Evolution of COMPUTING & ProgramminG

languagesDec 11, 2016

UPES, Dehradun

AGENDA

Historical Perspective

✣ Birth of computing✣ History of languages✣ High Level Languages

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Fun Quiz

Recent Trends in Languages

✣ TIOBE index ✣ In vogue - Go, Java, React, Python, C#✣ Preparing for the future !!

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Demo Q&A

Slides will be uploaded at http://www.slideshare.net/dshevani

Hello everyone !

I am Deepak ShevaniCurrently working at Flipkart, building next generation e-commerce

platforms. I like presenting & love to mingle with technology enthusiasts.

Contact me : aum2deepak@gmail.com

@deepak_shevani

1.HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Understand roots of computing & birth of programming languages

this CHAP ?

he started it all in 60 AD ...

Hero of Alexandria

✣ c. 10 AD – c. 70 AD✣ greek mathematician & engineer✣ Thomas Edison of the ancient world ✣ active in Alexandria, Roman Egypt (60-70 AD)✣ prolific writer as well as inventor✣ first vending machine✣ first steam engine - Aeolipile✣ mechanical puppet theater

� could be rewired � first recorded programmable thing !!

Hero of Alexandria

Invented first “programmable puppet theater"

.... An upper bin is filled with grain or sand, which gradually filters through a small hole into the lower chamber, causing the weight resting above it to descend with it, drawing up the cord that is wrapped around the wheel’s axle to rotate.

1800 years ...... not much progress in the programming world

UNTIL HE CAME

around 1800 ...

Joseph Marie Jacquard

... invented Jacquard loom & demonstrated in 1801, that created patterns on rugs and mats. This simplified textile manufacturing by introducing punched cards arranged in a sequence to manifest into a pattern.

This played important role in invention of other programmable machines !!

Joseph Marie Jacquard

✣ 7 July 1752 – 7 August 1834✣ Jacquard power looms✣ french weaver and merchant✣ contributed to programmable loom✣ called loom programmers✣ patterns were punched and imprinted

THEN ... ... comes the era of machines that could do calculations

1791to 1871

Portrait from the Illustrated London News, Nov. 4, 1871

Charles Babbage (1840)

✣ asked parliament 1M pounds for business✣ first person in computer business✣ dreamed of calculation engine✣ invented Analytical Engine✣ philosopher, mathematician, engineer ✣ never finished both of them :)

At each increase of knowledge, as well as on the contrivance of every new tool, human labour becomes abridged.

Charles Babbage

SOMEONE ... did write software for engine that was only on paper

WORLD's FIRST

COMPUTER PROGRAMMER

... Ada Lovelace, has been called the world's first computer programmer. Her notes on Babbage's analytical

engine include what is recognised as the first algorithm intended to be carried

out by a machine. When such a machine was actually built, her algorithm ran

on it !! Note : She published her notes on analytical engine in 1842

FIRST ALGORITHM !!

~100 years later

... the father is born

ALAN TURING

1912to

1954

Alan Turing, was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer

science. He formalized concepts of algorithms and computation with Turing

Machine. He is widely considered as

FATHER OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Colossus !!

A high level programming language, is a coded language used by programmers

to communicate with the computer.

High Level LANGUAGES 1953, FORTRAN

(John Backus - IBM)First really widespread

high level language

1958, ALGOLCommittee Based Language(modern languages take lot

of ideas from ALGOL)

1969-1973, C(Dennis Ritchie, Bell Labs)

most widely used programming language till date

PICK YOURs !!

Which LanguAgeis more powerful ?

This is a meaningless question !!

- New Languages are influenced from

other languages, concepts & ideas

- Java is influenced from Eiffel, C++

SmallTalk, Objective C etc

- Sponsorship, Company Backing helps

- Programming is creative activity

and language must be treated as tool

OBSERVATIONS !!

GOOD SITES to learn programming

This is a meaningless question !!

TO DOOnline Programming

Portals - CodeChef, ACM ICPC, HackerRank,

HackerEarth

Choose college projects with an opportunity of mixing

theory with practicals

Interact with industry experts to learn exiting business problems in various domains and trying

to solve it using tech

2.TRENDS IN PROG. LANGUAGES

Fast Forward 2016 - let’s understand trends around high level languages today

TIOBE INDEXPopularity of programming languages.

