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February 19, 2018 PRESENTED BY DOUG AHL & SCOTT SCHUETTER, SEVENTHWAVE RICK CARTER, LHB JASON LAFLEUR, GTI Emerging & Commercial Ready Energy Efficiency Technologies for Businesses
February19,2018
PRESENTEDBY
DOUGAHL&SCOTTSCHUETTER,SEVENTHWAVERICKCARTER,LHBJASONLAFLEUR,GTI
Emerging&CommercialReadyEnergyEfficiencyTechnologiesforBusinesses
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Agenda
EmergingtechnologiesCommercialelectrictechnologiesOfficeplugloadstrategiesCommercialgastechnologies
ValueofEmergingTechnologiestoEnergyEfficiencyProgramsandBusinessCustomers
Science Fiction to Reality
EmergingTechnologies
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Phase1EmergingTechnologyScreening- Sources
• ASHRAEresearchproject(MaxTech,RP1651)• BonnevillePowerAdministration’s(BPA)EmergingTechnologiesProgram–
E3T• DepartmentofDefenseEnvironmentalSecurityTechnologyCertification
Program(DoDESTCP)• TheEmergingTechnologiesCoordinatingCouncil• DepartmentofEnergyHighImpactTechnologyCatalyst• GeneralServicesAdministrationGreenProvingGround(GPG)Program• Seventhwave researchprojects• GasTechnologyInstitute’sTechnologySnapshots(GTIETPCollaborative)• Directdialoguewithselectedmanufacturers
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Phase1EmergingTechnologyScreening- CriteriaTechnologyreadiness:Isthetechnologyindevelopment,deployedinsomemarketsordoesitneedvalidation?Savingspotential:Couldtherebewidespreadadoptioninbuildingsbecauseofsavingspotential?Istheincrementalsavingsfromatechnologyworthprograminvestment?CostEffectiveness:WillitpassaTRCtest?Theanswertothisquestionmaybesubjectiveascostdataforemergingtechnologiesisoftenincompleteorunavailable.OtherConsiderations:
Barrierstoadoption:Arethereotherbarriersthatwillmaketechnologyadoptiontoorisky?Theend-usefunctionserved:Doesthetechnologyhavebroadapplicability(andthereforesavingspotential)?
EmergingTechnologies-Highlights
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InteriorLow-eStormWindows
Electricitysavings:0.06kWh/ft2Gassavings:0.05therm/ft2
Costsavings:$0.08/ft2
2017Simplepayback:5years
Barriers:cost,maintenance
Measurelife:15years
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DynamicAirFlowBalancing
Electricitysavings:0.4kWh/ft2Gassavings:0.10therm/ft2
Costsavings:$0.12/ft2
Barriers:cost,distribution
Measurelife:15years
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AdvancedEnergyInformationSystems
Electricitysavings:0.47kWh/ft2Gassavings:0.03therm/ft2
Costsavings:$0.07/ft2
2017Simplepayback:4years
Barriers:training,ITbarriers
Measurelife:7years
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LEDRetrofitwithIntegratedLightingControls
Electricitysavings:0.89kWh/ft2
Costsavings:$0.08/ft2
2017Simplepayback:10years
Barriers:cost
Measurelife:15yearsPhotocourtesyofCree
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NetworkedHomeAutomation
Electricitysavings:0.15kWh/ft2
Costsavings:$0.02/ft2
2017Simplepayback:7years
Barriers:complexity,training
Measurelife:8years
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AdvancedPowerStrips
Electricitysavings:0.12kWh/ft2
Costsavings:$0.01/ft2
2017Simplepayback:3years
Barriers:ITpushback;persistence
Measurelife:4years
WHAT IS A PLUG LOAD?
All energy consumed by appliances, office
equipment, and anything else that is not a part of the
facility’s primary HVAC, lighting, water heating or
conveyance (elevators, escalators, etc.) systems.
This includes just about anything that is actually
plugged into an outlet. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140Total EUI126
95
78
KBTU/SQ.FT./YEAR
20 20
16% 26%STUDENT CENTERADDITION AND RENOVATION
CO
DE B
ASE
STA
NDA
RD
DESI
GN
MO
DEL
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WHAT’S THE PROBLEM?
While plug loads are increasing, overall energy use intensity needs to decrease.0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Typical 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Ener
gy U
se In
tens
ity (k
Btu/
sf)
Total EUI Plug load
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HISTORIC APPROACH TO PLUG LOADS
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MINNESOTA ENERGY CODE
ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Prescriptive Path
requires 50% of electrical outlets in offices
and computer classrooms must be on
automatic control so they can be switched off
when the room is unoccupied
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RESEARCH STUDIES
§ Impacts of Office Plug Load Reduction Strategies | October 2016
§ Small Embedded Data Center Program Pilot | June 2017
§ Using Network Switches to Operate and Control Lighting and Plug
Loads in Commercial Building | October 2020
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PLUG LOAD REDUCTIONSThis project was supported in part by:
Minnesota Conservation Applied Research and
Development (CARD) Grant Program
CR
EDIT
: Sam
sung
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PLUG LOAD ENERGY IN A TYPICAL OFFICE
CONTROLLABLE PLUG LOADS
§ Over 40% of typical office plug load is controllable
§ Workstations make up 53% of controllable load
§ Common area is the rest§ Office equipment 30%§ Break room 16%
4.1
3.66.0
5.0
Plug Load EUI ≈ 19 kBtu/sq.ft.
