as many active shooter

incidents as during the period between 2000 and 2001.

The “Active Shooter Preparedness” research was conducted

in July, 2016. A total of 888 organizations were surveyed

about their safety plans and ability to manage an active

shooter situation.

BY EVERBRIDGE AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY SOLUTIONS


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W H AT A R E R E TA I L O R G A N I Z AT I O N S D O I N G ?



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W H AT A R E R E TA I L O R G A N I Z AT I O N S D O I N G ?


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E X A M P L E S O F M I C R O S O F T T R A I N I N G F O R A L L

R E TA I L E M P LOY E E SIn 63 incidents closely analyzed by the FBI in which the duration of the event could

be determined:

• 44 were over in five minutes or less and of those 23 ended in two minutes or less

• They happened so quickly that the shooting was over before police arrived

• Unlike other violent crimes, the “active” aspect of an ASE inherently implies that

both law enforcement personnel and citizens have the potential to affect the

outcome of the event based upon their responses(FBI, 2014)

70% of mass shootings

occur in commercial

or academic settings

60% of incidents are over

before the police

arrive

The impact is

devastating to life-

safety, business

operations, and

brand

70% of incidents

are over in

less than 5

minutes


Incidents

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B AC KG RO U N D – A C YC LE O F V I O L E N C EFrom the Intelligence Team Report on Active Shooters:

The probability of being the victim of an active shooter is very low, often described

as having a greater chance of being hit by lighting. However much like lighting

risks, we can take proactive steps to protect ourselves. Experts agree that people

who have received “some” active shooter training have a much higher survivability

rate.


Incidents

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79%perpetrators exhibited

one or more pre-incident

behaviors.

29%of the time there was an

observable behavior prior

to the violent incident.

31%of the time, “Concerning

behaviors were observed

by friends, family,

associates, professors,

or law enforcement.”

Diana Drysdale, William Modzeleski, and Andre Simons, Campus Attacks: Targeted Violence Affecting Institutions of Higher Learning, USSS, USDOE and FBI, April, 2010.

Of 227 incidents the authors analyzed:

The Police Executive Research Forum in similar research have reported the percentage higher. 50% of active shooters make their intentions known prior to the incident.

Understanding the Cycle of Violence


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Understanding the Cycle of Violence

James Gaffney, Preventing Active Shooter Incidents, Law Enforcement Today, September 4, 2012

1. Active shooters fanaticize about the attack through speech or in drawings

(radicalize).

2. They actively plan by identifying targets and doing internet research looking

to justify their anger, some may even write a manifesto outlining their

grievance.

3. They prepare for the act by gathering needed weapons and practicing with

them.

4. Once they are prepared and before they attack, they approach the target.

They may do this many times before an attack.

5. The shooter decides to act in the implementation stage, the shooter enters

the site and attacks their intended targets.

Five stages an active shooter goes through prior to an event.


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S O C I A L M E D I A A N D V I O L E N C E

Perpetrators of violence

are in a cycle

Resentment-the original

grievance

(i.e., bullying, social rejection)

Arrogance –dehumanizing

the subjects of their

resentment

Self Deception (lying) –not

accepting any responsibility

Perpetrators of violence

self-radicalize

They are typically young and

impressionable

They find access to a doctrine

of hate (Eric Harris wrote his

own manifesto based

on Nazi ideation)

Our current trend of domestic

“terrorists” are finding their

way to hate literature via the

web, supplied by

organizations such as ISIS

They find access to a fellowship that shares the same resentment that has been made

easier by social media



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HOW TO RESPOND WHEN AN ACTIVE SHOOTER IS IN YOUR

VICINITY

Quickly determine the most reasonable way to protect your own life.

Remember that customers and clients are likely to follow the lead of

employees and managers during an active shooter situation.

Back to the training example:



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PROVIDED IN EVERY MICROSOF T STORE

Emergency Response Quick Reference

Guide Locations

Answer Desk

Manager’s office

Break Room, Tech Room

ICE Work Area (Inventory Control)

Remote Stock Room

Emergency Response Quick Reference is a list of

every emergency likely to happen in a retail store

with steps to respond and numbers to call.