TIOBE stands for - The Importance Of Being Earnest

The TIOBE Programming Community index is an indicator of the popularity of programming languages. Updated once a

month. The ratings are based on the number of skilled engineers world-wide, courses and third party vendors. Popular

search engines such as Google, Bing, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon, YouTube and

Baidu are used to calculate the ratings.

NOVEMBER -2016

3.CASE STUDY : JAVA

Let us deep dive into Java and new features in Java 8 from the kitty

Birth OF JAVA [1995]

✣ 16 million internet users worldwide✣ Birth of e-Commerce companies

■ __a___ and __a_✣ Birth of internet companies

■ _a___✣ Demo of WebRunner at TED conference✣ Debut of

■ Java 1.0a2 ■ Hotjava

H A P P Y B I R T H D A Y J A V A

Birth OF JAVA [1995]

✣ 16 million internet users worldwide✣ Birth of e-Commerce companies

■ Amazon and eBay✣ Birth of internet companies

■ Yahoo✣ Demo of WebRunner demo at TED✣ Debut of

■ Java 1.0a2 ■ Hotjava

H A P P Y B I R T H D A Y J A V A

QUIZ TIME

1) When did Java go open-source ? (date-year)

QUIZ TIME

1) When did Java go open-source ? (date-year)

Oct 25, 2006

QUIZ TIME

1) When did Java go open-source ? (date-year)

Oct 25, 2006

2) When was internet first put on public domain ?

QUIZ TIME

1) When did Java go open-source ? (date-year)

Oct 25, 2006

2) When was internet first put on public domain ?

1993

QUIZ TIME

1) When did Java go open-source ? (date-year)

Oct 25, 2006

2) When was internet first put on public domain ?

1993

3) When was Java Coffee logo introduced ?

QUIZ TIME

1) When did Java go open-source ? (date-year)

Oct 25, 2006

2) When was internet first put on public domain ?

1993

3) When was Java Coffee logo introduced ?

2003

GREAT - Let’s move on :)

Java 8 : Parallel STREAMSNo more boilerplate code !!

Basic Jargon FIRST

LambdasA lambda is anonymous function. A function is a computation that may take some arguments and may return some value. Lambdas enable functions to passed around and stored like values (smells like functional programming, yeah)

Syntax of lambda expression

( [optional arguments] ) -> body

( Person p1, Person p2 ) -> p1.name() == p2.name()

**** Types can be inferred (parameters, return type)

StreamsA Stream is an abstract concept that represents multiple values. It may or may not be collection. It may or may not be a sequence. It may or may not be an iterator. It is something that would allow sequential as well as parallel processing :)

Stream<T> is opened using

Collections.stream(), Collection.parallelStream()

IntStream.range(), Stream.of(), Arrays.stream()

BufferedReader.lines(), CharSequence.chars()

E X A M P L E S H O U L D M A K E I T C L E A R

SomeList<Employee> employees = ….

double highestPaid =

employees.stream()

.filter(e -> e.getDepartment().equals(‘Search’)

.map(e -> e.getSalary())

.max();

I T E R A T I O N S

// EXTERNAL

for (Item items : items) {

process(item);

}

// INTERNAL

items.forEach(item -> process(item));

W I T H O U T S T R E A M S ( Java 7)

List mobileTransactions = new Arraylist<>();

for(Transaction t: transactions){

if(t.getType() == Transaction.MOBILE){

mobileTransactions.add(t);

}

}

Collections.sort(mobileTransactions, new MobilesComparator()); List transactionIds = new ArrayList<>();

for(Transaction t: mobileTransactions){

transactionsIds.add(t.getId());

}

U S I N G S T R E A M S ( Java 8)

List transactionsIds = transactions.stream()

.filter(t -> t.getType() == Transaction.MOBILE)

.sorted(comparing(Transaction::getValue)

.reversed())

.map(Transaction::getId)

.collect(toList());

U S I N G P A R A L L E L S T R E A M S

List transactionsIds = transactions.parallelStream()

.filter(t -> t.getType() == Transaction.MOBILE)

.sorted(comparing(Transaction::getValue)

.reversed())

.map(Transaction::getId)

.collect(toList());

Credits

Special thanks to all the people who made and released these awesome resources for free:

✣ Presentation template by SlidesCarnival✣ Photographs by Unsplash✣ Paper texture by GraphicBurguer

THAT'S IT !!Thank you all of you for being wonderful audience