Emerging Telecommunication

Technologies

Jan Riyadh Khan

Masuma Khan

University of Asia Pacific

1

What is Telecommunication?

• Is communication at a distance .

• through electrical signal,

• or electromagnetic waves.

It includes

• Mechanical communication

• Electrical communication

2

Historical Perspective

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Wireless & Wire communication

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Wireless networks wireless transmission method

• logical choice to network a LAN segment .

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Advantages

• To span a distance beyond the capabilities

of typical cabling,

• To provide a backup communications

• To link portable or temporary workstations,

• To overcome situations where normal cabling

is difficult or financially impractical

• To remotely connect mobile users or networks

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Applications of wireless technology

Mobile telephones

Wireless energy transfer

Wireless Medical Technologies

Computer interface devices

Wireless data communications

Wi-Fi

Cellular data service

GSM ,CDMA,GPRS

3G networks (W-CDMA, EDGE)

Mobile Satellite Communications

Wireless Sensor Networks

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Evolution of Telecommunication

Technology

Mobile radio telephone (also known as "0G")

Mobile broadband

1G

2G

3G

4G

5G

LTE (telecommunication)

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Mobile radio telephone (also known as "0G")

referred as pre cellular ("0G")

• Push to Talk(PTT or manual),

• Mobile Telephone System(MTS)

• Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS)

• Advanced Mobile Telephone System (AMTS)

• radiotelephone

• public switched telephone network(PSTN)

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Mobile phone network

GSM Network Architecture

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Mobile broadband

• Mobile phones.

• Mobile Internet.

• PC cards (PC data cards) and Express cards

• USB

• Mobile broadband modems

• Mobile broadband,

• laptop computers, net book computers

• Smart phones, iPads, PDAs

• Mobile Internet devices

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1G 1st generation

• the analog telecommunications (1980s)

• Only modulated to higher frequency

(150Mhz)

• Mobile telephony service

• FDMA

• PSTN

• Switching circuit

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2G or 2nd generation technology

• GSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja1991

2G technologies

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)-based

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)-based

The main 2G standards are:

GSM (TDMA-based)

80% Subscriber

60 GSM operators

Using

CDMA2000 in the 450 MHz (CDMA450).

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IS-95 aka cdmaOne (CDMA-based)

PDC (TDMA-based)

iDEN (TDMA-based)

IS-136 a.k.a. D-AMPS (TDMA-based)

2G referred as

Personal Communications Service (PCS) in US

Capacity

• With GPRS theoretical max. 50 kbit/s

(40 kbit/s in practice).

• With EDGE theoretical max. 1 mbit/s

(500 kbit/s in practice).

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Benefits

digitally encrypted & more efficient

introduced data services for mobile

starting with SMS text messages

picture messages and MMS

Disadvantages

2G systems deployed on higher frequencies

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Upgrade of 2G 2.5G ("second and a half generation")

HSCSD

GPRS

Speed: 64-144 kbps

2.75G

EDGE Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS)

IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC)

• EDGE is standardized by 3GPP

• GSM family

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3G ( 3rd Generation)

Comply with (IMT-2000).

Specifications by ITU.

Peak data rates of at least 200kbit/s

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Standards of 3G:

UMTS system (2001) standardized by 3GPP2

Cell phones (UTMS + GSM) Hybrid.

IMT2000/3G standard:

EDGE (2G GSM based) GMSK modulation scheme.

EGPRS (EDGE+GPRS 2.5G). Peak 200 Kbit/s

EDGE IS-135 TDMA

Evolved EDGE 1 Mbit/s↓& 400 Kbit/s↑ not commercially.

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W-CDMA (2,100 MHz)

TD-SCDMA

HSPA (14.4 Mbit/s ↓ down & 5.76 Mbit/s ↑)

HSPA+

(HSPA+MIMO, 56 Mbit/s↓ & 22 Mbit/s↑).

EVDO standardized by 3GPP2

CDMA2000 1x Rev. E (↑voice capacity)

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Applications of 3G:

• Global Positioning System (GPS)

• Location-based services

• Mobile TV

• Telemedicine

• Video Conferencing

• Video on demand

21

Upgrade of 3G

• 3GPP and 3GPP2 are working on

extensions to 3G

• 3.9G or Pre-4G.

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4G (4th generation) 4G standardized (ITU-R) in march 2008 &

(IMT-Advanced) specification

Capable of providing 100Mbps- 1Gbps speed

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IMT-Advanced requirement• Be based on an all-IP

• Be able to dynamically share and use the network

• Using channel bandwidths of 5–20 MHz,

• optionally up to 40 MHz

• Have peak link spectral efficiency

15-bit/s/Hz↓

6.75-bit/s/Hz↑

• System spectral efficiency is, in indoor case,

3-bit/s/Hz/cell ↓

2.25-bit/s/Hz/cell ↑

• LTE Advanced standardized by the 3GPP

• 802.16m standardized by the IEEE(i.e. WiMAX)

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Features of 4G• High performance

• Easy roaming

• Fully converged services

• Low cost

• More user friendly devices

• Enhanced GPS Services

• Scalability

• Crisis management application

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LTE Advanced (Long Term Evolution Advanced)

• is a candidate for IMT-Advanced standard

• submitted by the 3GPP organization to ITU-T

• An improvement on the existing LTE network.

• upgrade to LTE Advanced ≈ upgrade from WCDMA to

HSPA.

IEEE 802.16m or Wireless MAN-Advanced

• Evolution of 802.16e is under development

• IMT-Advanced criteria of

1 Gbit/s for stationary reception and

100 Mbit/s for mobile reception.27

5G (5th generation)

NGMN Alliance or Next Generation Mobile Networks

Alliance defined 5G network requirements as:

• Data rates of several tens of Mb/s should be

supported for tens of thousands of users.

1 GB/s to be offered, simultaneously to

tens of workers on the same office floor.

Spectral efficiency should be significantly enhanced

compared to 4G.

Coverage should be improved

Signaling efficiency enhanced.

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Features of 5G

• Bi-directional large bandwidth.

• Large broadcasting

• Less traffic.

• 25Mbps connectivity speed

• Connectivity just about the world

• Peak (up to 1Gbps)

• Better & Fast solution

• Based on policy to avoid error

• Support virtual private network

• More attractive & effective.

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