Workstation
Common Areas
Server Room
Other MELs
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TYPICAL LOADSBy day…
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22
Plug
load
pow
er
Hour
ComputerOther …
0
300
600
900
1,200
1,500
1,800
Plug
load
ene
rgy
(kW
h)
N = 290
…and for the year.
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TYPICAL LOADS - TRENDS
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ENERGY SAVING STRATEGIES
Advanced power strips:§ APS – Occupancy sensor§ APS – Foot pedal
Computer power management
Behavior campaign + APS
Common area equipment: Basic timerCREDIT: Tricklestar
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ENERGY STAR recommendations
WORKSTATION SAVINGS
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PEAK DEMAND IMPACT
0
40
80
120
160
200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Plug
load
pow
er p
er
wor
ksta
tion
(W)
Hour
Baseline
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PARTICIPANT FEEDBACK
APS OC APS FP CPM
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COMMON AREA EQUIPMENT
PHO
TO C
RED
IT: W
ikim
edia
com
mon
s
Evaluate needs!Annual energy
usage
Desktop printers
Medium-sized MFDs
Coffeemakers
Televisions
Water coolers
170
352
548
67
386
kWh
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PARTICIPANT FEEDBACK
Common area equipment timers:
96% of respondents indicated that they did not notice any change/inconvenience
Most issues were related to equipment that is not designed for hard shutdown (MFDs, video conferencing equipment, etc.)
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BEHAVIOR CAMPAIGN + APS
CREDIT: LHB Architects
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CHECK THE CLOSET
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Engineers, desktops Non-profit research, laptops Architects, desktops
Ener
gy u
sage
per
use
r (kW
h)
Workstation energy
PHO
TO C
RED
IT: S
amsu
ng
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KEY TAKE-AWAYS
§ Though some loads are moving out of the workstation, significant savings remains
§ Relatively simple solutions are available to save 30% or more
§ Energy efficiency advocates should make an ally in IT
§ There is value in discussing behavior
§ There is value in targeting plug load during design
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PLUG LOAD CASE STUDY LHB OFFICE
PROCESS
§ Create an Energy Management Team
§ Submeter plug loads to create a baseline
§ Set goals
§ Take action and record as “Events” in B3 Benchmarking
§ Track results
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SUBMETERS
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BASELINE
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9
24
3
13
10
ANNUALDISTRIBUTION&COSTOFOFFICEENERGYUSE
(kBtu/SF-Year)
?
$5,575
$7,247
$1,672
NATIONAL AVERAGE
77 EUI
LHB-MSP OFFICE (2016)
ELECTRIC EUI 27
AVERAGE OFFICE (CBECS 2012)
ELECTRIC EUI 33
LHB-MSP Energy Update - January 2017
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GOALS
Data Center: 15% reduction
Plug loads: 20% reduction
Total Electricity: 16% reduction
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13.310.6 10.7
10.2
8.7 9.9
3.5
3.54.1
-
5
10
15
20
25
30
2016Actual 2017Goal 2017Actual
LHB-MSPElectricityUseIntensity(kBtu/sf)
Lighting
DataCenter
PlugLoads
ACTIONS
§ Computer power management
§ Advanced power strips
§ Behavior campaign
§ Updates at staff meeting
§ Education on use of advanced power strips
§ Feedback meters
§ Outreach prior to holiday weekends
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RESULTS
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RESULTS
19.8% reduction in plug loads
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28.1 26.8 27.0 27.2 26.6 26.824.6 27.3 25.9 25.6 25.1 24.6 25.0 23.2 23.7 22.9 21.7
- 10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Aug-16
Sep-16
Oct-16
Nov-16
Dec-16
Jan-17
Feb-17
Mar-17
Apr-1
7
May-17
Jun-17
Jul-1
7
Aug-17
Sep-17
Oct-17
Nov-17
Dec-17
kBtu/sf
kBtu
LHB-MSPElectricityUse2016-2018(kBtu)
MonthlyEUI DataCenter Lighting PlugLoads
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Control guidance:§ Computer power management: ENERGY STAR Low Carbon IT Campaign§ Advanced power strips: Better Buildings: Myth Busting Market Barriers to APS
Design: Lobato et al, 2011
Plug load management: NBI: Plug Load Best Practices Guide
Guidance for researchers: Lanzisera et al, 2013
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NEED MORE DETAIL?
