Emerging ChallengesEmerging Challenges

Integrating the most vulnerable

Violence & conflicts Terrorism & weapons of mass

destruction

Dealing with

migrants & refugees

Improving economic security

Health education

Environmental & agricultural

issues

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

HUMAN SECURITY – 7 dimentionsHUMAN SECURITY – 7 dimentions

economic food healtheconomic food health

environmental personal environmental personal

community politicalcommunity political

Main human security threats and risksMain human security threats and risksMain human security risks, currently attracting human attention, & financial resources

Climate change ranks as the 4th human security risk worldwide

UNESCO Human Security Questionnaire (HSQ)

UNESCO’s values on ethical foundations of UNESCO’s values on ethical foundations of human securityhuman security

Provide solid ethical foundationProvide solid ethical foundation

Support it by long-term policiesSupport it by long-term policies

Face the challenges of human securityFace the challenges of human security

generosity

Sanctity of life

equity

justice

accountability

transparency

dialogue

openness

tolerance

solidarity

Human security values

UNESCO’s commitment to human securityUNESCO’s commitment to human security

1.1. In 2002 human security became one of the In 2002 human security became one of the Organization’s twelve strategic objectives as reflected Organization’s twelve strategic objectives as reflected in its Medium-Term Strategy for 2002-2007 in its Medium-Term Strategy for 2002-2007

2.2. UNESCO is launching a new series of publications: UNESCO is launching a new series of publications: Promoting Human Security: Ethical, Normative and Promoting Human Security: Ethical, Normative and Educational FrameworksEducational Frameworks

(a) the need to have a (a) the need to have a solid ethical foundationsolid ethical foundation

(b) buttressing that ethical dimension by (b) buttressing that ethical dimension by placing existing and placing existing and new normative instruments at the service of human securitynew normative instruments at the service of human security

The UN humanitarian machineryThe UN humanitarian machinery

Emergency Relief CoordinatorEmergency Relief Coordinator Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC)Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP)Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) Humanitarian Response ReviewHumanitarian Response Review

How UNESCO is involvedHow UNESCO is involved

Reconstruction of educational systemsReconstruction of educational systems Promotion of cultural diversity including Promotion of cultural diversity including

protection of cultural/natural heritage at riskprotection of cultural/natural heritage at risk Reconstruction and promotion of independent Reconstruction and promotion of independent

and pluralistic mediaand pluralistic media Rebuilding scientific cooperation for Rebuilding scientific cooperation for

improving capacity in disaster reduction improving capacity in disaster reduction response and the restoration of biological response and the restoration of biological diversitydiversity

UUnitednited

NNationsations

EEducational education for allducational education for all

SScientificcientific natural, social, human sciencesnatural, social, human sciences

CCulturalultural culture, communication,informationculture, communication,information

OOrganizationrganization

UNESCO’s commitment to human security

UNESCO’s Medium-Term Strategy (31/C4)UNESCO’s Medium-Term Strategy (31/C4)

Strategic objective 4Strategic objective 4 – – Promoting principles and ethical norms to guide Promoting principles and ethical norms to guide scientific and technological development and social transformationscientific and technological development and social transformation

Sub-objectives:Sub-objectives: standard setting, policy formulation and awareness-raising standard setting, policy formulation and awareness-raising regarding ethical issuesregarding ethical issues

a)a) UNESCO will serve as a interdisciplinary, multicultural and pluralistic UNESCO will serve as a interdisciplinary, multicultural and pluralistic forum for issues pertaining to ethics of science and technologyforum for issues pertaining to ethics of science and technology

b)b) UNESCO will support and advise Member States in elaborating UNESCO will support and advise Member States in elaborating appropriate guidelines, policies and normative instruments on ethical appropriate guidelines, policies and normative instruments on ethical issues issues

UNESCO’s functionsUNESCO’s functions

UNSECO operates on global, regional, sub-UNSECO operates on global, regional, sub-regional and country levels as a:regional and country levels as a:

Laboratory of ideasLaboratory of ideas Standard-setterStandard-setter Clearing houseClearing house Capacity builderCapacity builder Catalyst for international cooperationCatalyst for international cooperation

How does UNESCO intervene How does UNESCO intervene With With technical expertisetechnical expertise within its spheres of competence within its spheres of competence As a As a facilitatorfacilitator in leading complex and multi-stakeholder in leading complex and multi-stakeholder

initiatives towards reconstruction and reconciliationinitiatives towards reconstruction and reconciliation As an As an adviseradviser on the development of evidence-based on the development of evidence-based

educational, cultural, scientific and media policies from educational, cultural, scientific and media policies from emergency contexts towards reconstruction and developmentemergency contexts towards reconstruction and development

By By linkage linkage with civil society in particular professional with civil society in particular professional networks and communities, such as teachers, students, media networks and communities, such as teachers, students, media and cultural professionalsand cultural professionals

As a As a promoter promoter of norms and standardsof norms and standards

Ethics of science and technology at UNESCOEthics of science and technology at UNESCO

