Emission of pollutants into the atmosphere

Katarina Mareckova, EMEP Centre on Emission Inventories and

Projections

4 July 2012, Geneva

TF on Indicators

Content

IntroductionEstimation and reporting of emissions

What is NIS and why we need itStatus of reporting under CLRTAP in EECCA and WB

Indicators

Emission sources Releases to air occurring

by anthropogenic activities (combustions of fuels, agriculture activities, mining, industrial processes, leakages from equipment's, pipelines…)

Natural emissions (volcano eruptions, forest fires, releases from soil, vegetation,..

Type of source

Point sources

Area sources Linear sources (diffuse emissions)

A. Direct measurements of emissions e.g. in chimney measurements

B. Estimation by calculation Emission factor (mass pollutant per unit activity) Activity data

C. Inverse modeling (e.g. based on air quality measurements)

Emission estimation

Quality parametersof emission inventory

T TCCCA

Timeliness

Transparency

Consistency

Comparability

Completeness and

Accuracy

Review process of emissions inventories is established under all Conventions and Protocols Automated tests on imported

data: format, timeliness, trends…

Semi-automated tests on completeness, consistency ,IEF, recalculations,…

In-depth review of methods, EF and AD, documentation…

Quality control

What is National Inventory System (NIS) A national inventory system

incorporates all the elements necessary to estimate, report and archive emissions and sinks,

i.e.Legal

arrangements

Institutional

arrangements

Procedural

arrangements

High quality inventory that meets needs of policy-makers, researchers and public

Legal arrangements (Act , decree,…)

Ensures resources

Ensures access to inventory data for

inventory compilers

Establish system for collecting the

data

Define responsibilities (legal entity)

Institutional and procedural arrangements

Team coordinat

or

Sectoral experts

Cooperating institutions

Strategy /

workplan in

place

QA/QC plan

developed

Reporting system in place

Data providers (StatOff,

Industries, …

Documentation and

Archiving system in

place

Leading institution

QA/QC manager

DB manager

ConsultantsResearch inst.

Universities

How could it work

High quality inventory that meets needs of policy-makers,

researchers and public

Inventory Planning

Inventory

Management

Inventory Preparation

Assessment of current statusDevelop

improvement strategy

Existing reporting obligation

LRTAP Convention (21 pollutants: acidifying, ozone precursors, PM, HMs, POPs); 51 Parties 8 protocols

UNFCCC (GHGs: CO2, N2O, CH4, F-gases) 123 Parties Kyoto protocol

Montreal protocol – Ozone depleting pollutants Aarhus Convention -

E-PRTR protocol – industrial point sources – 91 pollutants …….

EIONET framework (EEA) – annual priority data flows

Overview of reporting under CLRTAP in 2010; EECCA and WB countries

PARTY Submission Date EMEP

Resubmission Date

IIR 2010

SO2 NOx CO NH3 NMVOC

Cd,Hg, PbPM2.5, PM10

TSPPOPs (PAH DIOX HCB)

Activity Data

Albania 12.04.2012 31.05.2012 1990 - 2009 1990 - 2009 1990 - 2009 2008, 2009 1990 - 2009

Armenia 26.04.20122005, 2006, 2008 - 2010

2005, 2006, 2008 - 2010*

2005, 2006, 2008 - 2010*

AzerbaijanBelarus 15.02.2012 15.03.2012 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010Bosnia & Herzegovina

Croatia 14.02.2012 19.04.2012 1990 - 2010 1990 - 2010 1990 - 2010 1990 - 20101990 - 2010*

1990 - 2010

Georgia 22.02.2012 06.03.20122005 - 2010*

2005 - 2010*

2005 - 2010*

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Montenegro 10.04.2012 18.06.20121990 - 2010*

1990 - 2010*

1990 - 2010*

2010*1990 - 2010*

Republic of Moldova

FYR of Macedonia 13.02.2012 14.03.2012 2010 1990 - 2010 2010 2010

Russian Federation 30.03.2012 27.04.2012 2010 2010 2010

Serbia 10.02.2012 2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010

Ukraine 15.02.2012 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

MS inventories MS inventories

MS inventories Parties to the CLRTAP

Central DB

UNECE Secretariat

EEA, ETC ACM

RepDab EMEP SB

Data flow

modelers

reviewGrid

ded datain

vento

ries

testing

Eurostat

CRF, NECD

Surrogate data

Status reports

EMEP EBC

ou

ntr

y

rep

ort

s

Notification forms

Resources for emission inventory compilers:

Guidebooks and Tools

EMEP/ EEA Inventory Guidebook 2009http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-emission-inventory-guidebook-2009

http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications-ru/emep-eea/

EMEP Emission Reporting Guidelines ECE/EB.AIR/97http://www.ceip.at/fileadmin/inhalte/emep/reporting_2009/Rep_Guidelines_ECE_EB_AIR_97_e.pdf

COPERT road transport software

CollectER emission inventory DB

E-PRTR Guidance

Existing Guidebooks and tools UNFCCC reporting guidelines

IPCC Inventory Guidebooks and IPCC Good Practice Guidance http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/methodology-reports.htm

IPCC Softwarehttp://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/software/new.html

Existing reporting formats

NFR/CRF sectors, categories

E-PRTR activities

Other Main pollutants(from 1980)

NFR sectors to be reported to LRTAP

NFR Aggregation for Gridding and LPS (GNFR)