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H O W TO R E S P O N D W H E N A N A C T I V E S H O OT E R

I S I N Y O U R V I C I N I T YRUN (Evacuate calmly and quickly)

If there is an accessible escape path, attempt to evacuate the premises. Be sure to:

• Your store already has escape routes planned; refer to your evacuation map in the store (more on this on the next slide)

• Evacuate regardless of whether others agree to follow

• Leave your belongings behind including any store equipment

• Help others escape, if possible

• Prevent individuals from entering an area where the active shooter may be

• Keep your hands visible

• Follow the instructions of any police officers

• Do not attempt to move wounded people

• Call 911 when you are safe

• Call Retail Help Desk


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PRO VIDED IN E VERY MICRO SO F T STO RE

EMERGENCY EVACUATION MAP

Every Retail Store has an Emergency Evacuation Map.

Brick & Mortar Stores, Full Line Small Format Stores and Flagship Stores have the map posted in the bulletin board located in the break room.

Specialty Stores have the map located in the Required Postings log.



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H O W TO R E S P O N D W H E N A N A C T I V E

S H O OT E R I S I N YO U R V I C I N I T Y

HIDE

If evacuation is not possible, find a location to shelter in place where the active shooter is less likely to find you. Your hiding place should:

• Be out of the active shooter ’s view

• Your shelter in place location should: Be out of the active shooter ’s view, Provide protection if shots are fired in your direction

• Not trap you or restrict your options for movement (Go to the BOH door with a lock and allowing for egress from the fire exit)

To prevent an active shooter from entering your hiding place:

• Lock the door

• Blockade the door with heavy furniture



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S H O OT E R I S I N YO U R V I C I N I T YHIDE (Continued)

If the active shooter is nearby:

• Lock the door

• Silence your cell phone and/or pager

• Turn off any source of noise (i.e., radios, televisions)

• Hide behind large items (i.e., cabinets, desks)

• Remain quiet

If evacuation and hiding out are not possible:

• Remain calm

• Dial 911, if possible, to alert police to the active shooter’s location

• If you cannot speak, leave the line open and allow the dispatcher to listen



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S H O OT E R I S I N YO U R V I C I N I T Y

FIGHT

As a last resort, and only when your life is

in imminent danger, attempt to disrupt

and/or incapacitate the active shooter by:

• Acting as aggressively as possible

against him/her

• Throwing items and improvised weapons

• Make as much noise as possible/yelling

• Committing to your actions



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HO W TO R E ACT WHEN L AW

ENF O RCEMENT AR R IV ES :

• Remain calm, and follow officers’ instructions

• Put down any items in your hands (i.e., bags, jackets)

• Immediately raise hands and spread fingers

• Keep hands visible at all times

• Avoid making quick movements toward officers such as holding on to them for safety

• Avoid pointing, screaming and/or yelling

• Do not stop to ask officers for help or direction when evacuating, just proceed in the direction from which officers are entering the premises



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INFO R MAT IO N TO PRO V IDE TO L AW

ENF O RCEMENT O R 911 O PER ATO R :

•Location of the active shooter

• Number of shooters, if more than one

• Physical description of shooter/s

• Number and type of weapons held by the shooter/s

• Number of potential victims at the location


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K NO WLED GE CH ECK Q U ES T IO NS :

Active shooter incidents are frequently over in?

A. One to Two Hours

B. Once the Police Arrive

C. In 10 to 15 Minutes

D. These things just drag on and on

Customers and clients are likely to

react in what way during an active

shooter situation?

A. Panic, freeze and fail to respond

B. Follow the lead of Employees and Management

C. Scream and run wildly through the store

According to the Department of Homeland Security, what is the proper response to an active shooter?

