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EMOTIONS

Dr Aisha Hamdan

College of MedicineUniversity of Sharjah

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Emotions

z Imagine how life would be withoutthecapacityto behappy,to laugh,to

becomeangryor sadz We would be likerobotsgoingaboutourlives without experiencingpleasureordistress

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Emotions

z Emotionsarea bountygivento us byAllah

z z Andthatitis He whomakes [one]laugh

and weep. an-Najm (53):43

yAllahhascreated withinhumanstheabilitytolaughandto weep

y torejoiceandto brood

y as wellasthecausesfor eachofthese

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What are Emotions?

z Testfrom Allahy Success based uponabilitytocontrol

emotionsy Channeltheminthedirectionordained byAllah

y As emotionsarenatural,itisnotexpectedthatwe eliminatethemcompletely

y Moderationand balanceiskey

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What are Emotions?

z Affective experiencesy Internalcomponents (i.e,subjectivefeeling,

physiologicalstates,thoughts)y Externalcomponents (i.e.,facial expressions

and behavior).

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Components of Emotion

z Physiologicalresponses- heartrate, bloodpressure,perspiration,andother bodily

responsesz Subjective experience affectiveor

feelingtone

z Emotional expression- outwardsignsofwhatapersonisfeeling

y Facial expressions

y Behavior

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Components of Emotion

z Cognitiveappraisal assessmentof

personalmeaningofcircumstancez Responsesto emotion- howregulate,reactto,andcope with

own emotionorsituation; behavior

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Primary Emotions

z Eightprimary emotions (Plutchik, 2001)y Fear

y Surprise

y Sadness

y Disgust

y Angery Anticipation

y Joy

yT

rust

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Naturally Occurring

Emotions

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z a) joy

z b) anger

z c) interest

z d) disgust

z e) surprise

z f) sadness

z g) fear

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Fig. 12.13 Primary andmixedemotions. InRobertPlutchiksmodelthereareeightprimary emotions,aslistedintheinnerareas.Adjacentemotionsmay combinetogivethe

emotionslistedaroundthe perimeter.Mixturesinvolvingmore widely separatedemotionsarealso possible. Forexample, fearplusanticipation producesanxiety. (AdaptedfromPlutchik, 2001.)

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Expressing Emotion

z Culturally universal expressions

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Experiencing Emotion

zSubjectiveWell-Being

yself-perceivedhappinessorsatisfaction withlife

yusedalong withmeasuresof

objective well-beingxphysicaland economicindicators

to evaluatepeoples qualityoflife

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Experiencing Emotion

z Doesmoney buyhappiness?

Year

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Averageper-person

after-tax incomein 1995 dollars

Percentagedescribingthemselvesasveryhappy

$20,000

$19,000

$18,000$17,000

$16,000$15,000$14,000$13,000$12,000$11,000$10,000

$9,000

$8,000

$7,000

$6,000$5,000$4,000

1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Percentage veryhappy

Personal income

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Experiencing Emotions

z Continuedpleasures wearoffPleasureisalwayscontingent uponchangeand

disappears withcontinuoussatisfaction.

z ShortlyafterIrealizedIhadplenty,I

realizedthere wasplentymore.

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Experiencing Emotion

z Adaptation-LevelPrincipley tendencytoadapttocertainconditionsafter

continual exposurex brightnessoflightsx volumeofsound

x levelofincome

y whenon wayto becominghappy tendtoadaptandadjustour expectations bysettingnew goals

y Makeshappinesssomewhatelusive

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Experiencing Emotion

z RelativeDeprivationPrincipley Ifcompareourselvestothose whoare better

off creates envyanddiscontentmenty Ifcompareourselvestothose whoare worseoff-

x help usfeelhappierandmorecontent

x thinkofhow much worsethingsreallycould be

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Experiencing Emotion

z RelativeDeprivationPrincipley TheProphet(peaceand blessings be upon

him) said, "Ifanyoneof you lookedataperson who wasmadesuperiortohiminpropertyand (ingood) appearance,thenheshouldalsolookattheone whoisinferiorto

him,andto whomhehas beenmadesuperior."Al-Bukhari

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Happiness is...

Researchers Have Found ThatHappyPeople Tend to

Havehighself-esteem(in individualisticcountries)

Beoptimistic, outgoing, and agreeable

Haveclosefriendshipsorasatisfyingmarriage

Have workand leisurethatengagetheirskills

Haveameaningfulreligiousfaith

Sleep welland exercise

However, HappinessSeems Not MuchRelated to OtherFactors, Suchas

Age

Gender(womenaremoreoftendepressed, butalsomoreoften joyful)

Educationlevels

Parenthood (having childrenornot)

Physicalattractiveness

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Balancing Emotions

z Emotionsshould beforthesakeofAllah

z Shouldnothavemorelove,fearorhopeinanyoneoranythingmorethanAllah

z Love,fearandhopeinAllahshould bebalanced

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Balancing Emotions

z LoveAllahfor blessings Hehas bestowedupon us

z Fear Hispunishmentand wrathduetooursins

z Havehopethatourgooddeeds will be

acceptedandthatAllah willacceptourrepentanceandforgiveoursins

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Controlling Emotions

z Angercan besakeofAllah

z Angerisanatural emotional, butneedstobecontrolled

z

z "Whospend [inthecauseofAllah]during easeandhardshipand whorestrainangerand whopardonthe people andAllahlovesthedoersofgood."

AliImran 3:134

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Controlling Emotions

z TheProphet (pbuh) passed bysomepeoplewho were wrestling. Heasked, Whatisthis?Theysaid, So-and-soisthestrongest,he canbeatanybody.TheProphet (pbuh) said, ShallInottellyou whois evenstrongerthanhim?Theman who, whenheismistreated by

another, controlshisanger,hasdefeatedhisownshaytaanandtheshaytaanoftheone whomadehimangry.

al-Bazzaar

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Methods to Control Anger

z SeekrefugeinAllah

z Makeablution (wudu)

z Keepsilent

z Changeposition

z Rememberrewardforcontrollinganger