Date post: | 19-Aug-2015 |
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Technology |
Upload: | shyam-kumar |
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INTRODUCTION
Today, Automobile industries are focusing on global
warming and saving non-renewable sources.
Bio diesel is one of the best solution of above
mentioned problems.
Since it is a renewable energy, produce less emission
and it is successfully implemented on existing
systems (cars).
WHAT IS BIODIESEL?
Biodiesel: Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil - or animal fat-
based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters.
Non-toxic, Biodegradable
Can be combined at any level with petroleum diesel to fuel diesel engines.
BIODIESEL BLENDS
B2
B5
B10
B20
B100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
Biodiesel Petroleum diesel
B100 = 100% biodiesel
B20 = 20% biodiesel + 80% petroleum dieselB10 = 10% biodiesel + 90% petroleum dieselB5 = 5% biodiesel + 95% petroleum dieselB2 = 2% biodiesel + 98% petroleum diesel
ADVANTAGES
• Bio diesel is environmental friendly. • It can help reduce dependency on foreign oil. • It offers similar power to diesel fuel. • It is safer than conventional diesel. • It can be made from waste products.• It can be made at home easily.
• It gives out more nitrogen oxide emissions.• It can only be used in diesel-powered engines.• Higher viscosity.• Poor cold flow properties
DISADVANTAGES
PROPERTIES DIESEL BIODIESEL ETHANOL DEE
Density 850 916 789 713.4
Kinematic viscosity at40oc(Cst) Calorific value (kj/kg)
3.05 5.8 0.795 0.2230
Cetane number 42800 39400 29700 33892
Flash point ◦C 85 129 14 -45
Surface tension N/m at 20°C 0.023 0.025 0.02239 0.017
Latent heat of Evaporation kJ/kg 250 240 922 376
MAIN PROPERTIES OF BLENDING STOCK
Molecular weight 170 200 46.07 74.12
Stoichiometric air to fuel ratio (Wt/wt)
15 13.5 9 11.1
Autoignition temperature ◦C 316 - 422 160
Boiling point ◦C 188-344 - 78 34
Carbon content % weight 84-87 - 52.2 64.86
Hydrogen content % weight 33-16 - 13.1 13.5
Oxygen content (%) weight 0 10 34.7 21
MANUFACTURER KIRLOSKAR
General details single cylinder, 4-stroke,, Direct injection, compression ignition engine
Power (rated ) 3.7 kW
Bore/Stroke 80mm/110mm
Rated speed 1500 rpm
Compression ratio 16.1
Engine specification
PROPERTIES B0 BD(B20) BDE BDET
DIESEL%(v/v) 100 80 80 80
MAHUA METHYL ESTER%(v/v) 0 20 15 15
ETHANOL%(v/v)0 0 5 0
DIETHYL ETHER%(v/v)0 0 0 5
DENSITY 0.84 0.845 0.837 0.84
CALORIFIC VALUE 42800 42120 41635 41844
LATENT HEAT OF EVAPORATION 250 235 266 242
COMPOSITION OF FUELS AND MAIN BLEND PROPERTIES
CONCLUSIONS
• Diesel –biodiesel –diethyl ether blend(BDET) and BDE shows better stability in diesel engine
without modification.• BSFC of BDET is slightly lower because of high
volatility.• BDET and BDE have high oxygen content than
B20,shows excellent ability to eliminate smoke emissions.
• NOx emission will be higher in BDE but HC emissions will be low in comparison with B20.
REFERENCES
• Padhi, S.K, Singh, R.K, 2010 Optimization of esterification and transesterification of Mahua (Madhuca Indica) oil for production of biodiesel
• Kambiz tahvildhari,Nargis davari B 2011,Biodiesel Production from chicken fat based sources.
• Krish T Bharat ,Agni Bhattacharya 2012,The production and analysis of biodiesel from chicken waste and a comparison of fuel properties.
• Nagarhalli M.V, Nandedkar V.M 2010,Emission and Performance characteristics of Karanja biodiesel and its blends in a ci engine and its economics.
• Venkata Ramesh Mamilla, M. V. Mallikarjun, Dr. G.Lakshmi Narayana Rao, Preparation of Biodiesel from Karanja Oil