NFR Code

anno

tatio

n

Longname Notes: Gg NO2 Gg Gg SO2 Gg Gg Gg Gg Gg Mg Mg Mg

A_PublicPower 1 A 1 a (a) 1 A 1 a Public Electricity and Heat Production 65.3 0.8 65.8 0.1 2.0 3.5 4.2 17.5 3.1 0.3 0.8B_IndustrialComb 1 A 1 b (a) 1 A 1 b Petroleum refining 14.8 0.4 29.2 NA 0.6 0.9 1.3 6.3 0.4 0.1 0.1B_IndustrialComb 1 A 1 c (a) 1 A 1 c Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries 3.1 3.3 2.9 NA 0.7 0.9 1.2 12.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

B_IndustrialComb 1 A 2 a (a)1 A 2 a Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Iron and Steel

13.6 1.4 17.7 NA 2.5 3.0 3.2 508.5 33.9 0.7 0.3

B_IndustrialComb 1 A 2 b (a)1 A 2 b Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Non-ferrous Metals

1.6 0.1 0.3 NA 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.0

B_IndustrialComb 1 A 2 c (a)1 A 2 c Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Chemicals

29.1 0.7 20.7 NA 1.0 1.9 2.3 7.2 0.1 0.0 0.2

B_IndustrialComb 1 A 2 d (a)1 A 2 d Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Pulp, Paper and Print

12.6 0.4 1.8 NA 2.7 3.5 4.6 10.3 3.1 0.0 0.0

B_IndustrialComb 1 A 2 e (a)1 A 2 e Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco

14.4 0.5 5.1 NA 1.2 1.5 2.0 7.2 1.3 0.0 0.1

B_IndustrialComb 1 A 2 f i1 A 2 f i Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Other

49.1 4.4 30.2 0.9 4.0 5.2 6.4 55.8 7.9 0.6 0.6

I_OffRoadMob 1 A 2 f ii1 A 2 f ii Mobile Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction

22.6 4.4 1.7 NA 2.1 2.3 3.1 13.9 NA NA NA

J_AviLTO 1 A 3 a ii (i) 1 A 3 a ii (i) Civil Aviation (Domestic, LTO) 3.0 0.6 0.3 NA 0.2 0.2 0.3 3.4 6.0 NA NAJ_AviLTO 1 A 3 a i (i) 1 A 3 a i (i) International Aviation (LTO) 7.3 0.8 0.6 NA 0.2 0.3 0.5 4.7 NA NA NAG_RoadRail 1 A 3 b i 1 A 3 b i Road Transport:, Passenger cars 244.5 47.0 0.5 6.4 14.7 16.0 16.0 439.6 1.3 0.3 NAG_RoadRail 1 A 3 b ii 1 A 3 b ii Road Transport:, Light duty vehicles 97.5 12.2 0.2 0.4 7.5 8.2 8.2 97.4 0.3 0.1 NAG_RoadRail 1 A 3 b iii 1 A 3 b iii Road Transport:, Heavy duty vehicles 248.2 8.5 0.2 0.1 4.0 4.4 4.4 45.6 0.3 0.0 NAG_RoadRail 1 A 3 b iv 1 A 3 b iv Road Transport:, Mopeds & Motorcycles 3.7 27.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 114.1 0.1 0.0 NAG_RoadRail 1 A 3 b v 1 A 3 b v Road Transport:, Gasoline evaporation NA 15.8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Cd

Hg

FR: 09.02.2012:

2010

PM

10

Particulate Matter(from 2000)

TS

P

Main Pollutants(from 1980)

SO

x

Priority Heavy Metals(from 1990)

NO

x

CO

NM

VO

C

PM

2.5

NH

3

Pb

IMPORTANT NOTE

Do not start to develop new emissions/ emission inventory system before assessing previous relevant activities in your country

Establish cooperation , use existing experience of inventory experts in your country,

Support your national inventory experts by providing activity data in required formats and on time

Use of the indicator

Emission trends

Trends in air quality

Implementation of abatement measures

Economical development

Difference 1990-2010, and Distance to GP Target (2010 emissions to ceilings)

Compliance with international treaties

Identification of main sectors to total emissions

S1- Combustion in energy and transformation industries,

S2-Non-industrial combustion plants,

S3-Combustion in manufacturing industry,

S4-Production processes, S5-Extraction and

distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy

S6-Solvent use and other product use,

S7-Road transport S8-Other mobile sources and

machinery, S9-Waste treatment and

disposal S10-Agriculture

Key categories

• 1A1a Public Electricity and Heat Production”, • “1A fi Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing industries and

Construction: Other” • “2C1 Iron and Steel Production”.• 1A2b Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and

Construction: Non-ferrous Metals• 1A4bi Residential: Stationary plants

Emissions and projections (example)

Emission per GNI, per capita

Spatial distribution of emissions

SOx

NH3

max

min

max

min

Distribution of LPS, 2012

MAIN PM

HMPOPs

Large industrial facilities with releases to air (cca 27 000) E-PRTR 2009

E-PRTR Time series - Air

Discussion items How to ensure /improve communication between data

providers and inventory compilers How to improve quality of reported emissions

Where are the problems ? AD : accessibility, availability, completeness,

confidentiality, ….. EFs : applicability, uncertainty,…. Tools: guidance, software, literature, database,.. Legal barriers,… awareness of decision maker, data providers…

What can we do?