A. Run, Barricade, Fight

B. Hide, Evacuate, Act

C. Evacuate, Hide, Take Action

D. Shout, Throw things, Hide



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Case Study #2

Pentagon City, Arlington, VA

• Gang members throw a

metal garbage can from

the fourth floor to the first

level creating a loud bang

and yell “Shooter”

• Cause a panic of shoppers

• What are the risks?

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NOT ICED AT NR F PROTECT IN JU NE 2017



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PRO V ID E R E AL IT Y - BAS ED TR A IN ING• One of the most pressing realities to convey in active shooter response training is

the concept of the “response gap.”

• Every major active shooter guidance stresses the point that during the initial law

enforcement response, inbound officers will not stop to assist the wounded.

• It is also understood that EMS may not be able to enter the “warm zone” until the

shooter is neutralized and the situation is made safe.

• Some communities have begun to adopt the “Rescue Task Force” model preparing

• Individuals inside the shooting event who are able to find shelter may be in lock-

down mode and tucked away in safe rooms or hard to find places for an extended

period of time while officers clear the scene of additional suspects and/or

suspicious materials


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PROVIDE REAL IT Y -BASED TRA IN ING

• The most common cause of preventable death in an active shooter incident is the failure to control severe bleeding

• Victims who experience massive trauma don’t have that much time and can often bleed to death in as little as three minutes.

• some communities and organizations have begun to train and equip citizens in bleeding control, also referred to as “B-CON.”

• The U.S. Department of Homeland Security has recently started the “Stop the Bleed” campaign, and communities, like Glendale, Colorado have begun using average citizens as first responders to assist professional emergency responders and reduce the number of casualties during an active shooter event.

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E M E R G E N C Y M A N AG E M E N T : A C T I V E S H O OT E R I N R E TA I L V E N U E S

“Law enforcement is going to lock down the building, and it may not be given

back for many days,” says Dave Hunt, senior instructor at Kiernan Group

Holdings, a consulting firm that assists companies in planning for and

responding to active shooter events. “It depends entirely on the extent of the

incident–how many injured, dead, how many bullets? Every single trajectory

of every single bullet, every shell casing, is all going to be essentially

recovered.”

• Access to the building limited for days to weeks

• Maintain active communications with public relations: Media/Twitter

• Have most frequently asked questions ready

• Communicate with stakeholders, especially families of victims is a priority

• Consider taking operations to an off-site location if access will be denied

for an extended period of time

• Role redundancy is necessary for key roles.

• Pre-plan for employees questions about pay

• Plan for trauma counselors and ministers close to the site so they can be

on-site as quickly as possible.

• Employee Assistance Plans if the more personal service isn’t available.

• Consider after action reporting to document what went right and what

went wrong. A good way to analyze the event and response.



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E M E R G E N C Y M A N AG E M E N T : A C T I V E S H O OT E R I N R E TA I L V E N U E SAfter the shooting; The Business Response

• Extraordinary challenges from the first moment a shot was fired

• Maintain operations or close

• Physical and Emotional Recovery can be months/years

• Re-evaluation of security plans

• Revisit and revise continuity plan

• Deal with possible law suits

• Employees who have suffered sever emotional trauma

Recovering as quickly and effectively as possible.


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• Case Study #3: Microsoft Store

Beachwood Place near Cleveland

• December 26th Mall Brawls

• Social Media drives fights meant to be

diversions to theft

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• Employees noticed people

running and screaming through

the corridors.

• Managers pulled all customers

and employees to the break

room to lock down.

• Police communicated extremely

well and were at Microsoft’s

door in minutes.


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H A N D L E D C O R R E C T LY YO U C A N

T U R N A B A D E X P E R I E N C E I N TO A

P O S I T I V E O N E !

• Christmas holiday: pizza, drinks and treats in the break room.

• Among the children and adults there that day was a hotel manager for A-lofts who wrote letters.

• The store team was awarded for business excellence.

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That’s the best brand protection you

can provide to your company.



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QUEST IONS

Alan Greggo CPP, CFE

Chairman Retail Loss Prevention Council

Microsoft Global Security

Asset Protection

[email protected]

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Date post:	04-Jun-2020
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