Duluth Energy Conference Advancing the Last Frontier – Reduction of Commercial Plug Loads1:00 – 2:30 | Feb 20, 2018 | French River Room
Download the studySee a fact sheet and the full report: seventhwave.org/commercial-plug-load-study
Contact us:Rick Carter, LHB, [email protected]
Chris Plum, Center for Energy and Environment, [email protected]
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ResidentialColdClimateDuctlessHeatPump
Electricitysavings:2.47kWh/ft2
Costsavings:$0.32/ft2
2017Simplepayback:15years
Barriers:cost,stigma?
Measurelife:18years
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LEDT8LampReplacement
Electricitysavings:0.48kWh/ft2
Costsavings:$0.04/ft2
2017Simplepayback:10years
Barriers:lightquality
Measurelife:16yearsPhotocourtesyofCree
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ColdClimateVariableRefrigerantFlow
Electricitysavings:1.42kWh/ft2
Costsavings:$0.12/ft2
2017Simplepayback:10years
Barriers:cost
Measurelife:15years
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CommercialDuctlessHeatPump/VRF
Electricitysavings:1.42kWh/ft2
Costsavings:$0.12/ft2
2017Simplepayback:10years
Barriers:lowgasprices
Measurelife:15years
AdvancedRooftopUnitControls
Electricitysavings:1.55kWh/ft2Gassavings:0.14therm/ft2
Costsavings:$0.24/ft2
2017Simplepayback:3years
Barriers:tradeallytraining,scale
Measurelife:25years
VentilatorExhaustEconomizerBox(VEEbox)
Unitventilatorsinareasofhighdensityoftenheat,cool,vent.
Retrofitpassiveairdistributionboxhelpseliminatestratification.
10%-15%savingsbeingfieldvalidatedwith30sensors
$400cost,3yearpayback
Measurelife:20years
HybridBoilerPlantDesign
“Bestofbothworlds”Condensingboileruseddownto32degreeair(<130FRWT),non-condensingforhigherloads(<160FRWT)
Reducedboilercyclingandincreasedthermalefficiency
18-20%energysavings
4-7yearpayback
Bothcondensingandnon-condensingboilers
CommercialDryerRetrofit:MoistureSensors
Determinewhentheloadisdryandshutoffthedryerbeforeadditionalenergyisused.
Fewcommercialdryersinclude
Easyinstallation,butnotonmechanicaltimerdryers
21.7%savingsfieldvalidatedwithsitesinMNandIL
$200-500cost,3yearpayback
CommercialDryerRetrofit:ModulatingGasValve
Two-stagemodulatinggasvalve,temperaturesensor,controlunit
Programmabledesignprovidesmaximumflexibility&savings
Nomanufacturertemperatureorsafetycontrolsareeverby-passed
13%savingsfieldvalidatedwithsitesinMNandIL
$525cost,2-5yearpaybackdependingonusage
NaturalGasStandby&EmergencyPower
Formoreinformation:http://www.generac.com/Industrial/all-about/natural-gas-fuelhttp://www.generac.com/Industrial/all-about/natural-gas-fuel/natural-gas-performance
Usingnaturalgasfordemandresponseordieselbackup
WorkingwithNFPA70,AHJs,andDODtopermitpipelinenaturalgasasalternativetorequirementsforonsitedieselstorage.
Reliability,Availability,OutageRates
ResiliencyofNaturalGasandElectricSystems
“Microgrid SystemKeepsHoustonGroceryStoresOpeninWakeofHarvey”
Aug29,2017PowerMagazine
• 18H-E-BgrocerystoresremainedopenafterHurricaneHarveyfloodingknockedoutpowerinsurroundingareasfordays.
• Naturalgasundergroundpipelineusedas“off-sitebattery”.
• Onestoreusedtohousefirstresponders,asitwastheonlynearbyfacilitywithpower.
“Islands”ofPowerafteraNaturalDisaster
CombinedHeatandPower(CHP)
ReplacesDHW,genset,andHP
Self-poweredHVAC/DHWincludingHP,AHU,DHW
6kW/5tons/68,000BTUH10kW/15tons/132,000BTUH
PeakdemandstrategyorMicrogrid component
Economicbenefitsaresite-specificNaturalgasorpropane
SystemBlockDiagram(6kWUnit)
Air HandlerGen Comp
Batteries Inverter
DX Coil
HeatRecovery
CondenserSupply Air
Return Air
City Water
DHWGas
Vent
Loads ≤ 6kW
WaterHeaterEngine
M-Trigen PowerAireGrid Power
Load Center
Outdoor Environment: Chamber 1 Indoor Environment: Chamber 2
Test Boundary
HX
NaturalGasEngineHeatPumps(GEHP)
GEHPemploysimilartechnologytoASHP;sameDaikinVRFfancoils.
Engineheatrecoveryincreasesheatingcapacityatlowtemps(coldclimates)
Peakelectricdemandreduction(upto50%)
Lowerenergycosts;lifecyclecostsavings
Someutilitiesoffer$1,500perton
Discussion
Thankyou
JasonLaFleur,GTI847.768.0765| [email protected]
DougAhl,Seventhwave608.210.7116| [email protected],Seventhwave608.210.7149| [email protected],LHB612.752.6923| [email protected]