WHY UNESCOWHY UNESCO

The science & technology we have today can and should protect the lives The science & technology we have today can and should protect the lives and property of peopleand property of people

- UNESCO is the primary UN Agency with a specialized mandate in the UNESCO is the primary UN Agency with a specialized mandate in the human and social scienceshuman and social sciences

- It is strategically and appropriately positioned to promote global ethics It is strategically and appropriately positioned to promote global ethics frameworkframework

Ethics of science and technology at UNESCOEthics of science and technology at UNESCO

Global Ethics Observatory

Environmental Ethics

Bio Ethics

Ethics of Science & Technology Programme

Climate change is unequivocal and Climate change is unequivocal and globalglobal

Frequency of heavy precipitation

events increasing

Tropical cyclone intensity increasing

Extreme temperatures

increasing

More intense and longer droughts Area of

seasonally frozen ground decreasing

Glaciers and snow over decreasing

Sea level rise

Ocean heat content

increasing

Tropospheric temperatures

increasing

Surface temperatures

increasing

UNEQUIVOCAL

IPCC

Average number of people reported killed, per million inhabitants by continent and Average number of people reported killed, per million inhabitants by continent and disaster origindisaster origin

1991 - 20051991 - 2005

                                                                                                                                                      

  

                                                                                                                                                      

  

                                                                                                                                                                                                          

    Source: ISDRSource: ISDR

Number of people reported killed by type of disaster and level of development

1991 - 2005

Source: ISDR

It is the poorest people who are the most affected

DISASTERS

SUDDEN TECHNOLOGICALSLOW ENVIRONMENTAL

NATURAL DISASTERS HUMAN DISASTERS

- Earthquakes - Tsunami

- Volcanic Eruptions - Floods- Landslides - Storms, Hurricanes - Cyclones

- Climate Changes (greenhouse effect)

- Deforestation - Uncontrolled town planning, megapoles - Drying Lakes

- Chemistry (Bhopal, India)

- Nuclear (Chernobyl, Ukraine)

- Oil spill (Exxon Valdez/Alaska)

- Climate Changes - Desertification- Drought

INTERACTIONS COMPLEX DISASTERS

Education and training

Social awareness

development recovery

emergency

search, rescue

Paradigm ShiftParadigm Shift

FromFrom

post-disaster reactionpost-disaster reaction

To To

pre-disaster actionpre-disaster action

BREAKING THE LINK

Hazards are inevitable

Disasters are not inevitable

• Risk assessment

• Prevention

• Preparedness

• Emergency response

Natural Disaster Reduction, UNESCO’s contribution – B. Rouhban

HAZARD x VULNERABILITY = RISK

H x V = R

Objective: To reduce disaster risk, worldwide, focussing on nations and communities

The instrument: Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015

The vehicle: ISDR system - ‘movement ’

INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION

(ISDR)

            

      

The United Nations system engaged in The United Nations system engaged in

disaster reductiondisaster reduction

World Meteorological Organization

WORLD BANK

Long-term GoalsLong-term Goals Observation and early warning networks of natural hazards Observation and early warning networks of natural hazards

Hazard risk mappingHazard risk mapping

Disaster-resistant building codesDisaster-resistant building codes

Education for disaster reductionEducation for disaster reduction

Help make schools saferHelp make schools safer

Promotion of public awareness through communicationPromotion of public awareness through communication

Protection of cultural monuments and sitesProtection of cultural monuments and sites

UNESCO Science and UNESCO Science and Technology programmes in Technology programmes in

Disaster ReductionDisaster Reduction Natural hazards programme Natural hazards programme

International Geoscience Programme (IGCP)International Geoscience Programme (IGCP)

lnternational Hydrological Programme (IHP)lnternational Hydrological Programme (IHP)

Man and Biosphere (MAB) ProgrammeMan and Biosphere (MAB) Programme

Programmes of UNESCO’s lntergovernmental Programmes of UNESCO’s lntergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)Oceanographic Commission (IOC)

Engineering programmesEngineering programmes

UNESCOUNESCO’s response to ’s response to

natural disasternatural disaster

TTo protect o protect educational buildingseducational buildingsand cultural heritageand cultural heritage

Landslides, Machu Pichu, PeruInternational Programme on Landslides supported by UNESCO

UNESCOUNESCO’s response to ’s response to natural disasternatural disaster

To strengthen environmental protection for the To strengthen environmental protection for the prevention of natural disastersprevention of natural disasters

Planting a tree, St Vincent in the Grenadines, 2003

UNESCO CSI project

UNESCOUNESCO’s ’s response toresponse to natural disasternatural disaster

To enhance preparedness and public awareness To enhance preparedness and public awareness through education and trainingthrough education and training

UNESCOUNESCO’s response to ’s response to natural disasternatural disaster

And, when catastrophes do strike, to foster post-And, when catastrophes do strike, to foster post-disaster investigation, recovery and rehabilitationdisaster investigation, recovery and rehabilitation

UNESCO post earthquake mission, Bam, Iran 2003